nitrogen-dioxide and Coronary-Disease

Epidemiological studies of air pollution on cardiovascular health show associations of cardiac mortality and admissions with exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)) at low concentrations. These associations could be causal or NO(2) could be acting as a surrogate measure for another air pollutant, most likely ultrafine particles. No studies of cardiac susceptibility to acute exposure to NO(2) have been undertaken.. Randomised controlled exposures to NO(2) (400 ppb for 1 h) and air in subjects with coronary heart disease and impaired left ventricular systolic function not taking β adrenoceptor blocking drugs.. There were no significant changes in heart rate, blood pressure, leucocyte coping capacity or any heart rate variability measure following NO(2) exposure compared with air.. These findings suggest that NO(2) does not affect heart rate variability at these concentrations (which are high for urban background levels) and in the absence of other pollutants. While a synergistic effect has not been ruled out, these data lend support to the idea that the epidemiological data associating cardiac outcomes with NO(2) are more likely due to an associated pollutant rather than NO(2) itself.

Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Aged; Air; Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Coronary Disease; Environmental Exposure; Female; Heart; Heart Rate; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nitrogen Dioxide; Particle Size; Particulate Matter; Single-Blind Method; Systole; Ventricular Function, Left

To investigate correlations between environmental and meteorological factors and frequency of presentation for coronary heart disease (CHD) in Beijing. Daily measurements of levels of six atmospheric pollutants were made, data relating to meteorological conditions collected, and CHD-related outpatient visits recorded from January 2015 to December 2019 in Beijing. A time-series analysis was made, using a generalized additive model with Poisson distribution, and R 3.6.3 software was used to estimate relationships among levels of atmospheric pollutants, ambient temperature, and visits occasioned by CHD. Results were controlled for time-dependent trend, other weather variables, day of the week, and holiday effects. Lag-response curves were plotted for specific and incremental cumulative effects of relative risk (RR). The aim was to correlate meteorological-environmental factors and the daily number of CHD-related hospital visits and to quantify the degree of correlation to identify any pathological associations. Response diagrams and three-dimensional diagrams of predicted exposure lag effects were constructed in order to evaluate relationships among the parameters of air pollution, temperature, and daily CHD visits. The fitted model was employed to predict the lag RR and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for specific and incremental cumulative effects of random air pollutants at random concentrations. This model may then be used to predict effects on the outcome variable at any concentration of any defined pollutant, giving flexibility for public health purposes. The overall lag-response RR curves for the specific cumulative effects of the pollutants, particulate matter (PM)2.5, PM10, SO

Topics: Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Beijing; China; Coronary Disease; Environmental Pollutants; Hospitals; Humans; Nitrogen Dioxide; Particulate Matter

The aim: To determine changes in endothelial dysfunction and immunological response in patients with rheumatoid arthritis with and without coronary heart disease.. Materials and methods: The study involved 151 patients with RA and coronary heart disease. The ED was assessed by examining the NO system in RA for determination of the content in the blood of the product of NO synthase - the final metabolites of NO2- and NO3- and the level of VEGF and CD28 in the serum.. Results: The results of the study of the levels of metabolites NO2- and NO3- in the first and second groups showed their increased content. Analysis of the content of VEGF in the blood for patients with different durations of the disease showed that the concentration of the studied protein grows larger with increasing duration of the disease. The maximum of sCD28 concentration was found in middle-aged patients, and the minimum (the difference was significant) - in the elderly.. Conclusions: As the duration of the disease increases, the content of VEGF in the blood of patients increases, which, at the same time, did not show age dependence on RA and did not change further with concomitant coronary heart disease. Detected concentrations of sCD28 are higher in patients with less prolonged RA, and begin to decrease with increasing duration of the disease.

Topics: Aged; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; CD28 Antigens; Coronary Disease; Humans; Immunity; Middle Aged; Myocardial Ischemia; Nitrogen Dioxide; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A

Communities need to efficiently estimate the burden from specific pollutants and identify those most at risk to make timely informed policy decisions. We developed a risk-based model to estimate the burden of black carbon (BC) and nitrogen dioxide (NO. Exposure estimates in census tracts were modeled via land use regression and analyzed in relation to US Census data. Tracts were ranked into quartiles of exposure (Q1-Q4). A risk-based model for estimating the CHD burden attributed to BC and NO. For both pollutants, the relative occurrence of EJ tracts (> 20% poverty and/or > 30% non-white minority) in Q2 - Q4 compared to Q1 progressively increased and reached a maximum in Q4. EJ tracts were 4 to 25 times more likely to be in the highest quartile of exposure compared to the lowest quartile for BC and NO. We have combined a risk-based model with spatially resolved long-term exposure estimates to predict CHD burden from air pollution at the census tract level. It provides quantitative estimates of effects that can be used to assess possible health disparities, track temporal changes, and inform timely local community policy decisions. Such an approach can be further expanded to include other pollutants and adverse health endpoints.

