nitrogen-dioxide and Dermatitis--Atopic

Atopic dermatitis (AD) poses a significant disease burden in adults. Environmental factors are essential in its pathogenesis.. Given the possible role of air pollutants in allergic diseases, it is worthwhile to summarize the effects of outdoor air pollution on adult AD.. We undertook a systematic review based on PubMed and EMBASE as of August 16, 2021, and found 20 relevant studies. A random-effects meta-analysis was carried out.. Regarding long-term effects (within months to years), traffic-related air pollution and particulate matter < 2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5, per 10 μg/m³ increment) are associated with the prevalence of adult AD (OR 1.40, 95%CI [1.24, 1.58] and 1.67, 95%CI [1.26, 2.21]). Exposures to PM2.5 and nitrogen dioxide are associated with incident AD, with ORs of 2.30 (95%CI: 1.25, 4.25) and 1.30 (95%CI: 1.04, 1.61) per 10 μg/m³ increment. In terms of short term effects (within days), exposure to particulate matter < 10 μm in diameter (PM10) and sulfur dioxide (SO₂) are associated with exacerbations of AD at lag day 0 based on those time-series studies, with an excessive risk of 2.9%, in particular, per 10 μg/m³ increment in SO₂ exposure. In addition, both short-term and long-term exposures to these air pollutants are associated with AD symptoms (eczema, pruritus, and sleep disturbance).. Outdoor air pollutants exert both short-term and long-term adverse effects on adult AD, contributing to its development, severity and exacerbation of symptoms. The influence of air pollution should be considered in the management of adult AD.

Topics: Adult; Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Dermatitis, Atopic; Environmental Exposure; Humans; Nitrogen Dioxide; Particulate Matter

Among the many risk factors for the development of atopic eczema (AE), the influence of air pollution has recently been discussed more often. A systematic review about this topic however is lacking.. Which effects of outdoor air pollution (particles, nitric oxides, sulfur dioxide, ozone or general traffic exhaust emissions) on AE can be demonstrated in a systematic analysis of available environmental epidemiologic studies?. All environmental epidemiologic studies on AE and air pollution found in the literature database PubMed were identified. The most important key figures of these studies were tabulated, the quality of evidence was graded and the studies described.. A total of 57 studies were identified. Only one of the 15 cross-sectional studies with a large-scale exposure assessment found a significant association between AE and air pollution. In contrast 23 of 30 studies with small-scale exposure assessment found a significant association between AE and traffic related emissions-especially from trucks. Of the 30 studies, 14 were cohort studies (1 adult, 13 birth cohorts). The sole adult cohort found an association with intrinsic AE. In the East Asian cohorts (all published since 2015), an association between maternal exposure to traffic-related pollution and incidence of AE in the offspring was found. This was less clear in cohorts from Europe/US or simply not investigated. In 5/5 panel studies (all from South Korea), symptom severity of AE was found to be significantly and positively related to outdoor air pollution.. In a systematic analysis of environmental epidemiologic studies about air pollution and AE rather good evidence was found that, based on small-scale exposure measurements, especially truck traffic emissions increased AE prevalence, while large-scale exposure to larger particles (PM10) or SO

Topics: Adult; Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Dermatitis, Atopic; Environmental Exposure; Female; Humans; Motor Vehicles; Nitrogen Dioxide; Particulate Matter; Sulfur Dioxide

Non-optimum weather conditions and air pollution have the potential to increase the risk of atopic dermatitis (AD), but the associations are rarely evaluated, especially in developing countries.. To investigate the independent influence and interaction effects of meteorological factors and air pollutants on the onset of AD.. Daily data on outpatient visits of AD were obtained from Shanghai Dermatology Hospital and comprised 34,633 patients during the period from January 2013 to December 2018. Meteorological conditions and air pollutant concentrations in Shanghai, China, during the 6-year period were collected. We applied the overdispersed generalized additive model and the distributed lag model to explore the short-term cumulative effects of environmental factors on AD.. AD symptoms were aggravated by extreme low temperature (1st percentile, 0.5°C) (RR = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.16-1.51) and per 10 unit decrease of humidity (RR = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.12-2.47). The increased concentration of air pollutants except ozone (O3) contributed to the increased risk of AD outpatients. A 10 μg/m3 increase in sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) were associated with 6.03% (95% CI: 2.29%, 9.91%), and 1.96% (95% CI: 0.46%, 3.48%) increase of AD outpatients. AD patients in the 8- to 17-year-old group were most susceptible to extreme low temperature, and patients in the 0- to 7-year-old group were most susceptible to air pollutants, including particulate matter (PM10), SO2, and NO2. Men were more sensitive to the effects of extreme low temperature than women, while women were more vulnerable to air pollutants. The adverse effects of SO2 and NO2 on AD can be enhanced significantly by the warm season or other pollutants.. Exposure to a lower temperature, lower humidity, and higher levels of air pollutants is significantly associated with increased risks of AD incidence. These impacts were more pronounced in children less than 7 years old, women, and warm seasons.

