Page last updated: 2024-11-01

nifedipine and Absence Seizure

nifedipine has been researched along with Absence Seizure in 33 studies

Nifedipine: A potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure.

Research Excerpts

ExcerptRelevanceReference
"Magnesium sulfate may prevent eclampsia by reducing cerebral vasoconstriction and ischemia."9.10A comparison of magnesium sulfate and nimodipine for the prevention of eclampsia. ( Allen, JC; Anthony, J; Belfort, MA; Saade, GR, 2003)
" The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of nifedipine, a calcium channel blocker, on epileptic seizures and on reperfusion arrhythmias in rats prone to audiogenic epileptic seizures (Wistar audiogenic rats, WAR) and in normal Wistar rats (N = 6/group)."7.78Anticonvulsant and antiarrhythmic effects of nifedipine in rats prone to audiogenic seizures. ( Almeida, AP; Damasceno, DD; Doretto, MC; Ferreira, AJ, 2012)
"The calcium-channel inhibitor nifedipine and several anticonvulsant drugs were evaluated for effects on seizures induced by intracerebroventricular injection of 0."7.68Effect of nifedipine and anticonvulsants on kainic acid-induced seizures in mice. ( Braun, DE; Freed, WJ, 1990)
"Nifedipine was found to have anticonvulsant activity in both models but flunarizine only had an anticonvulsant effect in the PTZ seizure incidence/latency test."5.29Protective effect of flunarizine and nifedipine alone and in combination with anticonvulsant drugs against PTZ-induced seizures in mice. ( Pleuvry, BJ; Rodger, C, 1993)
"Pretreatment with nifedipine (7."5.28Seizures and wet-dog shakes induced by 4-aminopyridine, and their potentiation by nifedipine. ( Alvarado, R; Fragoso-Veloz, J; Massieu, L; Tapia, R, 1990)
"Magnesium sulfate may prevent eclampsia by reducing cerebral vasoconstriction and ischemia."5.10A comparison of magnesium sulfate and nimodipine for the prevention of eclampsia. ( Allen, JC; Anthony, J; Belfort, MA; Saade, GR, 2003)
" The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of nifedipine, a calcium channel blocker, on epileptic seizures and on reperfusion arrhythmias in rats prone to audiogenic epileptic seizures (Wistar audiogenic rats, WAR) and in normal Wistar rats (N = 6/group)."3.78Anticonvulsant and antiarrhythmic effects of nifedipine in rats prone to audiogenic seizures. ( Almeida, AP; Damasceno, DD; Doretto, MC; Ferreira, AJ, 2012)
"A series of appropriate alkanolamine and amide derivatives of xanthone were prepared and evaluated for anticonvulsant activity using maximal electroshock (MES) and subcutaneous pentylenetetrazole (scMet) induced seizures, and for neurotoxicity (TOX) using the rotorod test on mice and rats."3.74Anticonvulsant activity of some xanthone derivatives. ( Antkiewicz-Michaluk, L; Marona, H; Pekala, E; Szneler, E; Walczak, M, 2008)
" Application of APV and nifedipine exacerbated low Mg(2+)-induced ILEs in the hippocampus but not the neocortex, indicating a distinct pharmacology for partial seizures of different brain regions."3.73Increased seizure susceptibility of the hippocampus compared with the neocortex of the immature mouse brain in vitro. ( Abdelmalik, PA; Burnham, WM; Carlen, PL, 2005)
"Death from cocaine intoxication results from one or more of the multiple mechanisms including seizures, cardiovascular collapse, or apnea."3.68Acute cocaine toxicity: the effect of agents in non-seizure-induced death. ( Albertson, TE; Derlet, RW; Tseng, CC, 1993)
"The calcium-channel inhibitor nifedipine and several anticonvulsant drugs were evaluated for effects on seizures induced by intracerebroventricular injection of 0."3.68Effect of nifedipine and anticonvulsants on kainic acid-induced seizures in mice. ( Braun, DE; Freed, WJ, 1990)