Topics: Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Coronary Disease; Cost of Illness; Environmental Exposure; Models, Theoretical; Nitrogen Dioxide; Pennsylvania; Poverty Areas; Risk Assessment; Soot; Vehicle Emissions

Few studies have evaluated the effects of ambient air pollution and temperature in triggering out-of-hospital coronary deaths (OHCDs) in China. We evaluated the associations of air pollution and temperature with daily OHCDs in Shanghai, China from 2006 to 2011. We applied an over-dispersed generalized additive model and a distributed lag nonlinear model to analyze the effects of air pollution and temperature, respectively. A 10 μg/m(3) increase in the present-day PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2 and CO were associated with increases in OHCD mortality of 0.49%, 0.68%, 0.88%, 1.60% and 0.08%, respectively. A 1 °C decrease below the minimum-mortality temperature corresponded to a 3.81% increase in OHCD mortality on lags days 0-21, and a 1 °C increase above minimum-mortality temperature corresponded to a 4.61% increase over lag days 0-3. No effects were found for in-hospital coronary deaths. This analysis suggests that air pollution, low temperature and high temperature may increase the risk of OHCDs.

Topics: Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Carbon Monoxide; China; Cities; Coronary Disease; Humans; Models, Theoretical; Nitrogen Dioxide; Particulate Matter; Sulfur Dioxide; Temperature

Air pollution can be a contributing cause to the development and exacerbation of coronary heart disease (CHD), but there is little knowledge about the acute effects of air pollution on different clinical subtypes of CHD.. We conducted a time-series study to investigate the association of air pollution (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter < 10 µm [PM10], sulfur dioxide [SO2], and nitrogen dioxide [NO2]) on emergency department (ED) visits due to five different subtypes of CHD in Shanghai, China, from 2010 to 2012. We applied an over-dispersed Poisson generalized addictive model to analyze the associations after controlling for the seasonality, day of the week, and weather conditions.. We identified a total of 47 523 ED visits for CHD. A 10-µg/m(3) increase in the present-day concentrations of PM10, SO2, and NO2 was associated with respective increases of 1.10% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.33%-1.87%), 0.90% (95% CI -0.14%-1.93%), and 1.44% (95% CI 0.63%-2.26%) for total ED visits for CHD. These associations varied greatly by clinical type, with strong effects on sudden cardiac death, moderate effects on acute myocardial infarction and angina, weak effects on ischemic cardiomyopathy, and no effect on occult CHD. The associations were stronger among people aged 65 years or more than in younger individuals and in the cool season versus the warm one.. Outdoor air pollution may have different effects of air pollution on 5 subtypes of CHD. Our results might be useful for the primary prevention of various subtypes of CHD exacerbated by air pollution.

Topics: Aged; Air Pollution; China; Coronary Disease; Emergency Service, Hospital; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nitrogen Dioxide; Particulate Matter; Seasons; Sulfur Dioxide; Time Factors; Weather

To quantitatively explore the effect of air pollution on coronary heart disease mortality in Tianjin.. Mortality data in 2001 - 2009 were from Tianjin mortality surveillance system operated by the Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention while data related to meteorology and air pollution were from the Tianjin Meteorological Bureau and Tianjin Environmental Monitoring Station, respectively. Generalized Additive Model (GAM) extended Poisson regression was used to examine the relationship between air pollution and mortality in Tianjin, under the controlling of time trends, weather, the day of week and population etc.. The crude coronary heart disease mortality in Tianjin increased from year 2001 to 2009, from 105.12/100 000 to 167.03/100 000. The standardized mortality rate of 96.07/100 000 to 105.11/100 000. Air pollutants was more strongly associated with coronary heart disease mortality. By single GAM analysis, a 10 µg/m(3) increase in SO2, PM10 and NO2, which accounted for 1.25% (95%CI: 0.75% - 1.75%), 0.65% (95%CI: 0.51% - 0.79%) and 1.04% (95%CI: 0.52% - 1.55%) increased in daily mortality. By multiple GAM analysis, a 10 µg/m(3) increase in SO2 and PM10 which accounted for 0.86% (95%CI: 0.60% - 1.12%) and 0.40% (95%CI: 0.06% - 0.75%) increased the daily mortality. NO2 was not significantly associated with coronary heart disease mortality rates, but factors as low temperature, low wind speed and population size were (P < 0.05).. from this study showed that air pollution was a risk factor for coronary heart disease mortality in Tianjin.