Topics: Adolescent; Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Child; Child, Preschool; China; Dermatitis, Atopic; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Nitrogen Dioxide; Outpatients; Weather

Atopic dermatitis (AD), chronic hand eczema (CHE), and urticaria are common inflammatory skin diseases among adolescents and associated with air quality. However, the synergistic effects of ambient air pollution and second-hand smoke (SHS) have been unclear. We conducted a cross-sectional study including 20,138 Chinese college students where dermatological examinations and a questionnaire survey were carried out. A generalized linear mixed model was applied for the association between individualized exposure of O3, CO, NO2, SO2, PM2.5, and PM10 and the prevalence of inflammatory skin diseases. Interactions between air pollutants and SHS were analyzed. As a result, CO, NO2, SO2, PM2.5, and PM10 were positively correlated with the prevalence of AD, CHE, and urticaria. Higher frequency of SHS exposure contributed to increased probabilities of AD (p = 0.042), CHE (p < 0.001), and urticaria (p = 0.002). Of note, CO (OR: 2.57 (1.16−5.69) in third quartile) and NO2 (OR: 2.38 (1.07−5.27) in third quartile) had positive interactions with SHS for AD, and PM2.5 synergized with SHS for CHE (OR: 2.25 (1.22−4.15) for second quartile). Subgroup analyses agreed with the synergistic results. In conclusion, SHS and ambient air pollution are both associated with inflammatory skin diseases, and they have a synergistic effect on the prevalence of AD and CHE.

Topics: Adolescent; Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; China; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dermatitis, Atopic; Environmental Exposure; Humans; Nitrogen Dioxide; Particulate Matter; Tobacco Smoke Pollution; Urticaria

Previous studies have reported numerous environmental factors for atopic dermatitis (AD), such as allergens and chemical stimulants. However, few studies have addressed the relationship between ambient air pollution and AD at a population level.. To evaluate the effect of air pollutants on medical care visits for AD and to identify susceptible populations.. In this time-series study conducted on 513,870 medical care visits for AD from 2012 to 2015 identified by reviewing national health insurance claim data in Incheon, Republic of Korea. Treating daily number of medical care visits for AD as a dependent variable, generalized additive models with Poisson distributions were constructed, which included air pollutant levels, ambient temperature, relative humidity, day of the week, national holiday, and season. Risks were expressed as relative risks (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) per interquartile range increase of each air pollutant.. Higher levels of particulate matter of diameter ≤10 μm (PM. This study suggests relationships of ambient PM

Topics: Adolescent; Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Dermatitis, Atopic; Humans; Male; Nitrogen Dioxide; Ozone; Particulate Matter; Republic of Korea

Epidemiological studies have shown an association between global warming, air pollution, and allergic diseases. Several air pollutants, including volatile organic compounds, formaldehyde, toluene, nitrogen dioxide (NO. Sixty AD patients ≥5 years of age (mean age: 23.5 ± 12.5 years), living in the Campania Region (Southern Italy), were followed for 18 months. The primary outcome was the effect of atmospheric and climatic factors on signs and symptoms of AD, assessed using the SCORAD (SCORing Atopic Dermatitis) index. We measured mean daily temperature (TOD), outdoor relative humidity (RH), diurnal temperature range (DTR), precipitation, particulate with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 10 μm (PM. The severity of AD symptoms was positively correlated with outdoor temperatures (TOD, DTR), RH, precipitation, PM. The results of the present study provide evidence that weather changes and air pollutions have a significant impact on skin reactivity and symptoms in AD patients, increasing the severity of the dermatitis. The knowledge of the single variables proportion on AD severity symptoms is important to propose alerts for exacerbations in patients with AD of each age. This finding represents a good starting point for further future research in an area of increasingly growing interest.

