nitrates has been researched along with Diabetic Retinopathy in 16 studies
Nitrates: Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical.
Diabetic Retinopathy: Disease of the RETINA as a complication of DIABETES MELLITUS. It is characterized by the progressive microvascular complications, such as ANEURYSM, interretinal EDEMA, and intraocular PATHOLOGIC NEOVASCULARIZATION.
Excerpt | Relevance | Reference |
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"To evaluate the effect of ubiquinone and combined antioxidant therapy on mitochondrial function in non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) in a randomized, double-blind, phase IIa, placebo-controlled, clinical trial." | 9.22 | The antioxidant effect of ubiquinone and combined therapy on mitochondrial function in blood cells in non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy: A randomized, double-blind, phase IIa, placebo-controlled study. ( Castellanos-González, JA; Martínez-Romero, EC; Miller-Arrevillaga, G; Miranda-Díaz, AG; Pacheco-Moisés, FP; Rodríguez-Carrizalez, AD; Román-Pintos, LM, 2016) |
"To evaluate the effect of ubiquinone and combined antioxidant therapy on mitochondrial function in non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) in a randomized, double-blind, phase IIa, placebo-controlled, clinical trial." | 5.22 | The antioxidant effect of ubiquinone and combined therapy on mitochondrial function in blood cells in non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy: A randomized, double-blind, phase IIa, placebo-controlled study. ( Castellanos-González, JA; Martínez-Romero, EC; Miller-Arrevillaga, G; Miranda-Díaz, AG; Pacheco-Moisés, FP; Rodríguez-Carrizalez, AD; Román-Pintos, LM, 2016) |
" Serum markers of inflammation (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein) and endothelial function (soluble intercell adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, E-selectin, endothelin-1 and total nitrite) were assessed using nephelometry, immunoassays and spectroscopy." | 3.81 | Circulating markers of inflammation and endothelial function, and their relationship to diabetic retinopathy. ( Jenkins, AJ; Nguyen, TT; Sasongko, MB; Shaw, JE; Wang, JJ; Wong, TY, 2015) |
"Changes in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) mRNA expression profiles and oxidative stress in the eye tissue microenviroment may have important roles in ocular neovascularization and permeability in proliferative diabetic retinopathy." | 3.78 | Investigation of ocular neovascularization-related genes and oxidative stress in diabetic rat eye tissues after resveratrol treatment. ( Alp, E; Aricioglu, A; Cumaoglu, A; Dogan, I; Ekmekci, A; Ergin, V; Menevse, A; Menevse, S; Yar, AS, 2012) |
