nicardipine and Hemorrhage, Subarachnoid studies

Nicardipine: A potent calcium channel blockader with marked vasodilator action. It has antihypertensive properties and is effective in the treatment of angina and coronary spasms without showing cardiodepressant effects. It has also been used in the treatment of asthma and enhances the action of specific antineoplastic agents.
nicardipine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-nicardipine. It is a calcium channel blocker which is used to treat hypertension.
2-[benzyl(methyl)amino]ethyl methyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by a methyl, {2-[benzyl(methyl)amino]ethoxy}carbonyl, 3-nitrophenyl, methoxycarbonyl and methyl groups at positions 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, respectively.

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"This study evaluated the effect of diltiazem, a calcium antagonist, on sympathetic activity in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) during the hyperacute stage."	9.20	Effects of diltiazem on sympathetic activity in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. ( Kurita, H; Nakajima, H; Ogura, T; Ooigawa, H; Takeda, R, 2015)
"The use of nicardipine prolonged-release implants (NPRIs) is associated with a significant improvement in the therapy of patients suffering from aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) regarding the occurrence and severity of cerebral vasospasm, new infarcts, and functional outcome (FO)."	9.14	Characterization of functional outcome and quality of life following subarachnoid hemorrhage in patients treated with and without nicardipine prolonged-release implants. ( Barth, M; Kasuya, H; Schmiedek, P; Thomé, C; Vajkoczy, P; Weiss, C, 2009)
"Intraventricular nicardipine was associated with a significant and sustained reduction in mean cerebral blood flow velocity as measured by transcranial Doppler when used in the treatment of suspected cerebral vasospasm following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage."	9.14	The effect of intraventricular administration of nicardipine on mean cerebral blood flow velocity measured by transcranial Doppler in the treatment of vasospasm following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. ( Kolenda, J; Martin, K; Samuels, O; Webb, A; Wright, W, 2010)
"Our aim was to determine the effects of intra-arterial (IA) nicardipine infusion on the cerebral hemodynamics of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH)-induced vasospasm by using first-pass quantitative cine CT perfusion (CTP)."	9.14	Intra-arterial nicardipine infusion improves CT perfusion-measured cerebral blood flow in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage-induced vasospasm. ( Gonzalez, RG; Halpern, EF; Hirsch, JA; Lev, MH; Nogueira, RG; Ogilvy, CS; Pryor, JC; Rabinov, JD; Roccatagliata, L; Rordorf, GA, 2009)
"The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of nicardipine prolonged-release implants (NPRIs) on cerebral vasospasm and clinical outcome after severe subarachnoid hemorrhage."	9.12	Effect of nicardipine prolonged-release implants on cerebral vasospasm and clinical outcome after severe aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a prospective, randomized, double-blind phase IIa study. ( Barth, M; Capelle, HH; Kasuya, H; Luecke, T; Münch, E; Schmiedek, P; Thomé, C; Vajkoczy, P; Weidauer, S; Weiss, C, 2007)
"Since October 1999, nicardipine prolonged-release implants (NPRIs) have been used to prevent vasospasm in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage."	9.11	Application of nicardipine prolonged-release implants: analysis of 97 consecutive patients with acute subarachnoid hemorrhage. ( Hori, T; Kasuya, H; Onda, H; Sasahara, A; Takeshita, M, 2005)
"High-dose intravenous nicardipine has been shown to reduce the incidence of angiographic and symptomatic vasospasm in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), but treatment may be complicated by side effects, including hypotension or pulmonary edema/azotemia."	9.07	A randomized trial of two doses of nicardipine in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. A report of the Cooperative Aneurysm Study. ( Germanson, TP; Haley, EC; Kassell, NF; Torner, JC; Truskowski, LL, 1994)
