nitrophenols and Fascioliasis

Topics: Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Fascioliasis; Madagascar; Nitrophenols; Nitroxinil

The effects of liver fluke infection (Fasciola hepatica) on hepatic microsomal UDP-glucuronosyl-transferase activity have been studied in microsomes from experimentally infected rats and naturally infected cattle to see if they explain the toxic episodes observed in parasite-infected animals subjected to intensive chemotherapy with the flukicidal drug oxyclozanide. Dramatic decreases in the activity of this enzyme system with the typical substrate p-nitrophenol were observed in both animal species, even when little or no degenerative lesions could be seen in the liver parenchyma. In vitro there was a similar loss of glucuronic acid conjugation of oxyclozanide by hepatic microsomes from infected cattle. In vivo this would result in slower elimination of the drug and in drug accumulation.

Topics: Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Fasciola hepatica; Fascioliasis; Feces; Glucuronates; Glucuronic Acid; Glucuronosyltransferase; Kinetics; Male; Microsomes, Liver; Nitrophenols; Oxyclozanide; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Salicylamides

Eight desert sheep were each infected orally with 500 metacercariae of Fasciola gigantica and, after 4 weeks, four of the animals were given niclofolan orally at the recommended therapeutic dose rate of 7 mg/kg, the other four remaining as controls. One week later, the animals were slaughtered and the fasciocidal effect of the drug was evaluated on the basis of worm burden, haemogram, some plasma constituents, and gross and histopathological lesions of the liver, as indicators of efficacy. The treatment was found to be ineffective, the degree of infection remaining the same as in the untreated control group. The experiment was repeated using eight infected sheep: four were given the drug orally at a dose rate of 10.5 mg/kg, i.e., 1.5 times the recommended dose; and the same parameters were measured as described above. The drug failed to cure the infected sheep, and caused depression, anorexia and weakness. In a third experiment six sheep were infected as before and three were treated with niclofolan by deep i.m. injection at the recommended therapeutic dose of 2 mg/kg. A week later the animals were killed and examined as before. The drug was effective in treating the infection and produced no untoward effects except for transient signs of pain at the site of injection. It seems possible that the oral dose, unlike the i.m. dose, of niclofolan is not absorbed and/or metabolized sufficiently to prevent elimination of the infection.

Topics: Animals; Fascioliasis; Niclofolan; Nitrophenols; Sheep; Sheep Diseases

In vitro metabolism by liver tissue of the flukicidal agent nitroxynil has been studied in cattle naturally infected with Fasciola hepatica. A dramatic impairment of the cytochrome P-450-dependent nitroxynil metabolism both in the acute and in the milder stage of the disease has been observed and this is due to a loss in the integrity and functionality of the cytochrome P-450 enzyme system. These results suggest that in bovine fascioliasis the in vivo metabolism of nitroxynil will be decreased with consequent increase of nitroxynil retention in the animal's body.

Topics: Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; Fasciola hepatica; Fascioliasis; In Vitro Techniques; Microsomes, Liver; Nitrophenols; Nitroxinil; Oxidation-Reduction

A new fasciolicide, triclabendazole, tested at single oral dose rates of 5 and 10 mg/kg body-weight, proved to be highly effective (greater than 99%) against chronic field infections of Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica in sheep. The performance of the new drug compared favourably with niclofolan at the recommended dose. Neither product was effective against Dicrocoelium dendriticum and Paramphistomum spp.

Topics: Animals; Anthelmintics; Benzimidazoles; Chronic Disease; Fasciola hepatica; Fascioliasis; Female; Niclofolan; Nitrophenols; Sheep; Sheep Diseases; Triclabendazole

Topics: Adult; Cholestasis, Intrahepatic; Fascioliasis; Female; Humans; Niclofolan; Nitrophenols

We report a case of human Fasciola hepatica infection. For the first time evidence is presented of successful treatment of fascioliasis by oral administration of niclofolan, a biphenyl anthelmintic compound that is available for clinical testing in West Germany. Niclofolan therapy achieved elimination of eggs from the feces and normalization of eosinophil counts, liver enzymes and Fasciola titers, suggesting eradication of biliary flukes in our patient.

Topics: Adult; Fascioliasis; Female; Humans; Niclofolan; Nitrophenols; Parasite Egg Count

Dovenix and Bilevon-injection (manufactured by SPECIA, France and BAYER, West Germany, respectively) were tested for their anthelmintic efficacy against Fasciola hepatica in cattle. The drugs proved highly effective against both adult and immature flukes. The faeces of the treated animals were negative for F. hepatica eggs when examined 91 days after the treatment. In experiments with rats Dovenix and Bilevon-injection were tolerated up to eight times and ten times higher doses than the normal therapeutic dose, respectively.

Topics: Animals; Anthelmintics; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Fasciola hepatica; Fascioliasis; Female; Niclofolan; Nitrophenols; Nitroxinil; Rats

Topics: Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Combinations; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fascioliasis; Nitrophenols; Phenanthridines; Sorbitol; Treatment Outcome; Trypanocidal Agents; Trypanosomiasis, Bovine

Topics: Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Combinations; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fascioliasis; Nitrophenols; Phenanthridines; Sorbitol; Treatment Outcome; Trypanocidal Agents; Trypanosomiasis

The authors tested the effectivity of the foreign preparations Nilzan (tetramisole ++ oxyclozanide) and Dovenix (nitroxynil) in the treatment of cattle and sheep naturally invaded by Fasciola hepatica. The effectiveness of the two preparations was evaluated on the basis of the results of coprological examination in the test and control animals prior to treatment and in two intervals after treatment. In slightly invaded cattle (the average egg number in 3 g of faeces in 28 test cows was 1.46 per animal) the last examination (4 weeks after treatment) showed 100-per-cent extenseffectiveness and intenseffectiveness of both preparations. When the test was finished in sheep (average number of eggs in 3 g of faeces in 45 test ewes--5.40 per animal) six weeks after treatment, the EE of Nilzan was 86.7% and IE 97.4%; in Dovenix EE was 93.4% and IE 99.0%. Both preparations were accepted well, without any side-effects or unfavourable phenomena related to their application.