"The effects of chemically and electrically-evoked seizures on [3H]nitrendipine binding to voltage-dependent calcium channels in mouse brain were determined 30 and 60 min following the initiation of convulsions."3.67The effects of chemically and electrically-induced convulsions on [3H]nitrendipine binding in mouse brain. ( Bolger, GT; Weissman, BA, 1987)
"Three calcium channel blockers were studied for efficacy in preventing seizures and death from cocaine intoxication."3.67Potentiation of cocaine toxicity with calcium channel blockers. ( Albertson, TE; Derlet, RW, 1989)
"Cortical dysplasia is the most common etiology of intractable epilepsy."1.48Axon Initial Segment Structural Plasticity is Involved in Seizure Susceptibility in a Rat Model of Cortical Dysplasia. ( Feng, L; Wang, YL; Xiao, B; Yue, ZW, 2018)
"The drug (20 mg/kg) inhibited clonic seizure in four of six of the animals and abolished minimal or maximal tonic seizures in all the animals."1.33Nifedipine inhibits picrotoxin-induced seizure activity: further evidence on the involvement of L-type calcium channel blockers in epilepsy. ( Hasan, Z; Otoom, S, 2006)
"Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is an acronym that identifies a new clinico-neuroradiologic entity occurring in association with different conditions."1.33PRES: posterior or potentially reversible encephalopathy syndrome? ( Abbate, M; Ferlazzo, E; Granata, F; Mazzù, I; Musolino, R; Narbone, MC, 2006)
"The ED50 of W-7 to antagonize convulsions induced by lindane and BAY-K-8644 were 12 (8-19) mg/kg and 49 (29-85) mg/kg, respectively."1.29Anticonvulsant activity of delta-HCH, calcium channel blockers and calmodulin antagonists in seizures induced by lindane and other convulsant drugs. ( Barrón, S; Serratosa, J; Tusell, JM, 1993)
"Flunarizine was also the only drug that antagonized methamphetamine-induced stereotypy."1.29Effects of L-type calcium channel antagonists on the serotonin-depleting actions of MDMA in rats. ( Calder, L; Clikeman, J; Finnegan, KT; Karler, R; Wei, S, 1993)
" Chronic administration of electroconvulsive shock (once daily for 8 days) produced hyperalgesia, augmented locomotor responses to low doses of apomorphine and upregulation of cortical (but not hippocampal) voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels (assessed from [3H]nitrendipine binding)."1.29Modification of effects of chronic electroconvulsive shock by voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel blockade with nifedipine. ( Antkiewicz-Michaluk, L; Michaluk, J; Vetulani, J, 1994)
"Nifedipine was found to have anticonvulsant activity in both models but flunarizine only had an anticonvulsant effect in the PTZ seizure incidence/latency test."1.29Protective effect of flunarizine and nifedipine alone and in combination with anticonvulsant drugs against PTZ-induced seizures in mice. ( Pleuvry, BJ; Rodger, C, 1993)
"The seizures were predominantly clonic jerks accompanied by large spikes and slow waves lasting for 30-60s."1.29Effect of antiepileptic drugs and calcium channel blocker on hyperthermic seizures in rats: animal model for hot water epilepsy. ( Satishchandra, P; Shankar, SK; Ullal, GR, 1996)
"Furthermore, (+)MK-801 antagonized seizures induced by either lindane, PTX or PTZ with similar potencies in both mouse lines."1.28Lindane-induced convulsions in NMRI and OF1 mice: antagonism with (+)MK-801 and voltage-dependent calcium channel blockers. ( Serratosa, J; Trullas, R; Tusell, JM; Vendrell, M, 1992)
"Nimodipine did not affect convulsions elicited by strychnine."1.28The effects of dihydropyridine calcium channel modulators on pentylenetetrazole convulsions. ( Bolger, GT; O'Neill, SK, 1990)
"Pretreatment with nifedipine (7."1.28Seizures and wet-dog shakes induced by 4-aminopyridine, and their potentiation by nifedipine. ( Alvarado, R; Fragoso-Veloz, J; Massieu, L; Tapia, R, 1990)

