nitrogen-dioxide and Weight-Loss

Emerging experimental evidence suggests that air pollution may contribute to development of obesity and diabetes, but studies of children are limited.. We hypothesized that pollution effects would be magnified after bariatric surgery for treatment of obesity, reducing benefits of surgery.. In 75 obese adolescents, excess weight loss (EWL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA. Major-roadway proximity was associated with reduced EWL and less improvement in lipid profile and ALP after surgery. NO. Near-roadway, PM

Topics: Adolescent; Air Pollution; Alkaline Phosphatase; Bariatric Surgery; Child; Environmental Exposure; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Lipids; Male; Nitrogen Dioxide; Ozone; Pediatric Obesity; Prospective Studies; Treatment Outcome; Weight Loss

The populations residing near polluted sites are more prone to various types of diseases. The important causes of air pollution are the suspended particulate matter, respirable suspended particulate matter, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide. As limited information is available enumerating the effect of these pollutants on liver physiology of the population living near the polluted sites; in the present study, we tried to investigate their effect on liver of the population residing near the oil drilling sites since birth. In this study, a randomly selected 105 subjects (46 subjects from oil drilling site and 61 subjects from control site) aged above 30 years were taken under consideration. The particulate matter as well as the gaseous pollutants, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide, were analyzed through a respirable dust sampler. The level of alkaline phosphatase, alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase enzymes in serum were measured by spectrophotometer. The generalized regression model studies suggests a higher concentration of respirable suspended particulate matter, suspended particulate matter and nitrogen dioxide lowers the alkaline phosphatase level (p<0.0001) by 3.5 times (95% CI 3.1-3.9), 1.5 times (95% CI 1.4-1.6) and 12 times (95% CI 10.74-13.804), respectively in the exposed group. The higher concentration of respirable suspended particulate matter and nitrogen dioxide in air was associated with increase in alanine transaminase level (p<0.0001) by 0.8 times (95% CI 0.589-1.049) and by 2.8 times (95% CI 2.067-3.681) respectively in the exposed group. The increase in nitrogen dioxide level was also associated with increase in aspartate transaminase level (p<0.0001) by 2.5 times (95% CI 1.862-3.313) in the exposed group as compared to control group. Thus, the study reveals that long-term exposure to the environmental pollutants may lead to liver abnormality or injury of populations living in polluted sites.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Air Pollutants; Alanine Transaminase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Anorexia; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Environmental Exposure; Female; Humans; India; Liver; Male; Middle Aged; Nausea; Nitrogen Dioxide; Oil and Gas Fields; Particulate Matter; Probability; Spectrophotometry; Sulfur Dioxide; Weight Loss

Dry skin has been clinically associated with visceral diseases, including liver disease, as well as for our previously reported small intestinal injury mouse model, which have abnormalities in skin barrier function. To clarify this disease-induced skin disruption, we used a dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model. Following treatment with DSS, damage to the colon and skin was monitored using histological and protein analysis methods as well as the detection of inflammatory mediators in the plasma. Notably, transepidermal water loss was higher, and skin hydration was lower in DSS-treated mice compared to controls. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 and NO2-/NO3- levels were also upregulated in the plasma, and a decrease in body weight and colon length was observed in DSS-treated mice. However, when administered TNF-α antibody or an iNOS inhibitor, no change in skin condition was observed, indicating that another signalling mechanism is utilized. Interestingly, the number of tryptase-expressing mast cells, known for their role in immune function via cholinergic signal transduction, was elevated. To evaluate the function of cholinergic signalling in this context, atropine (a muscarinic cholinoceptor antagonist) or hexamethonium (a nicotinic cholinergic ganglion-blocking agent) was administered to DSS-treated mice. Our data indicate that muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) are the primary receptors functioning in colon-to-skin signal transduction, as DSS-induced skin disruption was suppressed by atropine. Thus, skin disruption is likely associated with DSS-induced colitis, and the activation of mast cells via mAChRs is critical to this association.

Topics: Animals; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Atropine; Cell Count; Colitis; Colon; Dextran Sulfate; Disease Models, Animal; Enzyme Inhibitors; Hexamethonium; Interleukin-6; Male; Mast Cells; Mice; Muscarinic Antagonists; Nicotinic Antagonists; Nitrates; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; Nitrogen Dioxide; Organ Size; Receptors, Muscarinic; Signal Transduction; Skin Diseases; Skin Physiological Phenomena; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Water Loss, Insensible; Weight Loss