"Ticlopidine, a thienopyridine that prevents the progression of diabetic retinopathy in humans, was recently shown to increase nitric oxide (NO) production in human neutrophils." | 3.72 | Effects of clopidogrel and ticlopidine on experimental diabetic ischemic retinopathy in rats. ( Arrebola, M; De La Cruz, P; de la Cuesta, FS; González-Correa, A; Martinez-Cerdán, E; Moreno, A, 2003) |
"The treatment with losartan ameliorated all of the above alterations." | 1.36 | Reduction of inducible nitric oxide synthase via angiotensin receptor blocker prevents the oxidative retinal damage in diabetic hypertensive rats. ( de Faria, JB; de Faria, JM; Rosales, MA; Silva, KC, 2010) |
"The 39 patients with type 2 diabetes included in this study were divided by stage of DR into 3 groups: group A, those without DR; group B, those with background/preproliferative DR; and group C, those with proliferative DR." | 1.32 | Basal serum nitric oxide levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and different stages of retinopathy. ( Biçer, N; Güner, G; Ozbay, D; Ozden, S; Tatlipinar, S; Yaylali, V; Yildirim, C, 2003) |
Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
---|---|---|
pre-1990 | 0 (0.00) | 18.7374 |
1990's | 0 (0.00) | 18.2507 |
2000's | 8 (50.00) | 29.6817 |
2010's | 7 (43.75) | 24.3611 |
2020's | 1 (6.25) | 2.80 |
Authors | Studies |
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Qutob, HMH | 1 |
Saad, RA | 1 |
Bali, H | 1 |
Osailan, A | 1 |
Jaber, J | 1 |
Alzahrani, E | 1 |
Alyami, J | 1 |
Elsayed, H | 1 |
Alserihi, R | 1 |
Shaikhomar, OA | 1 |
Divya, KM | 1 |
Savitha, DP | 1 |
Krishna, GA | 1 |
Dhanya, TM | 1 |
Mohanan, PV | 1 |
Shah, SF | 1 |
Jafry, AT | 1 |
Hussain, G | 1 |
Kazim, AH | 1 |
Ali, M | 1 |
Rivani, E | 1 |
Endraswari, PD | 1 |
Widodo, ADW | 1 |
Khalil, MR | 1 |
Guldberg, R | 1 |
Nørgård, BM | 1 |
Uldbjerg, N | 1 |
Wehberg, S | 1 |
Fowobaje, KR | 1 |
Mashood, LO | 1 |
Ekholuenetale, M | 1 |
Ibidoja, OJ | 1 |
Romagnoli, A | 1 |
D'Agostino, M | 1 |
Pavoni, E | 1 |
Ardiccioni, C | 1 |
Motta, S | 1 |
Crippa, P | 1 |
Biagetti, G | 1 |
Notarstefano, V | 1 |
Rexha, J | 1 |
Perta, N | 1 |
Barocci, S | 1 |
Costabile, BK | 1 |
Colasurdo, G | 1 |
Caucci, S | 1 |
Mencarelli, D | 1 |
Turchetti, C | 1 |
Farina, M | 1 |
Pierantoni, L | 1 |
La Teana, A | 1 |
Al Hadi, R | 1 |
Cicconardi, F | 1 |
Chinappi, M | 1 |
Trucchi, E | 1 |
Mancia, F | 1 |
Menzo, S | 1 |
Morozzo Della Rocca, B | 1 |
D'Annessa, I | 1 |
Di Marino, D | 1 |
Choya, A | 1 |
de Rivas, B | 1 |
Gutiérrez-Ortiz, JI | 1 |
López-Fonseca, R | 1 |