Topics: Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; China; Coronary Disease; Environmental Monitoring; Humans; Nitrogen Dioxide; Particulate Matter; Risk Factors; Sulfur Dioxide; Time Factors

Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated that exposure to road traffic is associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes.. We aimed to identify specific traffic-related air pollutants that are associated with the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) morbidity and mortality to support evidence-based environmental policy making.. This population-based cohort study included a 5-year exposure period and a 4-year follow-up period. All residents 45-85 years of age who resided in Metropolitan Vancouver during the exposure period and without known CHD at baseline were included in this study (n=452,735). Individual exposures to traffic-related air pollutants including black carbon, fine particles [aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 µm (PM(2.5))], nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)), and nitric oxide were estimated at residences of the subjects using land-use regression models and integrating changes in residences during the exposure period. CHD hospitalizations and deaths during the follow-up period were identified from provincial hospitalization and death registration records.. An interquartile range elevation in the average concentration of black carbon (0.94 × 10(-5)/m filter absorbance, equivalent to approximately 0.8 µg/m(3) elemental carbon) was associated with a 3% increase in CHD hospitalization (95% confidence interval, 1-5%) and a 6% increase in CHD mortality (3-9%) after adjusting for age, sex, preexisting comorbidity, neighborhood socioeconomic status, and copollutants (PM(2.5) and NO(2)). There were clear linear exposure-response relationships between black carbon and coronary events.. Long-term exposure to traffic-related fine particulate air pollution, indicated by black carbon, may partly explain the observed associations between exposure to road traffic and adverse cardiovascular outcomes.

Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Coronary Disease; Environmental Exposure; Environmental Monitoring; Epidemiological Monitoring; Female; Hospitalization; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nitrogen Dioxide; Nitrogen Oxides; Particulate Matter; Risk Assessment; Soot; Transportation

A longitudinal study investigating personal exposures to PM(2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)), and carbon monoxide (CO) for cardiac compromised individuals was conducted in Toronto, Canada. The aim of the study was (1) to examine the distribution of exposures to PM(2.5), NO(2), and CO; and (2) to investigate the relationship between personal exposures and fixed-site ambient measurements of PM(2.5), NO(2), and CO. In total, 28 subjects with coronary artery disease wore the Rupprecht & Patashnick ChemPass Personal Sampling System one day a week for a maximum of 10 weeks. The mean (SD) personal exposures were 22 microg m(-3) (42), 14 p.p.b. (6), and 1.4 p.p.m (0.5) for PM(2.5), NO(2), and CO, respectively. PM(2.5) and CO personal exposures were greater than central fixed-site ambient measurements, while the reverse pattern was observed for NO(2). Ambient PM(2.5) and NO(2) were correlated with personal exposures to PM(2.5) and NO(2) with median Spearman's correlation coefficients of 0.69 and 0.57, respectively. The correlations between personal exposures and ambient measurements made closest to the subjects' homes or the average of all stations within the study were not stronger than the correlation between personal exposures and central fixed-site measurements. Personal exposures to PM(2.5) were correlated with personal exposures to NO(2) (median Spearman's correlation coefficient of 0.43). This study suggests that central fixed-site measurements of PM(2.5) and NO(2) may be treated as surrogates for personal exposures to PM(2.5) and NO(2) in epidemiological studies, and that NO(2) is a potential confounder of PM(2.5).

Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Air Pollutants; Air Pollution, Indoor; Carbon Monoxide; Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; Coronary Disease; Environmental Exposure; Female; Filtration; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Middle Aged; Nitrogen Dioxide; Ontario; Particle Size; Statistics, Nonparametric

Panel studies have shown a consistent association between changes in the cardiac autonomic nervous system with particulate matters (PM) but less with gaseous pollutants. This study examined the linkage between nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and heart rate variability (HRV) in a susceptible population.. We recruited a panel of 83 patients from the National Taiwan University Hospital Cardiology Clinic to measure their 24-h HRV by ambulatory electrocardiography. Thirty-nine patients had coronary heart disease (CHD) and another 44 patients had more than one major CHD risk factor. Ambient concentrations of NO2, sulphur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO), ozone, and PM less than 10 microm in diameter (PM10) at each participant's close-by monitoring station were used to represent study participants' exposures. We used linear mixed-effects models to analyse the association between individual air pollutants and log10-transformed HRV, with key personal and environmental attributes and co-pollutants being adjusted.. We found that an increase in 10 ppb NO2 at 4-h to 8-h moving averages was associated with 1.5-2.4% decreases in the standard deviation of all normal-to-normal intervals (SDNN) in our participants. For every 10 ppb NO2 at 5 and 7-h moving averages, our participants' low frequency was decreased by 2.2 and 2.5%, respectively. In contrast, HRV was not associated with PM10, CO, SO2, or O3.. Increasing NO2 exposure was found to be associated with decreasing SDNN and low frequency in susceptible populations.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Air Pollutants; Coronary Disease; Electrocardiography, Ambulatory; Environmental Exposure; Female; Heart Rate; Humans; Incidence; Male; Middle Aged; Nitrogen Dioxide; Oxidants, Photochemical; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Taiwan