nitrous oxide and Hyperventilation studies

Nitrous Oxide: Nitrogen oxide (N2O). A colorless, odorless gas that is used as an anesthetic and analgesic. High concentrations cause a narcotic effect and may replace oxygen, causing death by asphyxia. It is also used as a food aerosol in the preparation of whipping cream.
dinitrogen oxide : A nitrogen oxide consisting of linear unsymmetrical molecules with formula N2O. While it is the most used gaseous anaesthetic in the world, its major commercial use, due to its solubility under pressure in vegetable fats combined with its non-toxicity in low concentrations, is as an aerosol spray propellant and aerating agent for canisters of 'whipped' cream.

Hyperventilation: A pulmonary ventilation rate faster than is metabolically necessary for the exchange of gases. It is the result of an increased frequency of breathing, an increased tidal volume, or a combination of both. It causes an excess intake of oxygen and the blowing off of carbon dioxide.

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of hyperventilation upon spinal dorsal horn neuronal single-unit activities under nitrous oxide anesthesia."	7.73	[The effects of hyperventilation upon spinal dorsal horn neuronal single-unit activities under nitrous oxide anesthesia]. ( Hanaoka, K; Ide, Y; Sumida, T; Tagami, M, 2005)
"Hyperventilation may reverse increases in cerebral blood flow velocity caused by inhalation of nitrous oxide (N2O)."	7.70	Effect of nitrous oxide on cerebral blood flow velocity after induction of hypocapnia. ( Gelb, AW; Lee, D; Luney, SR; Watts, AD, 1998)
"3 kPa) on mean blood flow velocity in the middle cerebral artery (Vmca) during normoventilation and hyperventilation with air and with 50% nitrous oxide in oxygen."	7.69	Hyperventilation reverses the nitrous oxide-induced increase in cerebral blood flow velocity in human volunteers. ( Benzer, A; Haring, HP; Hörmann, C; Schalow, S; Schmidauer, C; Seiwald, M, 1995)
"We have studied, in six normal subjects, the effect of nitrous oxide sedation on the ventilatory pattern and oxygen saturation using pulse oximetry (SpO2) after hyperventilation to an end-tidal carbon dioxide partial pressure (PE'CO2) of 3 kPa."	7.68	Nitrous oxide sedation causes post-hyperventilation apnoea. ( Griffiths, D; Jones, JG; Northwood, D; Sapsford, DJ; Wilkins, C, 1991)
"Hyperventilation may reverse increases in cerebral blood flow velocity caused by inhalation of nitrous oxide (N2O)."	3.70	Effect of nitrous oxide on cerebral blood flow velocity after induction of hypocapnia. ( Gelb, AW; Lee, D; Luney, SR; Watts, AD, 1998)
"We have studied, in six normal subjects, the effect of nitrous oxide sedation on the ventilatory pattern and oxygen saturation using pulse oximetry (SpO2) after hyperventilation to an end-tidal carbon dioxide partial pressure (PE'CO2) of 3 kPa."	3.68	Nitrous oxide sedation causes post-hyperventilation apnoea. ( Griffiths, D; Jones, JG; Northwood, D; Sapsford, DJ; Wilkins, C, 1991)
"For the anesthetic management of moyamoya disease patients, especially in delivery, it is important to avoid hemodynamic changes and to maintain cerebral blood flow (CBF)."	1.30	Propofol anesthesia for cesarean section successfully managed in a patient with moyamoya disease. ( Furuya, A; Kumazawa, T; Matsukawa, T; Ozaki, M, 1998)
"However, hyperventilation is advocated after operation in patients with marked brain swelling."	1.25	Intracranial pressure during recovery from nitrous oxide and halothane anaesthesia in neurosurgical patients. ( Jorgensen, PB; Misfeldt, BB, 1975)

Research

Studies (53)

Authors

Clinical Trials (1)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Number of Participants Experiencing Side Effects (Nausea, Dizziness)

Number of Participants Needing Intervention to Treat Blood Loss (a Composite of Use of Uterotonics, Re-aspiration, and Bimanual Massage)

