nitrogen-dioxide and Weight-Gain

Previous studies have indicated that exposure to residential greenness may benefit the health status of pregnant women, and air pollution may exert a mediating effect. Gestational weight gain (GWG) is an important indicator of pregnant women and fetuses' health and nutrition status. However, evidence concerning the impact of residential greenness on excessive gestational weight gain (EGWG) is scarce, and to what extent air pollution in urban settings mediates this relationship remains unclear.. This study aims to explore the association of residential greenness with EGWG, consider the mediating effect of air pollution, and estimate the combined impact of residential greenness and air pollution exposures on EGWG.. This population-based cross-sectional study involved 51,507 pregnant women with individual-level data on residential addresses in the Wuhan Maternal and Child Health Management Information System. Two spectral indexes, the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and soil-adjusted vegetation index (SAVI), were used to proxy residential greenness. The air pollution data included six indicators (PM. Among all participants, 26,442 had EGWG. In the adjusted model, the negative association was found significant for NDVI. Exposure to a higher level of residential greenness is associated with a reduced risk of EGWG, in which air pollution may exert a mediating effect. Pregnant women might benefit more in gaining healthy gestational weight when greenness levels increase from low to medium than from medium to high. Given the current cross-sectional study design, large-sale prospective cohort studies are needed to confirm our findings further.

Topics: Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Child; China; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Gestational Weight Gain; Humans; Nitrogen Dioxide; Particulate Matter; Pregnancy; Prospective Studies; Weight Gain

Air pollution exposure may affect child weight gain, but observational studies provide inconsistent evidence. Residential relocation can be leveraged as a natural experiment by studying changes in health outcomes after a sudden change in exposure within an individual. We aimed to evaluate whether changes in air pollution exposure due to residential relocation are associated with changes in body mass index (BMI) in children and adolescents in a natural experiment study. This population-based study included children and adolescents, between 2 and 17 years, who moved during 2011-2018 and were registered in the primary healthcare in Catalonia, Spain (N = 46,644). Outdoor air pollutants (nitrogen dioxides (NO

Topics: Adolescent; Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Body Mass Index; Child; Child, Preschool; Environmental Exposure; Environmental Pollutants; Female; Humans; Male; Nitrogen Dioxide; Particulate Matter; Weight Gain

Childhood overweight and obesity is a global public health problem. Rapid infant weight gain is predictive of childhood overweight. Studies found that exposure to ambient air pollution is associated with childhood overweight, and have linked prenatal exposure to air pollution with rapid infant weight gain.. To examine the association between prenatal and postnatal ambient NO. We carried out a population-based historical cohort study using data from the Israeli national network of maternal and child health clinics. The study included 474,136 infants born at term with birthweight ≥2500 g in 2011-2019 in central Israel. Weekly averages of NO. The cumulative adjusted relative risk for rapid weight gain of NO. Prenatal and postnatal exposures to higher concentrations of traffic-related air pollution are each independently associated with rapid infant weight gain, a risk factor for childhood overweight and obesity.

Topics: Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Child; Cohort Studies; Environmental Exposure; Female; Humans; Infant; Nitrogen Dioxide; Particulate Matter; Pediatric Obesity; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Weight Gain

Short-term inhalation experiments were performed using Fischer 344 rats exposed to emission from the urea selective catalytic reduction (SCR) diesel engine system to identify health effects and compare them to those of the conventional diesel engine system. Rats were exposed to high-, middle-, or low-concentration emission (dilution ratio 1:29, 1:290, or 1:580) or clean air (control) for 1, 3, or 7 days (6 h/day), under driving conditions at a speed of 1320 rpm and a torque of 840 Nm. For the high-concentration group, the major components of the urea SCR emission were 0.04 mg/m(3) particulate matter (PM) and 0.78 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)); those of the conventional emission were 0.95 mg/m(3) PM and 0.31 ppm NO(2). The authors evaluated the respiratory effects of each emission on rats. Lymphocytes for 3-day exposure of both emissions significantly increased in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, but there were slight differences. With an increase in potential antioxidant (PAO), 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine for the urea SCR emission was significantly decreased, but that of the conventional emission was highest among all groups and did not show a response to PAO. In lungs, heme oxygenase (HO)-1 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha mRNA expressions for the urea SCR emission showed a tendency to increase compared to those of the conventional emission. Thus, gene analysis results suggested that NO(2) from the urea SCR emission affected the expressions of mRNAs in lungs. However, as a whole, the results suggested that the health effects of the urea SCR emission might be less than the conventional emission on rats.

Topics: 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; Air Pollutants, Occupational; Air Pollution; Animals; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Catalysis; Deoxyguanosine; Dithiothreitol; Lung; Male; Nitrogen Dioxide; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; Organ Size; Oxidants, Photochemical; Oxidative Stress; Particulate Matter; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; RNA, Messenger; Sulfhydryl Reagents; Trachea; Urea; Vehicle Emissions; Weight Gain

Wistar female rats were exposed to low concentrations of nitrogen dioxide, NO2 (1.5 and 3 ppm) from day 0 to day 20 of pregnancy. The results show that prenatal exposure to this oxidant gas produced significant changes in the duration pattern of ultrasonic vocalizations emitted by male pups removed from their nest. In particular, a significant decrease in the length of ultrasonic calls was found in both 10- and 15-day-old rats exposed to NO2 (3 ppm) during gestation. These alterations were found at dose levels which did not significantly affect reproduction parameters, body weight gain and motor activity development. These findings suggest that gestational exposure to NO2, at concentrations below those associated with overt signs of toxicity, induces in rat offspring subtle behavioral changes characterized by altered ontogeny of ultrasonic emission.

Topics: Aging; Animals; Female; Male; Motor Activity; Nitrogen Dioxide; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reproduction; Ultrasonics; Vocalization, Animal; Weight Gain