"Intrathecal nicardipine has been shown to have some efficacy for the treatment of symptomatic cerebral vasospasm in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH)."	9.01	Systematic Review of Intrathecal Nicardipine for the Treatment of Cerebral Vasospasm in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. ( Grandhi, R; Hafeez, S, 2019)
" Using a propensity-score model, this patient cohort was compared to patients in the Subarachnoid Hemorrhage International Trialists (SAHIT) repository who did not receive IT nicardipine."	8.12	Does intrathecal nicardipine for cerebral vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage correlate with reduced delayed cerebral ischemia? A retrospective propensity score-based analysis. ( Akbik, F; Ameli, P; Asbury, W; Barrow, DL; Cawley, CM; Danyluk, L; Feng, C; Garner, K; Jaja, BNR; Kolenda, J; Kraft, J; Macdonald, RL; Martin, KS; Mathew, S; Mei, Y; Moore, R; Pearce, D; Pimentel, C; Pujari, A; Sadan, O; Samuels, O; Taylor, A; Waddel, H, 2022)
"To develop a nicardipine prolonged-release implant (NPRI) to prevent cerebral vasospasm in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage in 1999, which may be used during craniotomy, and report the results of our recent 12-year single critical care center experience."	7.96	Twelve-year single critical care center experience of nicardipine prolonged-release implants in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage: a propensity score matching analysis. ( Arai, N; Funaki, A; Hagiwara, S; Itoh, T; Kasuya, H; Kuroi, Y; Ohbuchi, H; Sasahara, A; Sato, Y; Takahashi, Y, 2020)
"Nicardipine and labetalol are two commonly used antihypertensives for treating elevated blood pressures in the setting of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)."	7.79	Effectiveness and safety of nicardipine and labetalol infusion for blood pressure management in patients with intracerebral and subarachnoid hemorrhage. ( Agarwal, S; Badjatia, N; Carpenter, AM; Claassen, J; Lantigua, H; Lee, K; Lesch, C; Li, M; Mayer, SA; Ortega-Gutierrez, S; Reccius, A; Schmidt, JM; Thomas, J, 2013)
"Nimodipine improved outcome in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) although hypotension limited the dose that could be administered systemically."	7.78	Cisternal sustained release dihydropyridines for subarachnoid hemorrhage. ( Ai, J; Cook, DJ; Kan, S; Kasuya, H; Macdonald, RL, 2012)
"We present a case of diltiazem intoxication resulting in repeated asystole after the induction of anesthesia."	7.78	[Suspected diltiazem intoxication resulting in repeated asystole after the induction of anesthesia]. ( Hara, T; Harioka, T; Ishiyama, T; Kimura, Y; Matsukawa, T; Nakasato, A; Okamura, M, 2012)
"American Heart Association/American Stroke Association guidelines for management of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) recommend blood pressure (BP) control, utilizing labetalol or nicardipine, but do not differentiate efficacy between the two agents."	7.78	Retrospective evaluation of nicardipine versus labetalol for blood pressure control in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. ( Barletta, JF; DeShane, RS; Figueroa, BE; McAllen, KJ; Woloszyn, AV, 2012)
"Intra-arterial (IA) nicardipine is often used to treat cerebral vasospasm associated with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)."	7.77	High-dose intra-arterial nicardipine results in hypotension following vasospasm treatment in subarachnoid hemorrhage. ( Lazzaro, MA; Lopes, DK; Prabhakaran, S; Rosenberg, N, 2011)
"To evaluate the efficacy, tolerability, and safety of nicardipine infusion in controlling the elevated blood pressure after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)."	7.76	Nicardipine infusion for blood pressure control in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. ( Abdelhak, T; Hacein-Bey, L; Mitsias, P; Schultz, L; Shah, I; Varelas, PN; Wellwood, J, 2010)
"IT nicardipine was administered to six patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage after prophylactic and aggressive therapeutic management for vasospasm failed."	7.75	Use of intrathecal nicardipine for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage-induced cerebral vasospasm. ( Bayless, L; Ehtisham, A; Janzen, JM; Klein, MW; Samuels, OB; Taylor, S, 2009)