Xu, S | 1 |
Cheng, B | 1 |
Huang, Z | 1 |
Liu, T | 1 |
Li, Y | 1 |
Jiang, L | 1 |
Guo, W | 1 |
Xiong, J | 1 |
Amirazodi, M | 1 |
Daryanoosh, F | 1 |
Mehrabi, A | 1 |
Gaeini, A | 1 |
Koushkie Jahromi, M | 1 |
Salesi, M | 1 |
Zarifkar, AH | 1 |
Studeny, P | 1 |
Netukova, M | 1 |
Nemcokova, M | 1 |
Klimesova, YM | 1 |
Krizova, D | 1 |
Kang, H | 1 |
Tao, Y | 1 |
Zhang, Q | 1 |
Sha, D | 1 |
Chen, Y | 1 |
Yao, J | 1 |
Gao, Y | 1 |
Liu, J | 1 |
Ji, L | 1 |
Shi, P | 1 |
Shi, C | 1 |
Wu, YL | 1 |
Wright, AI | 1 |
M El-Metwaly, N | 1 |
A Katouah, H | 1 |
El-Desouky, MG | 1 |
El-Bindary, AA | 1 |
El-Bindary, MA | 1 |
Kostakis, ID | 1 |
Raptis, DA | 1 |
Davidson, BR | 1 |
Iype, S | 1 |
Nasralla, D | 1 |
Imber, C | 1 |
Sharma, D | 1 |
Pissanou, T | 1 |
Pollok, JM | 1 |
Hughes, AM | 1 |
Sanderson, E | 1 |
Morris, T | 1 |
Ayorech, Z | 1 |
Tesli, M | 1 |
Ask, H | 1 |
Reichborn-Kjennerud, T | 1 |
Andreassen, OA | 1 |
Magnus, P | 1 |
Helgeland, Ø | 1 |
Johansson, S | 1 |
Njølstad, P | 1 |
Davey Smith, G | 1 |
Havdahl, A | 1 |
Howe, LD | 1 |
Davies, NM | 1 |
Amrillah, T | 1 |
Prasetio, A | 1 |
Supandi, AR | 1 |
Sidiq, DH | 1 |
Putra, FS | 1 |
Nugroho, MA | 1 |
Salsabilla, Z | 1 |
Azmi, R | 1 |
Grammatikopoulos, P | 1 |
Bouloumis, T | 1 |
Steinhauer, S | 1 |
Mironov, VS | 2 |
Bazhenova, TA | 2 |
Manakin, YV | 2 |
Yagubskii, EB | 2 |
Yakushev, IA | 1 |
Gilmutdinov, IF | 1 |
Simonov, SV | 1 |
Lan, K | 1 |
Yang, H | 1 |
Zheng, J | 1 |
Hu, H | 1 |
Zhu, T | 1 |
Zou, X | 1 |
Hu, B | 1 |
Liu, H | 1 |
Olokede, O | 1 |
Wu, H | 1 |
Holtzapple, M | 1 |
Gungor, O | 1 |
Kose, M | 1 |
Ghaemi, R | 1 |
Acker, M | 1 |
Stosic, A | 1 |
Jacobs, R | 1 |
Selvaganapathy, PR | 1 |
Ludwig, N | 1 |
Yerneni, SS | 1 |
Azambuja, JH | 1 |
Pietrowska, M | 1 |
Widłak, P | 1 |
Hinck, CS | 1 |
Głuszko, A | 1 |
Szczepański, MJ | 1 |
Kärmer, T | 1 |
Kallinger, I | 1 |
Schulz, D | 1 |
Bauer, RJ | 1 |
Spanier, G | 1 |
Spoerl, S | 1 |
Meier, JK | 1 |
Ettl, T | 1 |
Razzo, BM | 1 |
Reichert, TE | 1 |
Hinck, AP | 1 |
Whiteside, TL | 1 |
Wei, ZL | 1 |
Juan, W | 1 |
Tong, D | 1 |
Juan, LX | 1 |
Sa, LY | 1 |
Jie, HFM | 1 |
Xiao, G | 1 |
Xiang, LG | 1 |
Jie, HM | 1 |
Xu, C | 1 |
Yu, DN | 1 |
Yao, ZX | 1 |
Bigdeli, F | 1 |
Gao, XM | 1 |
Cheng, X | 1 |
Li, JZ | 1 |
Zhang, JW | 1 |
Wang, W | 2 |
Guan, ZJ | 1 |
Bu, Y | 1 |
Liu, KG | 1 |
Morsali, A | 1 |
Das, R | 1 |
Paul, R | 1 |
Parui, A | 1 |
Shrotri, A | 1 |
Atzori, C | 1 |
Lomachenko, KA | 1 |
Singh, AK | 1 |
Mondal, J | 1 |
Peter, SC | 1 |
Florimbio, AR | 1 |
Coughlin, LN | 1 |
Bauermeister, JA | 1 |
Young, SD | 1 |
Zimmerman, MA | 1 |
Walton, MA | 1 |
Bonar, EE | 1 |
Demir, D | 1 |
Balci, AB | 1 |
Kahraman, N | 1 |