Research

Studies (33)

TimeframeStudies, this research(%)All Research%
pre-19903 (9.09)18.7374
1990's22 (66.67)18.2507
2000's5 (15.15)29.6817
2010's3 (9.09)24.3611
2020's0 (0.00)2.80

Authors

AuthorsStudies
Marona, H1
Pekala, E1
Antkiewicz-Michaluk, L2
Walczak, M1
Szneler, E1
Prasanthi, G1
Prasad, KV1
Bharathi, K1
Yue, ZW1
Wang, YL1
Xiao, B1
Feng, L1
Damasceno, DD1
Ferreira, AJ1
Doretto, MC1
Almeida, AP1
Belfort, MA1
Anthony, J1
Saade, GR1
Allen, JC1
Abdelmalik, PA1
Burnham, WM1
Carlen, PL1
Otoom, S1
Hasan, Z1
Narbone, MC1
Musolino, R1
Granata, F1
Mazzù, I1
Abbate, M1
Ferlazzo, E1
Tusell, JM2
Barrón, S1
Serratosa, J2
Finnegan, KT1
Calder, L1
Clikeman, J1
Wei, S1
Karler, R1
Michaluk, J1
Vetulani, J1
Mizoguchi, H1
Yoshiike, M1
Suzuki, T1
Misawa, M1
Tseng, CC1
Derlet, RW2
Albertson, TE2
Kryzhanovskiĭ, GN2
Karpova, MN2
Abrosimov, IIu1
Rodger, C1
Pleuvry, BJ1
Ullal, GR1
Satishchandra, P1
Shankar, SK1
Gasior, M1
Borowicz, K1
Kleinrok, Z2
Starownik, R1
Czuczwar, SJ2
Garibova, TL1
Val'dman, EA1
Voronina, TA1
Kraĭneva, VA1
Raju, SS1
Gopalakrishna, HN1
Venkatadri, N1
Pearson, ER1
D'Souza, RJ1
Hamilton-Wood, C1
Nicholls, AJ1
Beaman, M1
Vendrell, M1
Trullas, R1
Kalynchuk, LE1
Dalal, S1
Mana, MJ1
Pinel, JP1
O'Neill, SK2
Bolger, GT3
Pankov, OIu1
Glebov, RN1
Bahls, FH1
Ozuna, J1
Ritchie, DE1
Braun, DE1
Freed, WJ1
Małek, U1
Fragoso-Veloz, J1
Massieu, L1
Alvarado, R1
Tapia, R1
Wells, TG1
Graham, CJ1
Moss, MM1
Kearns, GL1
Sklenovský, A1
Navrátil, J1
Chmela, Z1
Weissman, BA1

Clinical Trials (3)

Trial Overview

TrialPhaseEnrollmentStudy TypeStart DateStatus
Labetalol Versus MgSO4 for the Prevention of Eclampsia Trial (LAMPET)[NCT00293735]Phase 2/Phase 30 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-06-30Withdrawn (stopped due to Lack of funding)
A Novel Protocol for Postpartum Magnesium Sulfate in Severe Preeclampsia When the Woman Received Less That 8 Hours Before Delivery. Six Versus Twenty-four Hours Postpartum[NCT02317146]Phase 2/Phase 3280 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-11-30Completed
Magnesium Sulfate During the Postpartum in Women With Severe Preeclampsia Receiving Treatment for More Than 8 Hours Before Delivery. A Randomized Multicenter Clinical Trial .[NCT02307201]Phase 2/Phase 31,114 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-12-31Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Trials

1 trial available for nifedipine and Absence Seizure

ArticleYear
A comparison of magnesium sulfate and nimodipine for the prevention of eclampsia.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2003, Jan-23, Volume: 348, Issue:4

    Topics: Anticonvulsants; Calcium Channel Blockers; Eclampsia; Female; Humans; Logistic Models; Magnesium Sul

2003
A comparison of magnesium sulfate and nimodipine for the prevention of eclampsia.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2003, Jan-23, Volume: 348, Issue:4

    Topics: Anticonvulsants; Calcium Channel Blockers; Eclampsia; Female; Humans; Logistic Models; Magnesium Sul

2003
A comparison of magnesium sulfate and nimodipine for the prevention of eclampsia.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2003, Jan-23, Volume: 348, Issue:4

    Topics: Anticonvulsants; Calcium Channel Blockers; Eclampsia; Female; Humans; Logistic Models; Magnesium Sul

2003
A comparison of magnesium sulfate and nimodipine for the prevention of eclampsia.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2003, Jan-23, Volume: 348, Issue:4

    Topics: Anticonvulsants; Calcium Channel Blockers; Eclampsia; Female; Humans; Logistic Models; Magnesium Sul

2003
A comparison of magnesium sulfate and nimodipine for the prevention of eclampsia.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2003, Jan-23, Volume: 348, Issue:4

    Topics: Anticonvulsants; Calcium Channel Blockers; Eclampsia; Female; Humans; Logistic Models; Magnesium Sul

2003
A comparison of magnesium sulfate and nimodipine for the prevention of eclampsia.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2003, Jan-23, Volume: 348, Issue:4

    Topics: Anticonvulsants; Calcium Channel Blockers; Eclampsia; Female; Humans; Logistic Models; Magnesium Sul

2003
A comparison of magnesium sulfate and nimodipine for the prevention of eclampsia.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2003, Jan-23, Volume: 348, Issue:4

    Topics: Anticonvulsants; Calcium Channel Blockers; Eclampsia; Female; Humans; Logistic Models; Magnesium Sul

2003
A comparison of magnesium sulfate and nimodipine for the prevention of eclampsia.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2003, Jan-23, Volume: 348, Issue:4