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	43 (81.13)	18.7374
1990's	7 (13.21)	18.2507
2000's	2 (3.77)	29.6817
2010's	0 (0.00)	24.3611
2020's	1 (1.89)	2.80

Authors	Studies
Tang, LY	1
Wang, J	1
Alston, TA	1
TSCHIRREN, B	2
OBRECHT, R	2
ROTH, F	1
ROLLASON, WN	1
LATHAM, JW	1
BACKMAN, LE	1
LOEFSTROEM, B	1
WIDEN, L	1
SYKES, MK	1
COOKE, PM	1
Audibert, G	1
Steinmann, G	1
Charpentier, C	1
Mertes, PM	1
Ide, Y	1
Tagami, M	1
Sumida, T	1
Hanaoka, K	1
Knudsen, J	1
Prys-Roberts, C	1
Kelman, GR	1
Greenbaum, R	1
Robinson, RH	1
Marty, H	1
de Rood, M	2
Deloof, T	2
Verbist, A	2
Frühling, J	2
Berre, J	1
Dang Phuoc, T	1
Argent, VP	1
Rooth, G	1
Hörmann, C	1
Schmidauer, C	1
Haring, HP	1
Schalow, S	1
Seiwald, M	1
Benzer, A	1
Graham, AJ	1
Jirsch, DW	1
Barrington, KJ	1
Hayashi, AH	1
Furuya, A	1
Matsukawa, T	1
Ozaki, M	1
Kumazawa, T	1
Watts, AD	1
Luney, SR	1
Lee, D	1
Gelb, AW	1
Holman, BL	1
Tachibana, N	2
Jorgensen, PB	2
Misfeldt, BB	1
Algotsson, L	1
Messeter, K	1
Rosén, I	1
Holmin, T	1
Carlsson, C	1
Vasthare, US	1
Tuma, RF	1
Rocco, MJ	1
Dombkoski, RA	1
Northwood, D	1
Sapsford, DJ	1
Jones, JG	1
Griffiths, D	1
Wilkins, C	1
Wilkins, CJ	1
Reed, PN	1
Aitkenhead, AR	1
Suwa, K	1
Desmond, J	1
Gordon, RA	1
Feldman, SA	1
Tyrrell, MF	1
Granholm, L	1
Siesjö, BK	2
Cullen, BF	1
Margolis, AJ	1
Eger, EI	1
Matsuda, I	2
Meyer, JS	2
Welch, KM	1
Goodger, WJ	1
Levy, W	1
Henriksen, HT	1
MacMillan, V	1
Yamamura, H	1
Darbinyan, TM	1
Rosen, M	1
Gotoh, F	1
Akiyama, M	1
Toshitake, S	1
Blenkarn, GD	1
Briggs, G	1
Bell, J	1
Sugioka, K	1
Wollman, H	1
Alexander, SC	1
Cohen, PJ	1
Stephen, GW	1
Zeiger, LS	1
Proserpio, L	1
Clarke, RB	1
Cooper, JO	1
Brown, WE	1
Greifenstein, FE	1
Kitahata, LM	1
Taub, A	1
Sato, I	1
Catton, DV	1
Browne, RA	1
Chamberlain, JH	1
Lis, MT	1
Viljoen, JF	1
Samuel, JR	1
Grange, RA	1
Hawkins, TD	1
Nagano, J	1
Edelist, G	1
Osorio, A	1
Skarda, M	1
Michenfelder, JD	1
Fowler, WS	1
Theye, RA	1
Gilbert, RG	1
Brindle, GF	1

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
Sevoflurane as an Anesthetic During Dilation and Evacuation Procedures: Does it Increase Blood Loss and Interventions for Blood Loss and Why Do Anesthesiologists Choose to Use It?[NCT01048658]	Phase 4	160 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-09-30	Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Sevoflurane	13
No Sevoflurane	11