"To determine the safety and tolerability of super-selective intra-arterial magnesium sulfate in combination with intra-arterial nicardipine in patients with cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage."	7.75	Super-selective intra-arterial magnesium sulfate in combination with nicardipine for the treatment of cerebral vasospasm in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. ( Georgiadis, AL; Kozak, OS; Memon, MZ; Qureshi, AI; Rodriguez, GJ; Shah, QA; Suri, MF; Taylor, RA; Tummala, RP; Vazquez, G, 2009)
"To evaluate the prophylactic effect of repeated intrathecal administration of nicardipine associated with hypertensive hypervolemic hemodilution therapy (triple H) and sodium correction, we analyzed a consecutive series of 177 patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage."	7.71	Intrathecal administration of nicardipine hydrochloride to prevent vasospasm in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. ( Doi, M; Ogasawara, K; Ogawa, A; Otawara, Y; Suzuki, M, 2001)
"We studied the feasibility of intrathecal nicardipine administration using a portable infusion pump system in five cases (two males and three females) of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)."	7.71	[Continuous intrathecal administration of nicardipine using a portable infusion pump system for management of vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage]. ( Ebina, T; Fujiwara, K; Mikawa, S, 2001)
"This study was performed to examine the effect of the dihydropyridine calcium antagonist, nicardipine, on vasospasm after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in the rabbit."	7.68	The effect of nicardipine on vasospasm in rabbit basilar artery after subarachnoid hemorrhage. ( Kassell, NF; Marron, JA; Pasqualin, A; Torner, JC; Tsukahara, T; Vollmer, DG, 1991)
"The effect of high dose nicardipine on delayed cerebral vasospasm was studied in 33 patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)."	7.68	[High dose nicardipine therapy for delayed cerebral vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage]. ( Honma, T; Kawano, T; Kohno, H; Okada, T; Satoh, K; Tanaka, N, 1993)
"The effect of the dihydropyridine calcium antagonist, nicardipine, on the vasoactive responses of the basilar artery was investigated after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)."	7.68	Effect of nicardipine on basilar artery vasoactive responses after subarachnoid hemorrhage. ( Kassell, NF; Pasqualin, A; Torner, JC; Tsukahara, T, 1992)
"This report describes the successful treatment of cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage with superselective intra-arterial infusion of papaverine hydrochloride."	7.68	Superselective intra-arterial infusion of papaverine for the treatment of cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage. ( Kaku, Y; Kazekawa, K; Tsukahara, T; Yonekawa, Y, 1992)
"The distribution of intravenously injected nicardipine in rat brain was investigated, as well as the influence of subarachnoid hemorrhage on its distribution."	7.67	The distribution of intravenous nicardipine in rat brain after subarachnoid hemorrhage. ( Arista, A; Kassell, NF; Tsukahara, T, 1989)
"A dose-escalation study of the calcium ion entry blocking drug nicardipine was performed using large dose infusions in 67 patients with recent aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)."	7.67	Dose-escalation study of intravenous nicardipine in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. ( Adams, HP; Beck, DW; Biller, J; Boarini, DJ; Flamm, ES; Godersky, JC; Loftus, CM; Marler, JR; Pinto, RS; Walker, MD, 1988)
"Nicardipine has long been recognized as a potent cerebrovascular vasodilator with a history off-label use to prevent vasospasm and DCI."	6.72	Nicardipine Prolonged Release Implants for Prevention of Delayed Cerebral Ischemia after Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Meta-Analysis. ( Akbik, F; Jaja, BNR; Macdonald, RL; Moore, R; Sadan, O; Samuels, OB; Waddel, H, 2021)
