nitrogen-dioxide and Attention-Deficit-Disorder-with-Hyperactivity

Few studies have examined the link between air pollution exposure and behavioural problems and learning disorders during late childhood and adolescence.. To determine whether traffic-related air pollution exposure is associated with hyperactivity/inattention, dyslexia and dyscalculia up to age 15years using the German GINIplus and LISAplus birth cohorts (recruitment 1995-1999).. Hyperactivity/inattention was assessed using the German parent-completed (10years) and self-completed (15years) Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Responses were categorized into normal versus borderline/abnormal. Parent-reported dyslexia and dyscalculia (yes/no) at age 10 and 15years were defined using parent-completed questionnaires. Individual-level annual average estimates of nitrogen dioxide (NO. The prevalence of abnormal/borderline hyperactivity/inattention scores and parental-reported dyslexia and dyscalculia at 15years of age was 12.9%, 10.5% and 3.4%, respectively, in the combined population (N=4745). In the meta- analysis, hyperactivity/inattention was associated with PM. We report associations suggesting a potential link between air pollution exposure and hyperactivity/inattention scores, although these findings require replication.

Topics: Adolescent; Air Pollutants; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Child; Dyscalculia; Dyslexia; Female; Germany; Humans; Male; Motor Vehicles; Nervous System Diseases; Nitrogen Dioxide; Particulate Matter; Vehicle Emissions

Exposure to ambient noise and air pollution may affect the manifestation and severity of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). However, evidence is limited, and most studies solely assessed environmental exposures during pregnancy and early childhood.. To examine the longitudinal effects of ambient noise and air pollutants on ASD and ADHD symptom severity during adolescence and early adulthood.. Using a longitudinal design, we included 2750 children between 10 and 12 years old from the TRacking Adolescents' Individual Lives Survey (TRAILS) in the Netherlands, who were assessed in 6 waves from 2001 to 2017. ASD was measured by the Children's Social Behavior Questionnaire and the Adult Social Behavior Questionnaire. ADHD was measured by Child Behavior Checklist and the Adult Behavior Checklist. Ambient noise and air pollution exposures, including Ozone (O. We found evidence that higher levels of exposure to PM were associated with more severe ASD and ADHD symptoms. This association decreased over time. We did not observe any other consistent associations of noise or other air pollutants with ASD and ADHD severity.. The current study provides evidence for the negative impact of PM on ASD and ADHD symptoms. We did not find evidence of the negative health impact of other air pollutants and noise exposures on ASD or ADHD symptoms. Our study adds more evidence on the presence of associations between PM air pollution and neurodevelopmental diseases among adolescents and young adults.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Child; Child, Preschool; Environmental Exposure; Female; Humans; Nitrogen Dioxide; Particulate Matter; Pregnancy; Young Adult

Development and functioning of attention-a key component of human cognition-can be affected by environmental factors. We investigated whether long- and short-term exposure to particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter < 10 μm (PM. We investigated associations between air pollution and attention separately in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD, n = 187), a sensitive, at-risk population with impaired attention and in population-based typically developing children (TD, n = 465). Alerting, orienting, and executive aspects of attention were measured using the attention network test (ANT), while inhibitory control was measured with the continuous performance test (CPT). We assessed long-term exposure to NO. We found that long-term exposures to both NO. Exposure to air pollution, especially short-term exposure to NO

Topics: Adolescent; Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Case-Control Studies; Child; Environmental Exposure; Humans; Nitrogen Dioxide; Particulate Matter; Poland