Provider report for need to intervene due to blood loss (yes/no) (NCT01048658)
Timeframe: At time of uterine evacuation and immediately post-operatively, an average of 7.1 minutes

Number of Participants With Estimated Blood Loss Greater Than 300 mL (Yes/no)

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Sevoflurane	20
No Sevoflurane	13

Procedural blood loss greater than 300 mL. Blood loss was measured in a standardized fashion (amniotic fluid was discarded, blood was separated from tissue, and all gauze surgical drapes weighed). (NCT01048658)
Timeframe: At time of uterine evacuation, an average of 7.1 minutes

Procedure Time: T-test (Time of Speculum Placement to Time Speculum Removed)

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Sevoflurane	12
No Sevoflurane	6

Length of procedure from time of speculum placement to time of speculum removal, in minutes. (NCT01048658)
Timeframe: Time of speculum place to time of speculum removal, an average of 7.1 minutes

Patient and Provider Satisfaction With Anesthesia

Intervention	minutes (Mean)
Sevoflurane	7.0
No Sevoflurane	7.3

Scores reported on 10-cm Visual Analog Scale (VAS anchors: 0= not satisfied at all, 10= completely satisfied) . Reported as mean +/- standard deviation. Subjects and providers were blinded to anesthesia method. Subjects and providers completed post-operative questionnaire within 30 minutes of procedure completion. (NCT01048658)
Timeframe: Post-procedure, within 30 minutes

Article	Year
[Anaesthetic management of the patient with acute intracranial hypertension]. Annales francaises d'anesthesie et de reanimation, 2005, Volume: 24, Issue:5 Topics: Acute Disease; Anesthesia, General; Blood Pressure; Brain Injuries; Brain Ischemia; Case Management;	2005
Concepts and clinical utility of the measurement of cerebral blood flow. Seminars in nuclear medicine, 1976, Volume: 6, Issue:3 Topics: Brain Diseases; Brain Injuries; Brain Neoplasms; Carbon Dioxide; Carotid Artery Thrombosis; Cerebrov	1976
Relationship of cerebral blood flow and metabolism to neurological symptoms. Progress in brain research, 1972, Volume: 35 Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Autoradiography; Blood Flow Velocity; Blood Gas Analysis; Brain; Carbon Diox	1972
Anesthetic management of the cesarean section. The Veterinary clinics of North America, 1973, Volume: 3, Issue:1 Topics: Anesthesia, Epidural; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Anesthetics, Local; Animals;	1973
Recent advances in pain relief in childbirth. I. Inhalation and systemic analgesia. British journal of anaesthesia, 1971, Volume: 43, Issue:9 Topics: Analgesics; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Diazepam; Female; Humans; Hyperventilat	1971

Article	Year
A new steroid muscle relaxant. Dacuronium-NB.68 (Organon). Anaesthesia, 1970, Volume: 25, Issue:3 Topics: Androstanes; Anesthesia; Atropine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Gallamine Triethiodide; Halothane; Huma	1970
The effects of anesthesia and pulmonary ventilation on blood loss during elective therapeutic abortion. Anesthesiology, 1970, Volume: 32, Issue:2 Topics: Abortion, Therapeutic; Adult; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthesia, Obstetric	1970
Observations of blood lactate and pyruvate levels and excess lactate production during and after anaesthesia with and without hyperventilation. British journal of anaesthesia, 1968, Volume: 40, Issue:5 Topics: Acid-Base Equilibrium; Adult; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Blood Gas Analysis; Citric Acid Cycle; Female;	1968