Topics: Adult; Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Dermatitis, Atopic; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Neural Networks, Computer; Nitrogen Dioxide; Ozone; Particulate Matter; Weather; Young Adult

We estimated the exposure to ambient air pollutants and analyzed the associations with allergic diseases. We enrolled 177 children with atopic dermatitis (AD) and 70 asthmatic adults living in Seoul Metropolitan Area, Korea, and followed for 17months between August 2013 and December 2014. Parents or patients recorded symptom scores on a daily basis. Exposure to particulate matter with a diameter <10μm (PM

Topics: Adult; Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Asthma; Child; Dermatitis, Atopic; Environmental Exposure; Female; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Male; Nitrogen Dioxide; Ozone; Particulate Matter; Seoul

We sought to determine the relationship between childhood eczema, climate, and environmental pollutants.. We analyzed data from the 2007-2008 National Survey of Children's Health including a representative sample of 91,642 children age 0-17 years and the 2006-2007 Environmental Protection Agency measurements of carbon monoxide (CO), nitrate (NO3 ), nitrogen dioxide (NO2 ), organic carbon (OC), sulfate (SO3 ), sulfur dioxide (SO2 ), particulate matter ≤2.5 μm (PM-2.5) and <10 μm (PM-10), and tropospheric ozone levels, and the National Climate Data Center measurements of relative humidity (%), issued UV index, outdoor air temperature, and precipitation levels.. In multivariate survey logistic regression models controlling for age, sex, race/ethnicity, household income, US birthplace, and history of moving to a new location, eczema was associated with higher mean annual NO2 (p = 0.008), SO2 (p = 0.006), SO3 (p = 0.0002), arsenic (p = 0.0007), nickel (p = 0.0002), lead (p = 0.03), vanadium (p < 0.0001), and zinc (p = 0.003), but lower NO3 (p = 0.002), OC (p = 0.03), PM-2.5 (p = 0.006), cadmium (p < 0.0001), copper (p = 0.004), and potassium (p < 0.0001). In contrast, moderate-severe eczema was associated with higher NO3 (p = 0.03), OC (p = 0.008) and PM-2.5 (p = 0.01), copper (p = 0.04), lead (p = 0.008), and zinc (p = 0.01), but lower CO (p = 0.03). Principal component analysis was used and identified 4 combinations of pollutants and climate factors occurring in the USA, of which 1 was associated with higher prevalence and two were associated with lower prevalences of eczema (p < 0.05).. Pollutants in conjunction with climate factors may differentially impact eczema prevalence and severity, some with apparent harmful effects.

Topics: Adolescent; Carbon Monoxide; Child; Child, Preschool; Climate; Dermatitis, Atopic; Disease Progression; Environmental Exposure; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Nitrogen Dioxide; Ozone; Particulate Matter; Prevalence; United States

The objective of the study was to analyze the relationship between air pollutants and the prevalence of recent symptoms of asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic eczema in schoolchildren aged between 6 and 7 years.. The prevalence of recent (previous 12 months) symptoms of allergic diseases was obtained by means of the questionnaire of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC), Spain, with the participation of 7 centers (Asturias, Barcelona, Bilbao, Cartagena, La Coruña, Madrid, and Valencia) and 20 455 schoolchildren aged between 6 and 7 years, from 2002 to 2003. The pollutant detection systems of the aforementioned centers provided the mean annual concentrations of sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and total suspended particulate matter.. The annual average concentration of SO2 showed a significant association with a higher prevalence of recent severe asthma (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] between level-1 and level-3 pollution, 1.32; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01-1.73), rhinitis (aOR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.39-1.75), and rhinoconjunctivitis (aOR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.45-2.00). The annual average concentration of CO was associated with a higher prevalence of rhinitis (aOR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.34-2.04), rhinoconjunctivitis (aOR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.31-2.37), and eczema (aOR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.17-2.04). The annual average concentration for NO2 and total suspended particulate matter showed inverse associations with the prevalence of nocturnal dry cough.. Findings suggest that air pollutants such as SO2 and CO increase the risk of recent symptoms of asthma and allergic rhinitis in schoolchildren aged between 6 and 7 years in Spain.