    Topics: Anticonvulsants; Calcium Channel Blockers; Eclampsia; Female; Humans; Logistic Models; Magnesium Sul

2003
A comparison of magnesium sulfate and nimodipine for the prevention of eclampsia.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2003, Jan-23, Volume: 348, Issue:4

    Topics: Anticonvulsants; Calcium Channel Blockers; Eclampsia; Female; Humans; Logistic Models; Magnesium Sul

2003

Other Studies

32 other studies available for nifedipine and Absence Seizure

ArticleYear
Anticonvulsant activity of some xanthone derivatives.
    Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 2008, Aug-01, Volume: 16, Issue:15

    Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electroshock; Mice; Molecular Structure;

2008
Synthesis, anticonvulsant activity and molecular properties prediction of dialkyl 1-(di(ethoxycarbonyl)methyl)-2,6-dimethyl-4-substituted-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylates.
    European journal of medicinal chemistry, 2014, Feb-12, Volume: 73

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Anticonvulsants; Dihydropyridines; Drug Design; Male; Mice; Molecular

2014
Axon Initial Segment Structural Plasticity is Involved in Seizure Susceptibility in a Rat Model of Cortical Dysplasia.
    Neurochemical research, 2018, Volume: 43, Issue:4

    Topics: Animals; Axon Initial Segment; Axons; Disease Models, Animal; Disease Susceptibility; Electroencepha

2018
Anticonvulsant and antiarrhythmic effects of nifedipine in rats prone to audiogenic seizures.
    Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologicas, 2012, Volume: 45, Issue:11

    Topics: Acoustic Stimulation; Animals; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Anticonvulsants; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Diseas

2012
Increased seizure susceptibility of the hippocampus compared with the neocortex of the immature mouse brain in vitro.
    Epilepsia, 2005, Volume: 46, Issue:3

    Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione; Animals; Calcium Channel Blockers

2005
Nifedipine inhibits picrotoxin-induced seizure activity: further evidence on the involvement of L-type calcium channel blockers in epilepsy.
    Fundamental & clinical pharmacology, 2006, Volume: 20, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Calcium Channel Blockers; Calcium Channels, L-Type; Convulsants; Dose-Response Relationship

2006
PRES: posterior or potentially reversible encephalopathy syndrome?
    Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology, 2006, Volume: 27, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Anticonvulsants; Antihypertensive Agents; Brain; Brain Diseases; Cl

2006
Anticonvulsant activity of delta-HCH, calcium channel blockers and calmodulin antagonists in seizures induced by lindane and other convulsant drugs.
    Brain research, 1993, Sep-17, Volume: 622, Issue:1-2

    Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Calcium Channel Blockers; Calmodulin; Convulsants; Hexachlorocyclohexane;

1993
Effects of L-type calcium channel antagonists on the serotonin-depleting actions of MDMA in rats.
    Brain research, 1993, Feb-12, Volume: 603, Issue:1

    Topics: 3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine; Animals; Brain Chemistry; Calcium Channel Blockers; Cerebral Cortex;

1993
Modification of effects of chronic electroconvulsive shock by voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel blockade with nifedipine.
    European journal of pharmacology, 1994, Mar-11, Volume: 254, Issue:1-2

    Topics: Animals; Apomorphine; Behavior, Animal; Calcium Channel Blockers; Calcium Channels; Cerebral Cortex;

1994
Effects of Ca2+ channel blockers on physical dependence on diazepam in mice.
    Life sciences, 1993, Volume: 53, Issue:22

    Topics: Animals; Brain; Calcium Channel Blockers; Carbolines; Diazepam; Diltiazem; Drug Interactions; Flunar

1993
Acute cocaine toxicity: the effect of agents in non-seizure-induced death.
    Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior, 1993, Volume: 46, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Cocaine; Diazepam; Electrodes, Implanted; Electroencephalography; Male; Ni

1993
[The anticonvulsive activity of the 1,4-dihydropyridine derivative riodipine and other anticonvulsants when used in combination].
    Biulleten' eksperimental'noi biologii i meditsiny, 1993, Volume: 116, Issue:7

    Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Drug Synergism; Drug Therapy, Combination; E

1993
Protective effect of flunarizine and nifedipine alone and in combination with anticonvulsant drugs against PTZ-induced seizures in mice.
    Neuropharmacology, 1993, Volume: 32, Issue:3

    Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Carbamazepine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Ethosu

1993
Effect of antiepileptic drugs and calcium channel blocker on hyperthermic seizures in rats: animal model for hot water epilepsy.
    Indian journal of physiology and pharmacology, 1996, Volume: 40, Issue:4

    Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Body Temperature; Calcium Channel Blockers; Disease Models, Animal; Electr

1996
Anticonvulsant and adverse effects of MK-801, LY 235959, and GYKI 52466 in combination with Ca2+ channel inhibitors in mice.
    Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior, 1997, Volume: 56, Issue:4

    Topics: Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Anticonvulsants; Avoidance Learning; Benzodiazepines; Calcium Channel

1997
[Effect of calcium channel blocker nifedipine on anxiety and seizure manifestations of abstinence syndrome in rats after withdrawal of long-term diazepam administration].
    Biulleten' eksperimental'noi biologii i meditsiny, 1998, Volume: 125, Issue:5

    Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Anxiety; Calcium Channel Blockers; Calcium

1998
Effect of propranolol and nifedipine on maximal electroshock-induced seizures in mice: individually and in combination.
    Pharmacological research, 1998, Volume: 38, Issue:6

    Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electroshock; Male; Mice; Nifedipine; Ph

1998
Hypertensive encephalopathy and nephrotic syndrome: a possible link?
    Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association, 1999, Volume: 14, Issue:7

    Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antihypertensive Agents; Azathioprine; Brain Diseases; Calcium Channel Blo

1999
Lindane-induced convulsions in NMRI and OF1 mice: antagonism with (+)MK-801 and voltage-dependent calcium channel blockers.
    Brain research, 1992, Oct-16, Volume: 593, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Calcium Channel Blockers; Convulsants; Dizocilpine Maleate; Dose-Response

1992
Nifedipine blocks the development of tolerance to the anticonvulsant effects of ethanol.
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1992, Jun-28, Volume: 654

    Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Drug Tolerance; Electric Stimulation; Ethanol; Forelimb; Kindling, Neurolo

1992
The effects of dihydropyridine calcium channel modulators on pentylenetetrazole convulsions.
    Brain research bulletin, 1990, Volume: 25, Issue:1

    Topics: 3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl e

1990
[Antiepileptic effects of nifedipine].
    Biulleten' eksperimental'noi biologii i meditsiny, 1991, Volume: 112, Issue:9

    Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Cerebral Cortex; Epilepsies, Partial; Kindling, Neurologic; Male; Nifedipi

1991
Interactions between calcium channel blockers and the anticonvulsants carbamazepine and phenytoin.
    Neurology, 1991, Volume: 41, Issue:5

    Topics: Aged; Angina Pectoris; Calcium Channel Blockers; Carbamazepine; Diltiazem; Drug Interactions; Female

1991
Effect of nifedipine and anticonvulsants on kainic acid-induced seizures in mice.
    Brain research, 1990, Nov-12, Volume: 533, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Female; Kainic Acid; Mice; Nifedipine; Reaction Time; Seizures

1990
Influence of calcium channel inhibitors upon the anticonvulsant efficacy of common antiepileptics against pentylenetetrazol-induced convulsions in mice.
    Neuropharmacology, 1990, Volume: 29, Issue:10

    Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Calcium Channel Blockers; Diltiazem; Drug Therapy, Combination; Ethosuximi

1990
Seizures and wet-dog shakes induced by 4-aminopyridine, and their potentiation by nifedipine.
    European journal of pharmacology, 1990, Mar-27, Volume: 178, Issue:3

    Topics: 4-Aminopyridine; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Drug Synergism; Electroencephalography; Hippocampus; Mal

1990
Nifedipine poisoning in a child.
    Pediatrics, 1990, Volume: 86, Issue:1

    Topics: Blindness; Combined Modality Therapy; Drug Overdose; Emergencies; Female; Heart Block; Hemodynamics;

1990
Protective effect of nifedipine on convulsive NEFA increase in CNS.
    Activitas nervosa superior, 1990, Volume: 32, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Bemegride; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Male; Nifedipine; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Seizur

1990
The effects of chemically and electrically-induced convulsions on [3H]nitrendipine binding in mouse brain.
    Brain research bulletin, 1987, Volume: 19, Issue:6

    Topics: 3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl e

1987
Phencyclidine and MK-801: a behavioral and neurochemical comparison of their interactions with dihydropyridine calcium antagonists.
    Brain research bulletin, 1989, Volume: 22, Issue:4

    Topics: Animals; Calcium Channel Blockers; Calcium Channels; Convulsants; Dibenzocycloheptenes; Dizocilpine

1989
Potentiation of cocaine toxicity with calcium channel blockers.
    The American journal of emergency medicine, 1989, Volume: 7, Issue:5

    Topics: Animals; Cocaine; Diltiazem; Drug Synergism; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Male; Nifedipine; Rats; Ra

1989