Article	Year
Kety-Schmidt Application of Nitrous Oxide to Determine Cerebral Blood Flow. Journal of anesthesia history, 2020, Volume: 6, Issue:2 Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Cerebrovascular Circulation; History, 20th Century; Humans; Hyperventila	2020
[Clinical experiences with diallylnortoxiferine (R0 4-3816) in hyperventilation anesthesia with nitrous oxide]. Schweizerische medizinische Wochenschrift, 1963, Aug-17, Volume: 93 Topics: Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Alcuronium; Anesthesia; Anesthesia, General; Anesthesiology; Humans; Hyperven	1963
ANAESTHESIA FOR INTRACRANIAL ANEURYSMS. Anaesthesia, 1963, Volume: 18 Topics: Anesthesia; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthesiology; Halothane; Humans; Hyperventilation; Hypotension	1963
ELECTRO-ENCEPHALOGRAPHY IN HALOTHANE ANAESTHESIA. Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 1964, Volume: 8 Topics: Anesthesia; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Atropine; Blood Gas Analysis; Blood Pressure; Carbon Dioxide; El	1964
THE EFFECT OF HYPERVENTILATION OF "EXCESS LACTATE" PRODUCTION DURING ANAESTHESIA. British journal of anaesthesia, 1965, Volume: 37 Topics: Acid-Base Equilibrium; Anesthesia; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthesiology; Hyperventilation; Lactate	1965
[The effects of hyperventilation upon spinal dorsal horn neuronal single-unit activities under nitrous oxide anesthesia]. Masui. The Japanese journal of anesthesiology, 2005, Volume: 54, Issue:7 Topics: Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Animals; Cats; Female; Hyperventilation; Male; Nitr	2005
Arterial oxygen tension during anaesthesia. Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. Supplementum, 1966, Volume: 23 Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Arteries; Curare; Humans; Hyperventilation; Middle	1966
Circulatory influences of artificial ventilation during nitrous oxide anaesthesia in man. II. Results: the relative influence of mean intrathoracic pressure and arterial carbon dioxide tension. British journal of anaesthesia, 1967, Volume: 39, Issue:7 Topics: Anesthesia, Inhalation; Blood Pressure Determination; Carbon Dioxide; Cardiac Output; Hemodynamics;	1967
[Alloferin in hyperventilation anesthesia with nitrous oxide]. Bulletin der Schweizerischen Akademie der Medizinischen Wissenschaften, 1967, Volume: 23, Issue:1 Topics: Anesthesia, General; Gallamine Triethiodide; Humans; Hyperventilation; Neostigmine; Nitrous Oxide; T	1967
Influence of 1% enflurane (Ethrane) anesthesia on regional cerebral blood flow repartition under normo-and hyperventilation. Acta anaesthesiologica Belgica, 1980, Volume: 31 Suppl Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Brain Injuries; Carbon Dioxide; Cerebrovascular Circulati	1980
Effect of 1% enflurane (Ethrane) anesthesia on cerebral blood flow and metabolism in neurosurgical patients during normo- and hyperventilation. Acta anaesthesiologica Belgica, 1980, Volume: 31 Suppl Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Brain Injuries; Carbon Dioxide; Cerebrovascular Circulati	1980
Treatment of severe tetany due to hyperventilation during labour with a mixture of nitrous oxide, oxygen, and carbon dioxide. British medical journal (Clinical research ed.), 1982, Jul-10, Volume: 285, Issue:6335 Topics: Adult; Carbon Dioxide; Drug Combinations; Female; Humans; Hyperventilation; Nitrous Oxide; Obstetric	1982
Maternal hypoxaemia during labor. Padiatrie und Padologie, 1982, Volume: 17, Issue:2 Topics: Carbon Dioxide; Female; Humans; Hyperventilation; Hypoxia; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Meperidine; Nitr	1982
Hyperventilation reverses the nitrous oxide-induced increase in cerebral blood flow velocity in human volunteers. British journal of anaesthesia, 1995, Volume: 74, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Blood Flow Velocity; Brain; Carbon Dioxide; Cerebral Arteries; Female; Humans; Hyperventilati	1995
Effects of intraabdominal CO2 insufflation in the piglet. Journal of pediatric surgery, 1994, Volume: 29, Issue:9 Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Carbon Dioxide; Hemodynamics; Hyperventilation; Insufflation; Laparoscope	1994
