nitrogen-dioxide and Hypertension--Pregnancy-Induced

Neonatal mortality and morbidity are often caused by preterm birth and lower birth weight. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and gestational hypertension (GH) are the most prevalent maternal medical complications during pregnancy. However, evidence on effects of air pollution on adverse birth outcomes and pregnancy complications is mixed. Singleton live births conceived between January 1st, 2000, and December 31st, 2015, and reached at least 27 weeks of pregnancy in Kansas were included in the study. Trimester-specific and total pregnancy exposures to nitrogen dioxide (NO

Topics: Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Birth Weight; Diabetes, Gestational; Female; Humans; Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced; Infant, Newborn; Kansas; Maternal Exposure; Nitrogen Dioxide; Particulate Matter; Pregnancy; Premature Birth

Gestational hypertension (GH), preeclampsia (PE), and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are common pregnancy complications and can result in maternal and prenatal morbidity and mortality. Air pollution exposure could adversely impact pregnancy complications; however, evidence remains limited in China, where ambient air pollution is relatively severe.. This study aims to examine the associations of GH, PE, and GDM with exposure to six air pollutants (PM. Leveraging a multicenter birth cohort study among pregnant women in 24 hospitals from 15 provinces in China, we obtained data for maternal characteristics and pregnancy outcomes. We generated ambient concentrations of the six air pollutants using a combination of chemical transport model simulations with monitoring data. We used multivariable logistic regression models to estimate the effects on pregnancy complications from exposure to six air pollutants in each trimester and the entire pregnancy.. Among the total 3754 pregnant women in this study, the prevalences of GH, GDM, and PE were 2.6 %, 11.2 %, and 0.7 %, respectively. GH risk increased 11.9 % (95 % CI, -8.5 %, 36.8 %) and 13.8 % (1.4 %, 27.8 %) per 10 μg/m. Ambient particulate matter pollution adversely affects GH, GDM, and PE among Chinese pregnant women. Since most regions of China still suffer from hazardous levels of air pollution, our findings indicate importance of better protecting pregnant women from the risk of air pollution.

Topics: Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; China; Cohort Studies; Diabetes, Gestational; Female; Humans; Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced; Maternal Exposure; Nitrogen Dioxide; Particulate Matter; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications

There is some evidence about the short-term effects of air pollutants on adverse pregnancy outcomes. The aim of this study was to determine the association between air pollutants and spontaneous abortion, stillbirth, gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes and macrosomia in Ahvaz, which is one of the most polluted cities in the Middle East.. Data on adverse pregnancy outcomes and air pollutants including ozone (O. The results showed that the SO. The results of this study suggest that some air pollutants are associated with spontaneous abortion, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes and macrosomia. This study further emphasizes the need to control ambient air pollution.

Topics: Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Carbon Monoxide; Diabetes, Gestational; Female; Fetal Macrosomia; Humans; Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced; Iran; Maternal Exposure; Models, Theoretical; Nitric Oxide; Nitrogen Dioxide; Ozone; Particulate Matter; Pre-Eclampsia; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Outcome; Sulfur Dioxide

Previous studies suggested associations between prenatal exposure to air pollution and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. We explored the associations between ambient concentrations of five major air pollutants during preconceptional and prenatal periods and three hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in Seoul, Korea, using a population-representative cohort.. We obtained heath and demographic data of pregnant women residing in Seoul for 2002-2013 from the Korean National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort. For mother's individual exposures to air pollution, we computed concentrations of particulate matter ≤10 μm in diameter (PM. Among 18,835 pregnant women in Seoul, 0.6, 0.5, and 0.4% of women developed gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, and preeclampsia requiring magnesium sulfate (Mg-preeclampsia), respectively. Although most odds ratios (ORs) were not statistically significant, we found increasing risk gradients with disease severity depending on the pollutant. There was the association between PM. We observed positive associations of exposure to some air pollutants before and during pregnancy with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy among the Korean general population. Future studies with refined exposure metrics should confirm our findings.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Carbon Monoxide; Cohort Studies; Databases, Factual; Female; Humans; Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced; Maternal Exposure; Nitrogen Dioxide; Ozone; Pregnancy; Republic of Korea; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Seoul; Sulfur Dioxide; Young Adult

Road traffic is a major source of air pollution and noise. Both exposures have been associated with hypertension in adults, but pregnant women have been less studied.. We examined single and joint effects of ambient air pollution and road traffic noise on pre-eclampsia and pregnancy-induced hypertensive disorders among 72,745 singleton pregnancies (1997-2002) from the Danish National Birth Cohort with complete covariate data and residential address history from conception until live born birth. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and noise from road traffic (Lden) were modeled at all addresses. Outcome and covariate data were derived from registries, hospital records, and questionnaires.. A 10-µg/m increase in NO2 exposure during first trimester was associated with increased risk of pre-eclampsia (n = 1,880, adjusted odds ratio = 1.07 [95% confidence interval = 1.01, 1.14]) and pregnancy-induced hypertensive disorders (n = 2,430, adjusted odds ratio = 1.07 [1.01, 1.13]). A 10 dB higher road traffic noise was also associated with increased risk of pre-eclampsia (1.10 [1.02, 1.18]) and pregnancy-induced hypertensive disorders (1.08 [1.02, 1.15]). For both exposures, the associations were strongest for mild pre-eclampsia (n = 1,393) and early-onset pre-eclampsia (n = 671), whereas higher risk for severe pre-eclampsia (n = 487) was not evident. In mutually adjusted models, estimates for both exposures decreased and only the association between NO2 and mild pre-eclampsia remained.. Road traffic may increase the risk of pre-eclampsia and hypertensive disorders in pregnancy through exposure to both ambient air pollution and noise, although associations with the two exposures were generally not found to be independent of one another. See video abstract, http://links.lww.com/EDE/B112.