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurobehavioral disorders in childhood globally. Between the two components of ADHD, hyperactivity disorder is more prevalent than inattention during early childhood. Although some investigations have implied a relationship between childhood ADHD and gestational exposure to air pollution, the evidence is limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between gestational exposure to air pollution exposure and hyperactivity disorder in childhood in a population-based birth cohort.. The Taiwan Birth Cohort Study started from all deliveries of Taiwan in 2005 by the birth registry, and recruited representative 12% of all mother-infant pairs by two-stage stratified sampling. At age of 8 years in each child, their main caretaker was inquired whether the child had ever received a hyperactivity diagnosis from a physician or other specialist, like special needs educator. Exposure to air pollutants during gestation was estimated through ordinary kriging based on data from air monitoring stations of Environmental Protection Administration, Taiwan. Logistic regression was used to determine adjusted odds ratios (aORs) of hyperactivity disorder in relation to air pollutants.. In conclusion, our study found childhood hyperactivity disorder to be positively associated with prenatal NO exposure. Further confirmation on potential hazardous effects of NO and investigation on potential mechanisms are warranted.

Topics: Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Child; Child, Preschool; Cohort Studies; Environmental Exposure; Female; Humans; Infant; Nitrogen Dioxide; Particulate Matter; Pregnancy; Taiwan

Long-term air pollution exposure has been suggested to increase the risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, the association between short-term air pollution exposure and ADHD-related outcomes is still unknown. We investigated the associations between short-term exposure to particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤10 μm (PM

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Child; Environmental Exposure; Female; Hospitalization; Humans; Male; Nitrogen Dioxide; Particulate Matter; Republic of Korea; Sulfur Dioxide; Time Factors; Young Adult

Exposure to air pollution during pregnancy may increase attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in children, but findings have been inconsistent. We aimed to study this association in a collaborative study of eight European population-based birth/child cohorts, including 29,127 mother-child pairs.. Air pollution concentrations (nitrogen dioxide [NO2] and particulate matter [PM]) were estimated at the birth address by land-use regression models based on monitoring campaigns performed between 2008 and 2011. We extrapolated concentrations back in time to exact pregnancy periods. Teachers or parents assessed ADHD symptoms at 3-10 years of age. We classified children as having ADHD symptoms within the borderline/clinical range and within the clinical range using validated cutoffs. We combined all adjusted area-specific effect estimates using random-effects meta-analysis and multiple imputations and applied inverse probability-weighting methods to correct for loss to follow-up.. We classified a total of 2,801 children as having ADHD symptoms within the borderline/clinical range, and 1,590 within the clinical range. Exposure to air pollution during pregnancy was not associated with a higher odds of ADHD symptoms within the borderline/clinical range (e.g., adjusted odds ratio [OR] for ADHD symptoms of 0.95, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.89, 1.01 per 10 µg/m increase in NO2 and 0.98, 95% CI = 0.80, 1.19 per 5 µg/m increase in PM2.5). We observed similar associations for ADHD within the clinical range.. There was no evidence for an increase in risk of ADHD symptoms with increasing prenatal air pollution levels in children aged 3-10 years. See video abstract at, http://links.lww.com/EDE/B379.

Topics: Air Pollution; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Child; Child, Preschool; Europe; Female; Humans; Inhalation Exposure; Nitrogen Dioxide; Particulate Matter; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects

Epidemiological studies have implicated air pollution in the causation of neurodevelopmental disorders, including attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but definitive evidence of this linkage is lacking.. We examined the association between cumulative exposure to air pollutants from birth to diagnosis, particularly particulate matter of <10μm (PM. We used the National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort (2002-2012), a population-wide health insurance claims dataset. A total of 8936 infants (age 0) born between January 2002 and December 2002 were followed-up for a 10-year period (2003-2012). ADHD was defined as per ICD-10 code F90.0. Exposure levels of PM. During the study period, ADHD occurred in 314 subjects (3.5%). With the increase in 1μg/m. Exposure to PM

Topics: Air Pollutants; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Child; Child, Preschool; Cohort Studies; Female; Humans; Incidence; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Nitrogen Dioxide; Particulate Matter; Republic of Korea

Min and Min (2017) conducted an epidemiological investigation that revealed further support of a link between exposure to air pollution and risk for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in childhood. We have previously reported that exposure to the agricultural and combustion pollutant, nitrous oxide (N