Sunbul, SA | 1 |
Gucu, A | 1 |
Seker, IB | 1 |
Badem, S | 1 |
Yuksel, A | 1 |
Ozyazicioglu, AF | 1 |
Goncu, MT | 1 |
Zhang, H | 1 |
Zhou, H | 1 |
Deng, Z | 1 |
Luo, L | 1 |
Ong, SP | 1 |
Wang, C | 1 |
Xin, H | 1 |
Whittingham, MS | 1 |
Zhou, G | 1 |
Maemura, R | 1 |
Wakamatsu, M | 1 |
Matsumoto, K | 1 |
Sakaguchi, H | 1 |
Yoshida, N | 1 |
Hama, A | 1 |
Yoshida, T | 1 |
Miwata, S | 1 |
Kitazawa, H | 1 |
Narita, K | 1 |
Kataoka, S | 1 |
Ichikawa, D | 1 |
Hamada, M | 1 |
Taniguchi, R | 1 |
Suzuki, K | 1 |
Kawashima, N | 1 |
Nishikawa, E | 1 |
Narita, A | 1 |
Okuno, Y | 1 |
Nishio, N | 1 |
Kato, K | 1 |
Kojima, S | 1 |
Morita, K | 1 |
Muramatsu, H | 1 |
Takahashi, Y | 1 |
Yirgu, A | 1 |
Mekonnen, Y | 1 |
Eyado, A | 1 |
Staropoli, A | 1 |
Vinale, F | 1 |
Zac, J | 1 |
Zac, S | 1 |
Pérez-Padilla, R | 1 |
Remigio-Luna, A | 1 |
Guzmán-Boulloud, N | 1 |
Gochicoa-Rangel, L | 1 |
Guzmán-Valderrábano, C | 1 |
Thirión-Romero, I | 1 |
Statsenko, ME | 1 |
Turkina, SV | 1 |
Barantsevich, ER | 1 |
Karakulova, YV | 1 |
Baranova, NS | 1 |
Morzhukhina, MV | 1 |
Wang, Q | 1 |
Gu, Y | 1 |
Chen, C | 1 |
Qiao, L | 1 |
Pan, F | 1 |
Song, C | 1 |
Canetto, SS | 1 |
Entilli, L | 1 |
Cerbo, I | 1 |
Cipolletta, S | 1 |
Wu, Y | 2 |
Zhu, P | 1 |
Jiang, Y | 1 |
Zhang, X | 1 |
Wang, Z | 1 |
Xie, B | 1 |
Song, T | 1 |
Zhang, F | 1 |
Luo, A | 1 |
Li, S | 1 |
Xiong, X | 1 |
Han, J | 1 |
Peng, X | 1 |
Li, M | 1 |
Huang, L | 1 |
Chen, Q | 1 |
Fang, W | 1 |
Hou, Y | 1 |
Zhu, Y | 1 |
Ye, J | 1 |
Liu, L | 1 |
Islam, MR | 1 |
Sanderson, P | 1 |
Johansen, MP | 1 |
Payne, TE | 1 |
Naidu, R | 1 |
Cao, J | 1 |
Yang, J | 1 |
Niu, X | 1 |
Liu, X | 1 |
Zhai, Y | 1 |
Qiang, C | 1 |
Niu, Y | 1 |
Li, Z | 1 |
Dong, N | 1 |
Wen, B | 1 |
Ouyang, Z | 1 |
Zhang, Y | 1 |
Li, J | 2 |
Zhao, M | 1 |
Zhao, J | 1 |
Morici, P | 1 |
Rizzato, C | 1 |
Ghelardi, E | 1 |
Rossolini, GM | 1 |
Lupetti, A | 1 |
Gözüküçük, R | 1 |
Cakiroglu, B | 1 |
He, X | 1 |
Li, R | 1 |
Zhao, D | 1 |
Zhang, L | 1 |
Ji, X | 1 |
Fan, X | 1 |
Chen, J | 1 |
Wang, Y | 1 |
Luo, Y | 1 |
Zheng, D | 1 |
Xie, L | 1 |
Sun, S | 1 |
Cai, Z | 1 |
Liu, Q | 1 |
Ma, K | 1 |
Sun, X | 1 |
Drinkwater, JJ | 1 |
Davis, TME | 1 |
Turner, AW | 1 |
Davis, WA | 1 |
Suzuki, Y | 1 |
Mizuta, Y | 1 |
Mikagi, A | 1 |
Misawa-Suzuki, T | 1 |
Tsuchido, Y | 1 |
Sugaya, T | 1 |
Hashimoto, T | 1 |
Ema, K | 1 |
Hayashita, T | 1 |
Mondal, LK | 1 |
Bhaduri, G | 1 |
Bhattacharya, B | 1 |
Sasongko, MB | 1 |
Wong, TY | 1 |
Jenkins, AJ | 1 |
Nguyen, TT | 1 |
Shaw, JE | 1 |
Wang, JJ | 1 |
Rodríguez-Carrizalez, AD | 1 |
Castellanos-González, JA | 1 |
Martínez-Romero, EC | 1 |
Miller-Arrevillaga, G | 1 |
Román-Pintos, LM | 1 |
Pacheco-Moisés, FP | 1 |