Topics: Adult; Air Pollution; Denmark; Female; Humans; Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced; Nitrogen Dioxide; Noise, Transportation; Odds Ratio; Pre-Eclampsia; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Trimester, First; Severity of Illness Index; Vehicle Emissions

Previous studies suggested a possible association between fine particulate matter air pollution (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and the development of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, but effect sizes have been small and methodologic weaknesses preclude firm conclusions.. We linked birth certificates in New York City in 2008-2010 to hospital discharge diagnoses and estimated air pollution exposure based on maternal address. The New York City Community Air Survey provided refined estimates of PM2.5 and NO2 at the maternal residence. We estimated the association between exposures to PM2.5 and NO2 in the first and second trimester and risk of gestational hypertension, mild preeclampsia, and severe preeclampsia among 268,601 births.. In unadjusted analyses, we found evidence of a positive association between both pollutants and gestational hypertension. However, after adjustment for individual covariates, socioeconomic deprivation, and delivery hospital, we did not find evidence of an association between PM2.5 or NO2 in the first or second trimester and any of the outcomes.. Our data did not provide clear evidence of an effect of ambient air pollution on hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Results need to be interpreted with caution considering the quality of the available exposure and health outcome measures and the uncertain impact of adjusting for hospital. Relative to previous studies, which have tended to identify positive associations with PM2.5 and NO2, our large study size, refined air pollution exposure estimates, hospital-based disease ascertainment, and little risk of confounding by socioeconomic deprivation, does not provide evidence for an association.

Topics: Adult; Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Environmental Exposure; Female; Humans; Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced; Models, Statistical; New York City; Nitrogen Dioxide; Particulate Matter; Pregnancy

Exposure to ambient air pollution is linked to adverse pregnancy outcomes. Previous reports examining the relationship between ambient air pollution and Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy have been inconsistent.. We evaluated the effects of ambient air pollution on the odds of Hypertensive Disorder of Pregnancy and whether these associations varied by body mass index (BMI).. We conducted a retrospective, case-control study among 298 predominantly Hispanic women (136 clinically confirmed cases) who attended the Los Angeles County+University of Southern California Women's and Children's Hospital during 1996-2008. Trimester-specific carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), and particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter <10 μm and <2.5 μm (PM10, PM2.5) exposure were estimated based on 24-hour exposure level at residential address. Logistic regression models were fitted to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for two standard deviation increase in exposure levels.. Exposures to CO and PM2.5 in the 1st trimester were significantly associated with Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy, and these associations were modified by BMI. In non-obese women (BMI <30), 1st trimester exposures to PM2.5 and CO were significantly associated with increased odds of Hypertensive Disorder of Pregnancy (ORs per 2-standard deviation increase in PM2.5 (7 μg/m(3)) and CO (1 ppm) exposures were 9.10 [95% CI: 3.33-24.6] and 4.96 [95% CI: 1.85-13.31], respectively). Additionally, there was a significantly positive association between exposure to O3 in the 2nd trimester and Hypertensive Disorder of Pregnancy (OR per 15 ppb=2.05; 95% CI: 1.22-3.46).. Among non-obese women, 1st trimester exposure to PM2.5 and carbon monoxide are associated with increased odds of Hypertensive Disorder of Pregnancy.

Topics: Adult; Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Body Mass Index; Carbon Monoxide; Female; Hispanic or Latino; Humans; Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced; Los Angeles; Nitrogen Dioxide; Ozone; Particulate Matter; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Trimester, First; Retrospective Studies

Exposure to air pollution is associated with elevated blood pressure and cardiovascular disease. We assessed the associations of exposure to particulate matter (PM(10)) and nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)) levels with blood pressure measured in each trimester of pregnancy and the risks of pregnancy-induced hypertension and preeclampsia in 7006 women participating in a prospective cohort study in the Netherlands. Information on gestational hypertensive disorders was obtained from medical records. PM(10) exposure was not associated with first trimester systolic and diastolic blood pressure, but a 10-μg/m(3) increase in PM(10) levels was associated with a 1.11-mm Hg (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.43 to 1.79) and 2.11-mm Hg (95% CI 1.34 to 2.89) increase in systolic blood pressure in the second and third trimester, respectively. Longitudinal analyses showed that elevated PM(10) exposure levels were associated with a steeper increase in systolic blood pressure throughout pregnancy (P<0.01), but not with diastolic blood pressure patterns. Elevated NO(2) exposure was associated with higher systolic blood pressure levels in the first, second, and third trimester (P<0.05), and with a more gradual increase when analyzed longitudinally (P<0.01). PM(10) exposure, but not NO(2) exposure, was associated with an increased risk of pregnancy-induced hypertension (odds ratio 1.72 [95% CI 1.12 to 2.63] per 10-μg/m(3) increase). In conclusion, our results suggest that air pollution may affect maternal cardiovascular health during pregnancy. The effects might be small but relevant on a population level.

Topics: Adult; Air Pollution; Blood Pressure; Female; Humans; Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced; Netherlands; Nitrogen Dioxide; Particulate Matter; Pregnancy; Prospective Studies; Regression Analysis; Risk