Topics: Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Asthma; Carbon Monoxide; Child; Cough; Dermatitis, Atopic; Female; Humans; Male; Meteorological Concepts; Nitrogen Dioxide; Particulate Matter; Prevalence; Respiratory Sounds; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial; Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal; Spain; Sulfur Dioxide; Urban Population

To evaluate the relationship between exposure to gaseous air pollutants (ozone [O3], carbon monoxide [CO], nitrogen dioxide [NO2], and sulfur dioxide [SO2]) socioeconomic status and the prevalence of symptoms of asthma, rhinitis and atopic eczema in adolescents.. A sample of 16 209 adolescents from São Paulo West (SPW), São Paulo South (SPS), Santo André (SA), Curitiba (CR), and Porto Alegre (PoA) were enrolled. Data on air pollutants and socioeconomic status were compared to prevalence of symptoms with the Spearman correlation coefficient.. Socioeconomic status was quite similar in all cities. The levels of O3 in SPW, SPS, and SA, and of CO in SA were higher than the acceptable ones. In relation to O3 and CO exposures, adolescents from SPW and SA had a significant risk of current wheezing, whereas living in SPW was associated with a high risk of rhinoconjunctivitis, eczema, and flexural eczema and living in CR to rhinitis. Exposure to NO2 was associated with a high risk of current wheezing in SPW and SA, and of severe asthma in SPW and PoA. Exposure to SO2 was associated with a high risk of current wheezing in SPW and SA, severe asthma in SPW and PoA, and nighttime cough, eczema, flexural eczema and severe eczema in SPW. Living in SPW, CR, or PoA was associated with a high risk of rhinitis, rhinoconjunctivitis, and severe rhinitis.. Although we did not detect a characteristic pattern for all symptoms evaluated or a specific air pollutant, our data suggest a relationship between higher exposure to photochemical pollutants and high prevalence or risk of symptoms of asthma, rhinitis, and atopic eczema.

Topics: Adolescent; Air Pollutants; Asthma; Brazil; Carbon Monoxide; Dermatitis, Atopic; Humans; Nitrogen Dioxide; Ozone; Rhinitis; Risk Factors; Socioeconomic Factors; Sulfur Dioxide

This study was conducted in order to determine the relationship between air pollution and the varying prevalence of allergic diseases in the city of Taichung and the rural town of Chu-Shan. We used questionnaires to screen children aged from 7 to 15 years in Taichung and Chu-Shan and compared the results from these 2 areas with the factors related to air pollution. The study included 11,580 children in Taichung and 2621 children in Chu-Shan. In Taichung, the prevalence of asthma was 7.0%, of allergic rhinitis 27.6% and of atopic dermatitis 3.4%. In Chu-Shan, the prevalence of asthma was 5.6%, of allergic rhinitis 21.8% and of atopic dermatitis 3.3%. We also collected data on the concentration of air pollutants in the 2 areas over a 1-year period from January to December 2001 and compared the average annual concentrations of various pollutants. Compared with Chu-Shan, Taichung had higher air concentrations of nitric oxide (NO; 11.47 +/- 4.75 vs 5.07 +/- 2.81 ppb), carbon monoxide (CO; 0.78 +/- 0.19 vs 0.59 +/- 0.12 ppm), nitrogen dioxide (NO(2); 24.99 +/- 6.8 vs 21.45 +/- 7.87 ppb) and sulfur dioxide (SO(2); 2.58 +/- 1.0 vs 2.44 +/- 0.88 ppb). Student's t test results showed that CO and NO were related significantly to the prevalence of allergic disease (p<0.005). The prevalence of both asthma and allergic rhinitis is higher in Taichung than in Chu-Shan, a finding that could be related to higher levels of some air pollutants in the urban location.

Topics: Adolescent; Air Pollution; Asthma; Carbon Monoxide; Child; Dermatitis, Atopic; Female; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Male; Nitric Oxide; Nitrogen Dioxide; Prevalence; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial; Risk Factors; Rural Health; Sulfur Dioxide; Taiwan; Urban Health

The impact of air pollution on asthma and allergies still remains a debate.. Our cross-sectional study was intended to analyse the associations between long-term exposure to background air pollution and atopic and respiratory outcomes in a large population-based sample of schoolchildren.. Six thousand six hundred and seventy-two children aged 9-11 years recruited from 108 randomly schools in six French cities underwent a clinical examination including a skin prick test (SPT) to common allergens, exercise-induced bronchial reactivity (EIB) and skin examination for flexural dermatitis. The prevalence of asthma, allergic rhinitis (AR) and atopic dermatitis was assessed by a standardized health questionnaire completed by the parents. Three-year-averaged concentrations of air pollutants (NO2, SO2, PM10 and O3) were calculated at children' schools using measurements of background monitoring stations.. After adjusting for confounders, EIB, lifetime asthma and lifetime AR were found to be positively related to an increase in the exposure to SO2, PM10 and O3. The adjusted odds ratios (aOR) per increase of 5 microg/m3 of SO2 was 1.39 (95% confidence interval (CI)=1.15-1.66) for EIB and 1.19 (1.00-1.41) for lifetime asthma. The aOR for lifetime AR per increase of 10 microg/m3 of PM10 was 1.32 (CI=1.04-1.68). Moreover, SPT positivity was associated with O3 (aOR=1.34; CI=1.24-1.46). Associations with past year symptoms were consistent, even if not always statistically significant. Results persisted in long-term resident (current address for at least 8 years) children. However, no consistent positive association was found with NO2.. A moderate increase in long-term exposure to background ambient air pollution was associated with an increased prevalence of respiratory and atopic indicators in children.