Miranda-Díaz, AG | 1 |
Madsen-Bouterse, S | 1 |
Mohammad, G | 1 |
Kowluru, RA | 2 |
Silva, KC | 1 |
Rosales, MA | 1 |
de Faria, JB | 1 |
de Faria, JM | 1 |
Khoobehi, B | 1 |
Chiroli, V | 1 |
Ronchetti, D | 1 |
Miglietta, D | 1 |
Thompson, H | 1 |
Ongini, E | 1 |
Impagnatiello, F | 1 |
Yar, AS | 1 |
Menevse, S | 1 |
Dogan, I | 1 |
Alp, E | 1 |
Ergin, V | 1 |
Cumaoglu, A | 1 |
Aricioglu, A | 1 |
Ekmekci, A | 1 |
Menevse, A | 1 |
Guo, Q | 1 |
Lu, J | 1 |
Pan, C | 1 |
De La Cruz, P | 2 |
Arrebola, M | 1 |
González-Correa, A | 1 |
Martinez-Cerdán, E | 1 |
Moreno, A | 2 |
de la Cuesta, FS | 1 |
Ozden, S | 1 |
Tatlipinar, S | 1 |
Biçer, N | 1 |
Yaylali, V | 1 |
Yildirim, C | 1 |
Ozbay, D | 1 |
Güner, G | 1 |
Gao, L | 1 |
Pulido, JS | 1 |
Hatfield, RM | 1 |
Dundervill, RF | 1 |
McCannel, CA | 1 |
Shippy, SA | 1 |
Salceda, R | 1 |
Hernández-Espinosa, C | 1 |
Sánchez-Chávez, G | 1 |
Oku, H | 1 |
Kida, T | 1 |
Sugiyama, T | 1 |
Hamada, J | 1 |
Sato, B | 1 |
Ikeda, T | 1 |
Guerrero, A | 1 |
Paniego, J | 1 |
Arranz, I | 1 |
Sánchez De La Cuesta, F | 1 |
Trial | Phase | Enrollment | Study Type | Start Date | Status | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Effect of Combined Antioxidant Therapy on the Levels of Oxidative Stress Markers in Aqueous and Vitreous Humor of Patients With Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy[NCT04071977] | Phase 2 | 40 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2020-03-25 | Completed | ||
Effect of Prolonged Combined Antioxidant Therapy Intake on Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction Markers in Patients With Diabetic Retinopathy[NCT03702374] | Phase 3 | 132 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2018-09-26 | Completed | ||
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024] |
1 review available for nitrates and Diabetic Retinopathy
Article | Year |
---|---|
Impact of dexamethasone and tocilizumab on hematological parameters in COVID-19 patients with chronic disease.
Topics: Acetaminophen; Acetylcarnitine; Acetylcholinesterase; Acids; Acinetobacter baumannii; Acinetobacter | 2022 |
2 trials available for nitrates and Diabetic Retinopathy
Article | Year |
---|---|
Impact of dexamethasone and tocilizumab on hematological parameters in COVID-19 patients with chronic disease.
Topics: Acetaminophen; Acetylcarnitine; Acetylcholinesterase; Acids; Acinetobacter baumannii; Acinetobacter | 2022 |
The antioxidant effect of ubiquinone and combined therapy on mitochondrial function in blood cells in non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy: A randomized, double-blind, phase IIa, placebo-controlled study.