Propofol anesthesia for cesarean section successfully managed in a patient with moyamoya disease. Journal of clinical anesthesia, 1998, Volume: 10, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Analgesia, Obstetrical; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthesia, Obstetrical;	1998
Effect of nitrous oxide on cerebral blood flow velocity after induction of hypocapnia. Journal of neurosurgical anesthesiology, 1998, Volume: 10, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, Closed-Circuit; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Blood Flow Velocity; Carbon Dioxide; Cer	1998
Somatosensory evoked potentials and analgesia in man. International anesthesiology clinics, 1975,Spring, Volume: 13, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Analgesia; Electric Stimulation; Electroencephalography; Evoked Potentials; Femal	1975
Intracranial pressure during recovery from nitrous oxide and halothane anaesthesia in neurosurgical patients. British journal of anaesthesia, 1975, Volume: 47, Issue:9 Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Female; Halothane; Humans; Hyperventilation; Intracranial Pressure; M	1975
Effects of nitrous oxide on cerebral haemodynamics and metabolism during isoflurane anaesthesia in man. Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 1992, Volume: 36, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Brain; Carbon Dioxide; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Electroencephalog	1992
Influence of nitrous oxide administration and discontinuation thereof on blood flow in cerebral cortex, cerebellum and brain stem in the rat. Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 1991, Volume: 35, Issue:8 Topics: Animals; Brain Stem; Carbon Dioxide; Cerebellum; Cerebral Cortex; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Femal	1991
Nitrous oxide sedation causes post-hyperventilation apnoea. British journal of anaesthesia, 1991, Volume: 67, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Air; Apnea; Carbon Dioxide; Conscious Sedation; Female; Humans; Hyperventilation; Male; Middl	1991
Hypoxaemia after inhalation of 50% nitrous oxide and oxygen. British journal of anaesthesia, 1989, Volume: 63, Issue:3 Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Adult; Female; Humans; Hyperventilation; Male; Nitrous Oxide; Oxygen; Ti	1989
[Uptake, distribution and elimination of inhalation anesthetics and its analysis by using a personal computer. III. Importance of avoiding voluntary hyperventilation for slow induction with N2O]. Masui. The Japanese journal of anesthesiology, 1986, Volume: 35, Issue:4 Topics: Anesthesia, Inhalation; Brain; Computers; Hyperventilation; Microcomputers; Models, Biological; Nitr	1986
Ventilation in patients anaesthetized for laparoscopy. Canadian Anaesthetists' Society journal, 1970, Volume: 17, Issue:4 Topics: Acidosis; Acidosis, Respiratory; Adolescent; Adult; Anesthesia, General; Carbon Dioxide; Electrocard	1970
The effect of combined respiratory and nonrespiratory alkalosis on energy metabolites and acid-base parameters in the rat brain. Acta physiologica Scandinavica, 1971, Volume: 81, Issue:3 Topics: Adenine Nucleotides; Adenosine Triphosphate; Alkalosis; Animals; Bicarbonates; Brain Chemistry; Carb	1971
[The effects of hyperventilation during nitrous oxide-oxygen anesthesia with and without halothane on human cerebral metabolism (author's transl)]. Kokyu to junkan. Respiration & circulation, 1974, Volume: 22, Issue:5 Topics: Anesthesia, Inhalation; Brain; Carbon Dioxide; Electric Stimulation; Electroencephalography; Halotha	1974
The effect of nitrous oxide on intracranial pressure in patients with intracranial disorders. British journal of anaesthesia, 1973, Volume: 45, Issue:5 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Blood Pressure; Brain Diseases; Carbon Dioxide; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Child;	1973
The effect of phenobarbitone anaesthesia upon some organic phosphates, glycolytic metabolites and citric acid cycle-associated intermediates of the rat brain. Journal of neurochemistry, 1973, Volume: 20, Issue:6 Topics: Adenine Nucleotides; Anesthesia, General; Animals; Brain; Carbon Dioxide; Citric Acid Cycle; Depress	1973
