nitrogen-dioxide and Nervous-System-Diseases

Few studies have examined the link between air pollution exposure and behavioural problems and learning disorders during late childhood and adolescence.. To determine whether traffic-related air pollution exposure is associated with hyperactivity/inattention, dyslexia and dyscalculia up to age 15years using the German GINIplus and LISAplus birth cohorts (recruitment 1995-1999).. Hyperactivity/inattention was assessed using the German parent-completed (10years) and self-completed (15years) Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Responses were categorized into normal versus borderline/abnormal. Parent-reported dyslexia and dyscalculia (yes/no) at age 10 and 15years were defined using parent-completed questionnaires. Individual-level annual average estimates of nitrogen dioxide (NO. The prevalence of abnormal/borderline hyperactivity/inattention scores and parental-reported dyslexia and dyscalculia at 15years of age was 12.9%, 10.5% and 3.4%, respectively, in the combined population (N=4745). In the meta- analysis, hyperactivity/inattention was associated with PM. We report associations suggesting a potential link between air pollution exposure and hyperactivity/inattention scores, although these findings require replication.

Topics: Adolescent; Air Pollutants; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Child; Dyscalculia; Dyslexia; Female; Germany; Humans; Male; Motor Vehicles; Nervous System Diseases; Nitrogen Dioxide; Particulate Matter; Vehicle Emissions

The production of superoxide and nitric oxide individually has been associated with the development of several diseases but only recently has it been realised that interactions between them may also be important in disease pathology. The central hypothesis which is emerging is that the balance between nitric oxide and superoxide generation is a critical determinant in the aetiology of many human diseases including atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative disease, ischaemia-reperfusion and cancer. These ideas are discussed in this short overview and placed in the context of the current and future status of therapies which could modulate the balance between nitric oxide and superoxide.

Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Free Radicals; Humans; Inflammation; Neoplasms; Nervous System Diseases; Nitric Oxide; Nitrogen Dioxide; Reactive Oxygen Species; Superoxides

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of high levels of maternal exposure to ambient air pollution and heavy metals on risks of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and epilepsy using the National Health Insurance claims data of South Korea. The data of mothers and their newborns from 2016 to 2018 provided by the National Health Insurance Service were used (

Topics: Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Cadmium; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Lead; Maternal Exposure; Nervous System Diseases; Nitrogen Dioxide; Particulate Matter; Pregnancy

The search for an aetiology of central nervous system (CNS) lesions In HIV patients can be extremely challenging.. To establish the nature and character of CNS lesion according to the data of pathological examination of deceased HIV-patients who had an antemortem clinical diagnosis of unspecified encephalitis.. We analysed clinical and laboratory data of 225 HIV-patients admitted to the ICU at the Infectious Clinical Hospital №2 (Moscow, 2018). The principal diagnosis was unspecified encephalitis characterized by cerebral oedema. Had died 183 (67.9%) patients. We conducted pathological examination in 43 (23.5%).. CNS lesions occurred in 331 patients (58.8% of 563 ICU). The antemortem diagnosis established were as follows: 12.1% toxoplasmosis; 6.6% HIV-encephalitis; 5.1% CNS lymphoma; 3.6% cryptococcal meningoencephalitis; 3.0% cytomegaloviral diseases; 2.1% progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. The cause of the pathology remained unidentified in 225 patients (68% with CNS lesions). Majority of patients were ART-naive. Post-mortem verification was conducted in 29 (67.4%) deceased patients, of which HIV-encephalitis 34.5%, toxoplasmosis 10.3%, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy 3.4%. The nature of brain damage in the remaining 20.7% cases was not established even after post-mortem investigation. Productive lepto-meningitis 8 (27.6%), indicating a prolonged duration of the inflammatory process. In the brain 48.1% patients with subacute and productive changes, had a pre-hospital time of more than 30 days, in contrast to 11.1% of patients who had acute pathological processes in the CNS (p0.05). Autopsy didnt reveal any inflammatory changes in the brain in 14 (32.6%) patients, though cerebral oedema 93.3%, haemorrhagic syndrome 60% cases.. Accurate retrospective identification of the aetiology of CNS lesions combined with assessing in vivo characterisation of the pathological process plays an essential role in subsequent formation of diagnostic approaches in pathologies of the CNS in HIV-patients.. Обоснование. У больных ВИЧ-инфекцией наиболее сложным для этиологической расшифровки является поражение центральной нервной системы (ЦНС). Цель. Установление природы и характера поражения ЦНС по данным патологоанатомического исследования умерших больных ВИЧ-инфекцией с прижизненным диагнозом энцефалит неясной этиологии. Материалы и методы. Проведен анализ клинико-лабораторных показателей 225 больных ВИЧ-инфекцией, госпитализированных в 2018 г. в отделение интенсивной терапии ИКБ №2 с диагнозом энцефалит неуточненной этиологии, осложненный отеком головного мозга (ГМ). Умерли 183 (67,9%) пациента. Патологоанатомическое исследование проведено у 43 (23,5%) больных. Результаты. Поражение ЦНС имело место у 58,8% больных отделения интенсивной терапии. Прижизненно диагностировали: токсоплазмоз в 12,1% случаев, ВИЧ-энцефалит 6,6%, лимфому ЦНС 5,1%, криптококковый менингоэнцефалит 3,6%, цитомегаловирусную инфекцию 3,0%, прогрессивную мультифокальную лейкоэнцефалопатию в 2,1% случаев. У 225 (68% имевших поражение ЦНС) пациентов причина патологии осталась неустановленной. Антиретровирусную терапию большинство больных не получали. Посмертно этиология заболевания определена в 67,4% случаев (29 человек), в частности: ВИЧ-энцефалит в 34,5% случаев, токсоплазмоз 10,3%, прогрессивная мультифокальная лейкоэнцефалопатия 3,4%. В 20,7% случаев природа поражения ГМ осталась не установленной даже на аутопсии. В 8 (27,6%) случаях диагностирован продуктивный лептоменингит, свидетельствующий о длительности воспалительного процесса. У 48,1% больных с подострыми и продуктивными изменениями в ГМ догоспитальный период был более 30 дней в отличие от 11,1% пациентов с острыми патологическими процессами в ЦНС (p0,05). У 14 (32,6%) больных на аутопсии не отмечено воспалительных изменений в ГМ, но в 93,3% случаев имел место отек ГМ, в 60% геморрагический синдром. Заключение. Ретроспективное точное установление этиологии поражения ЦНС с оценкой прижизненных характеристик патологического процесса играет существенную роль в дальнейшем формировании диагностических подходов при развитии поражения ЦНС у больных ВИЧ-инфекцией.

Topics: Autopsy; Brain Edema; Encephalitis; HIV Infections; Humans; Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal; Nervous System Diseases; Nitrogen Dioxide; Retrospective Studies; Toxoplasmosis