Topics: Antioxidants; Catalase; Diabetic Retinopathy; Double-Blind Method; Female; Glutathione Peroxidase; H | 2016 |
The antioxidant effect of ubiquinone and combined therapy on mitochondrial function in blood cells in non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy: A randomized, double-blind, phase IIa, placebo-controlled study.
Topics: Antioxidants; Catalase; Diabetic Retinopathy; Double-Blind Method; Female; Glutathione Peroxidase; H | 2016 |
The antioxidant effect of ubiquinone and combined therapy on mitochondrial function in blood cells in non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy: A randomized, double-blind, phase IIa, placebo-controlled study.
Topics: Antioxidants; Catalase; Diabetic Retinopathy; Double-Blind Method; Female; Glutathione Peroxidase; H | 2016 |
The antioxidant effect of ubiquinone and combined therapy on mitochondrial function in blood cells in non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy: A randomized, double-blind, phase IIa, placebo-controlled study.
Topics: Antioxidants; Catalase; Diabetic Retinopathy; Double-Blind Method; Female; Glutathione Peroxidase; H | 2016 |
14 other studies available for nitrates and Diabetic Retinopathy
Article | Year |
---|---|
Biochemical scenario behind initiation of diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Retin | 2018 |
Circulating markers of inflammation and endothelial function, and their relationship to diabetic retinopathy.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Biomarkers; C-Reactive Protein; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, | 2015 |
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in retinal microvasculature: implications for the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Blotting, Western; Cattle; Cells, Cultured; Diabetic Retinopathy; Disease Progre | 2010 |
Reduction of inducible nitric oxide synthase via angiotensin receptor blocker prevents the oxidative retinal damage in diabetic hypertensive rats.
Topics: 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; Administration, Oral; Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; Animals; | 2010 |
Enhanced oxygen saturation in optic nerve head of non-human primate eyes following the intravitreal injection of NCX 434, an innovative nitric oxide-donating glucocorticoid.
Topics: Animals; Aorta; Dexamethasone; Diabetic Retinopathy; Intraocular Pressure; Intravitreal Injections; | 2011 |
Investigation of ocular neovascularization-related genes and oxidative stress in diabetic rat eye tissues after resveratrol treatment.
Topics: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetic Retinopathy; Eye | 2012 |
[The abnormal reaction to post methionine loading test in type diabetes with or without retinopathy].
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Retinopathy; Fasting; Female; Homocysteine; Humans; Hyperh | 2002 |
Effects of clopidogrel and ticlopidine on experimental diabetic ischemic retinopathy in rats.
Topics: 6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha; Administration, Oral; Animals; Clopidogrel; Diabetes Mellitus, Experim | 2003 |
Effect of reinstitution of good glycemic control on retinal oxidative stress and nitrative stress in diabetic rats.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetic Retinopathy; Glutathione; Hyperglycemia; Insulin | 2003 |
Basal serum nitric oxide levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and different stages of retinopathy.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Retinopathy; Female; Humans; | 2003 |
Capillary electrophoretic assay for nitrate levels in the vitreous of proliferative diabetic retinopathy.
Topics: Diabetic Retinopathy; Electrophoresis, Capillary; Humans; Nitrates; Reproducibility of Results; Vitr | 2007 |
L-arginine uptake in normal and diabetic rat retina and retinal pigment epithelium.
Topics: Animals; Arginine; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetic Retinopathy; Nitrates; Nitric Oxide; Ni | 2008 |
Possible involvement of endothelin-1 and nitric oxide in the pathogenesis of proliferative diabetic retinopathy.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Diabetic Retinopathy; Endothel | 2001 |
Effect of aspirin on prostanoids and nitric oxide production in streptozotocin-diabetic rats with ischemic retinopathy.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Aorta; Aspirin; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetic Retinopathy | 2002 |