Topics: Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Asthma; Bronchial Hyperreactivity; Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dermatitis, Atopic; Environmental Monitoring; Epidemiological Monitoring; Female; France; Humans; Hypersensitivity, Immediate; Male; Nitrogen Dioxide; Ozone; Prevalence; Rhinitis; Schools; Skin Tests; Sulfur Dioxide; Vehicle Emissions

This study examined indoor nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations in Ashford, Kent (UK), Menorca Island and Barcelona city (Spain) and the contribution of their most important indoor determinants (e.g. gas combustion appliances and cigarette smoking). The homes examined (n = 1421) were those from infants recruited for the Asthma Multicentre Infants Cohort Study, which aimed to assess, using a standard protocol, the effects of pre- and post-natal environmental exposures in the inception of atopy and asthma. Indoor NO2 was measured using passive filter badges placed on a living room wall of the homes for between 7 and 15 days. Homes in the three centers had significantly different concentrations of indoor NO2, with those in Barcelona showing the highest levels (median NO2 levels: 5.79, 6.06 and 23.87 p.p.b. in Ashford, Menorca and Barcelona, respectively). Multiple regression analysis showed that the principal indoor determinants of NO2 concentrations in the three cohorts were the heating/cooking fuel used in the house (gas fire increased average NO2 concentrations by 1.27-fold and gas cooker by 2.13 times), parental cigarette smoking and season of measurement. Those variables significantly related to indoor NO(2) accounted for 23, 14 and 39% of the variation in indoor NO2 concentration in Ashford, Barcelona and Menorca, respectively. In all the cohorts combined, 52% of the variation could be explained in this way. Although outdoor NO2 was not measured concurrently, its additional contribution was estimated. In conclusion, despite differences in indoor NO2 mean concentrations probably reflecting different outdoor NO2 level, home factors affecting indoor NO2 values and their specific contributions were constant across the three cohorts.. This study found that principal determinants associated to indoor NO2 in three different sites of Europe: Ashford (UK), Barcelona and Menorca (Spain) were the energy source present in the home and cigarette smoking, despite these areas presented different climates, levels of outdoor contamination, housing characteristics and ventilation behavior. It is suggested that interventions in homes of these three centers will need to address principally cigarette smoking and gas combustion appliances. These latter factors require institutional intervention, while cigarette smoking mainly require personal changes.

Topics: Adult; Air Pollutants; Air Pollution, Indoor; Asthma; Cohort Studies; Cooking; Dermatitis, Atopic; Europe; Female; Housing; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Nitrogen Dioxide; Seasons; Tobacco Smoke Pollution; Ventilation

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Air Pollutants; Blood Proteins; Body Water; Case-Control Studies; Dermatitis, Atopic; Eosinophil Granule Proteins; Female; Formaldehyde; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nitrogen Dioxide; Receptors, Interleukin-2; Ribonucleases; Skin

The effect of ambient NO2 on lung function was investigated in a sample of 423 schoolchildren. At each of four locations NO2 was monitored continuously. Over a 6-month period from January to June 1990 two surveys were performed and spirometry recorded each time for each child. Linear regression was used to estimate the effect of NO2 for different time intervals preceding lung function testing. A decrease of NO2 between surveys was significantly associated with a higher forced vital capacity (FVC) at the second survey. For each microgram/m3 NO2 decrease the model predicted an increase in FVC of 1.5 ml [for the 2-hr mean (P < 0.05)] and 3.1 ml [for the 12-hr mean (P < 0.01)]. We conclude that even at NO2 levels below current air-quality standards children demonstrate significant changes in lung function.

Topics: Air Pollutants; Austria; Child; Dermatitis, Atopic; Female; Humans; Lung Diseases; Male; Models, Biological; Nitrogen Dioxide; Respiratory Function Tests; Vital Capacity