Topics: Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Drug Combinations; Drug Evaluation; Fascioliasis; Feces; Female; Nitrophenols; Nitroxinil; Oxyclozanide; Parasite Egg Count; Salicylamides; Sheep; Sheep Diseases; Tetramisole

Topics: Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Fascioliasis; Injections, Intravenous; Niclofolan; Nitrophenols

Groups of sheep were experimentally infected with Fasciola hepatica and treated with nitroxynil at 10 mg/kg given subcutaneously at intervals of up to 70 days later. Effects on fluke burden, weight, morphology, egg production and hatchability were recorded. The results showed that the efficacy of nitroxynil and the occurrence of structurally abnormal flukes were directly proportional to the age of infection at treatment. Treatment also deleteriously affected fluke growth and egg hatchability and reduced faecal egg counts.

Topics: Animals; Fasciola hepatica; Fascioliasis; Feces; Female; Male; Nitrophenols; Nitroxinil; Ovary; Parasite Egg Count; Sheep; Sheep Diseases; Testis; Uterus

The activity is reported of 6 commerical fasciolicides and disophenol administered at doses of effective in sheep, against 6- and 12-week-old Fasciola hepatica in rats and rabbits and 6-week-old flukes in guinea pigs. Tests in rats and rabbits do not give a reliable indication of the activity of fasciolicides in sheep, but results with guinea pigs were closer to those in sheep. A comparison of the effective dose in rats and sheep indicates that tests in rats usually underestimate activity in sheep. The use of a simple egg count procedure in sheep to provide information on potential fasciolicides is described.

Topics: Acetanilides; Animals; Anthelmintics; Biphenyl Compounds; Chlorobenzenes; Drug Evaluation; Fascioliasis; Guinea Pigs; Nitriles; Nitrophenols; Rabbits; Rats; Salicylamides; Sheep; Sheep Diseases

Topics: Ancylostoma; Ancylostomiasis; Animals; Anthelmintics; Cats; Cattle; Dogs; Fasciola hepatica; Fascioliasis; Haemonchiasis; Haemonchus; Horses; Liver; Mitochondria, Liver; Necator; Nitrophenols; Oxidative Phosphorylation Coupling Factors; Phrenic Nerve; Poultry; Poultry Diseases; Rats; Sheep; Strongylida Infections; Strongyloidea

Topics: Acetanilides; Administration, Oral; Animals; Anthelmintics; Chlorobenzenes; Diet; Ethyl Ethers; Fasciola hepatica; Fascioliasis; Iodine; Male; Nitriles; Nitrophenols; Phenyl Ethers; Salicylamides

Topics: Anilides; Animals; Anthelmintics; Bromine; Catechols; Chlorine; Disease Models, Animal; Fascioliasis; Hexachlorophene; Iodine; Male; Mice; Nitriles; Nitrophenols; Phenols; Salicylamides; Sulfides

Topics: Alcohol Oxidoreductases; Animals; Anthelmintics; Digestive System; Fasciola hepatica; Fascioliasis; Glutamate Dehydrogenase; Goats; Kidney; Liver; Lung; Muscles; Nitriles; Nitrophenols; Sorbitol; Spleen

Topics: Animals; Anthelmintics; Biphenyl Compounds; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Fascioliasis; Nitrophenols

Topics: Animals; Anthelmintics; Biphenyl Compounds; Carbon Tetrachloride; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Chlorine; Fascioliasis; Hexachlorophene; Iodine; Nitriles; Nitrophenols; Phenols; Salicylamides

Topics: Administration, Oral; Alcohol Oxidoreductases; Animals; Anthelmintics; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Carbon Tetrachloride; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Chickens; DDT; Fascioliasis; Female; Glutamate Dehydrogenase; Hydrocarbons, Halogenated; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Kidney; Lethal Dose 50; Liver; Male; Muscles; Nitriles; Nitrophenols; Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase; Peritonitis; Phenobarbital; Sheep; Sorbitol

Topics: Amides; Animals; Cyanates; Fascioliasis; Iodides; Nitrophenols; Rabbits

Topics: Cyanates; Fasciola hepatica; Fascioliasis; Nitrophenols

Topics: Animals; Anthelmintics; Cattle; Fascioliasis; Nitrophenols; Protein Binding; Serum Albumin, Bovine; Spectrum Analysis

Topics: Animals; Anthelmintics; Fasciola hepatica; Fascioliasis; Isonicotinic Acids; Mice; Nitrophenols; Rats

Topics: Aged; Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Fascioliasis; Humans; Male; Nitrophenols

Topics: Animals; Anthelmintics; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Fascioliasis; Hexachlorophene; Nitrophenols; Phloroglucinol; Sheep; Sheep Diseases

Topics: Animals; Anthelmintics; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Carbon Tetrachloride; Fasciola hepatica; Fascioliasis; Hexachlorophene; Hydrocarbons, Halogenated; Male; Mice; Nitrophenols; Salicylates

Topics: Animals; Fascioliasis; Female; Male; Nitrophenols; Sheep; Sheep Diseases

Topics: Animals; Anthelmintics; Cattle; Fascioliasis; Nitrophenols; Rabbits; Sheep

Topics: Animals; Anthelmintics; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Drug Therapy; Fascioliasis; Hexachlorophene; Niclofolan; Nitrophenols