[Effect of nitrous oxide and hyperventilation on the cerebral evoked response]. Masui. The Japanese journal of anesthesiology, 1973, Volume: 22, Issue:1 Topics: Electroencephalography; Evoked Potentials; Humans; Hyperventilation; Nitrous Oxide	1973
The use of neuroleptanalgesia for induction of anesthesia. International anesthesiology clinics, 1973,Fall, Volume: 11, Issue:3 Topics: Acid-Base Equilibrium; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Blood Pressure; Calcium Chloride; Cardiac Output; Ch	1973
Monitoring cerebral blood flow and oxygen, glucose, lactate and ammonia metabolism. Circulation research, 1967, Volume: 21, Issue:5 Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Arteries; Bemegride; Blood Chemical Analysis; Blood Gas Analysis; Blood Glucose; B	1967
Cognitive function after hypocapnic hyperventilation. Anesthesiology, 1972, Volume: 37, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics; Auditory Perception; Carbon Dioxide; Cognition; Depression,	1972
Two-compartment analysis of the blood flow in the human brain. Acta neurologica Scandinavica. Supplementum, 1965, Volume: 14 Topics: Adult; Anesthesia; Arousal; Blood Flow Velocity; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Humans; Hyperventilati	1965
[Clinical trials of hyperventilation with mixtures of N2O-O2-air during surgery]. Minerva anestesiologica, 1968, Volume: 34, Issue:7 Topics: Air; Anesthesia; Humans; Hyperventilation; Nitrous Oxide; Oxygen; Surgical Procedures, Operative; Ve	1968
The effect of methoxyflurane on the foetus. British journal of anaesthesia, 1970, Volume: 42, Issue:4 Topics: Acid-Base Equilibrium; Analgesia; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Delivery, Obstetr	1970
Lamina-specific suppression of dorsal horn unit activity by nitrous oxide and by hyperventilation. The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, 1971, Volume: 176, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Cats; Depression, Chemical; Female; Hyperventilation; Lumbosacral Region; Male; Neurons; Ne	1971
Innovar as an adjunct to nitrous oxide, oxygen, curare anaesthesia. Canadian Anaesthetists' Society journal, 1971, Volume: 18, Issue:2 Topics: Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Adult; Aged; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Benperidol; Female; Fentanyl; Heart Rate	1971
Anaesthesia for internal mammary implant surgery. Anaesthesia, 1968, Volume: 23, Issue:4 Topics: Anesthesia, General; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Atropine; Cardiac Surgical Procedures; Humans; Hyperventi	1968
Anaesthetic technique for carotid angiography. The use of hyperventilation to improve the angiographic demonstration of intracranial tumours. Anaesthesia, 1968, Volume: 23, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Aged; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Blood Pressure; Brain Neoplasms; Carbon Dioxide; Carotid Arteri	1968
[Resumption of respiration after hyperventilation during anesthesia]. Masui. The Japanese journal of anesthesiology, 1968, Volume: 17, Issue:11 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anesthesia, Spinal; Blood Gas Analysis; Chemoreceptor Cells; Female; Haloth	1968
Postanesthetic initiation of spontaneous ventilation after passive hyperventilation. Anesthesiology, 1969, Volume: 31, Issue:3 Topics: Anesthesia, Inhalation; Animals; Bicarbonates; Carbon Dioxide; Dogs; Halothane; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion	1969
[Principles of modern general anesthesia with nitrous oxide and hyperventilation]. Vojenske zdravotnicke listy, 1965, Volume: 34, Issue:3 Topics: Anesthesia, General; Electroencephalography; Humans; Hyperventilation; Nitrous Oxide	1965
CO2 levels and pulmonary shunting in anesthetized man. Journal of applied physiology, 1966, Volume: 21, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, Endotracheal; Carbon Dioxide; Ethyl Ethers; Halothane; Humans; Hyperventilation;	1966
Physiological aspects of hyperventilation. International anesthesiology clinics, 1966,Winter, Volume: 4, Issue:4 Topics: Acidosis; Acidosis, Respiratory; Anesthesia; Bicarbonates; Brain Diseases; Carbon Dioxide; Craniotom	1966

nitrous oxide and Hyperventilation