Topics: Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Humans; Nitrogen Dioxide; Particulate Matter; Risk

The available evidence of the effects of air pollution and noise on behavioral development is limited, and it overlooks exposure at schools, where children spend a considerable amount of time.. We aimed to investigate the associations of exposure to traffic-related air pollutants (TRAPs) and noise at school on behavioral development of schoolchildren.. We evaluated children 7-11 years of age in Barcelona (Catalonia, Spain) during 2012-2013 within the BREATHE project. Indoor and outdoor concentrations of elemental carbon (EC), black carbon (BC), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) were measured at schools in two separate 1-week campaigns. In one campaign we also measured noise levels inside classrooms. Parents filled out the strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ) to assess child behavioral development, while teachers completed the attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder criteria of the DSM-IV (ADHD-DSM-IV) list to assess specific ADHD symptomatology. Negative binomial mixed-effects models were used to estimate associations between the exposures and behavioral development scores.. Interquartile range (IQR) increases in indoor and outdoor EC, BC, and NO2 concentrations were positively associated with SDQ total difficulties scores (suggesting more frequent behavioral problems) in adjusted multivariate models, whereas noise was significantly associated with ADHD-DSM-IV scores.. In our study population of 7- to 11-year-old children residing in Barcelona, exposure to TRAPs at school was associated with increased behavioral problems in schoolchildren. Noise exposure at school was associated with more ADHD symptoms.. Forns J, Dadvand P, Foraster M, Alvarez-Pedrerol M, Rivas I, López-Vicente M, Suades-Gonzalez E, Garcia-Esteban R, Esnaola M, Cirach M, Grellier J, Basagaña X, Querol X, Guxens M, Nieuwenhuijsen MJ, Sunyer J. 2016. Traffic-related air pollution, noise at school, and behavioral problems in Barcelona schoolchildren: a cross-sectional study. Environ Health Perspect 124:529-535; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1409449.

Topics: Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Air Pollution, Indoor; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Male; Nitrogen Dioxide; Noise; Particulate Matter; Problem Behavior; Schools; Spain; Vehicle Emissions

The authors investigated the association of early-life exposure to indoor air pollution with neuropsychological development in preschoolers and assessed whether this association differs by glutathione-S-transferase gene (GSTP1) polymorphisms. A prospective, population-based birth cohort was set up in Menorca, Spain, in 1997-1999 (n = 482). Children were assessed for cognitive functioning (McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities) and attention-hyperactivity behaviors (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition) at age 4 years. During the first 3 months of life, information about gas appliances at home and indoor nitrogen dioxide concentration was collected at each participant's home (n = 398, 83%). Genotyping was conducted for the GSTP1 coding variant Ile105Val. Use of gas appliances was inversely associated with cognitive outcomes (beta coefficient for general cognition = -5.10, 95% confidence interval (CI): -9.92, -0.28; odds ratio for inattention symptoms = 3.59, 95% CI: 1.14, 11.33), independent of social class and other confounders. Nitrogen dioxide concentrations were associated with cognitive function (a decrease of 0.27 point per 1 ppb, 95% CI: -0.48, -0.07) and inattention symptoms (odds ratio = 1.06, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.12). The deleterious effect of indoor pollution from gas appliances on neuropsychological outcomes was stronger in children with the GSTP1 Val-105 allele. Early-life exposure to air pollution from indoor gas appliances may be negatively associated with neuropsychological development through the first 4 years of life, particularly among genetically susceptible children.

Topics: Air Pollution, Indoor; Alleles; Attention; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Child, Preschool; Cognition; Cognition Disorders; Gases; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genotype; Glutathione Transferase; Household Articles; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Linear Models; Longitudinal Studies; Neuropsychological Tests; Nitrogen Dioxide; Polymorphism, Genetic; Prospective Studies; Psychometrics; Risk Factors; Spain; Surveys and Questionnaires