"Hypotension was the main side effect, and it occurred only in the two groups that received the highest doses."	6.67	Nicardipine in the prevention of spasm-induced neurological deficits after subarachnoid hemorrhage: a dose-ranging study. ( Bourdeix, I; Chaumet-Riffaud, P; Massiou, H, 1992)
"Cerebral vasospasm after non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage is a major concern; cerebral vasospasm refers to the narrowing of the cerebral vessels, which can lead to stroke."	6.58	Effectiveness of intrathecal nicardipine on cerebral vasospasm in non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage: a systematic review. ( Christian, R; Palokas, M; Stuart, D; Uschmann, H, 2018)
"Nicardipine is a second generation dihydropyridine-type Ca2+ antagonist with high vascular selectivity and strong cerebral and coronary vasodilatory activity."	6.39	Nicardipine and treatment of cerebrovascular diseases with particular reference to hypertension-related disorders. ( Amenta, F; Sabbatini, M; Strocchi, P, 1995)
"Factors related to cerebral vasospasm and poor outcome were analyzed retrospectively."	5.46	Preventing Cerebral Vasospasm After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage with Aggressive Cisternal Clot Removal and Nicardipine. ( Hashimoto, A; Kamada, K; Kamiyama, H; Kinoshita, Y; Matsukawa, H; Miyazaki, T; Noda, K; Ota, N; Saito, N; Tanikawa, R; Tokuda, S; Tsuboi, T, 2017)
"Symptomatic cerebral vasospasm (SCV) is the second most common of morbidity and mortality in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) after rebleeding."	5.42	Effects of Clot Removal by Meticulous Irrigation and Continuous Low-Dose Intravenous Nicardipine on Symptomatic Cerebral Vasospasm in Patients with Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Treated by Clipping. ( Kamiyama, H; Matsukawa, H; Miyata, S; Noda, K; Ota, N; Suzuki, G; Takeda, R; Tanikawa, R; Tokuda, S; Tsuboi, T, 2015)
"Vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) remains difficult to prevent despite extensive investigative efforts."	5.34	Nicardipine prolonged-release implants for preventing cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage: effect and outcome in the first 100 patients. ( Hori, T; Kasuya, H; Krischek, B; Onda, H, 2007)
"Nicardipine was infused at a high dose rate (0."	5.34	Safety and feasibility of intra-arterial nicardipine for the treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage-associated vasospasm: initial clinical experience with high-dose infusions. ( Chaloupka, JC; Hayakawa, M; Lee, SK; Taylor, RA; Tejada, JG; Ugurel, MS, 2007)
" Fifteen of 42 patients were treated with the lower dosage levels of nicardipine (0."	5.27	Combination of aminocaproic acid and nicardipine in treatment of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. ( Adams, HP; Beck, DW; Flamm, ES; Godersky, JC; Loftus, CM, 1988)
"Nimodipine and cilostazol are likely the most effective treatments in preventing morbidity and mortality in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage."	5.22	Prophylactic Therapies for Morbidity and Mortality After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials. ( Ahmadvand, S; Amin-Hanjani, S; Dayyani, M; Grotta, JC; Guyatt, GH; Sadeghirad, B; Wang, Y; Zabihyan, S, 2022)
"One of the challenges in bringing new therapeutic agents (since nimodipine) in for the treatment of cerebral ischemia associated with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is the incongruence in therapeutic benefit observed between phase II and subsequent phase III clinical trials."	5.22	Lessons Learned from Phase II and Phase III Trials Investigating Therapeutic Agents for Cerebral Ischemia Associated with Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. ( Broderick, JP; Cassarly, CN; Huang, W; Ishfaq, MF; Lobanova, I; Macdonald, RL; Martin, RH; Qureshi, AI; Suarez, JI, 2022)
"This study evaluated the effect of diltiazem, a calcium antagonist, on sympathetic activity in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) during the hyperacute stage."	5.20	Effects of diltiazem on sympathetic activity in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. ( Kurita, H; Nakajima, H; Ogura, T; Ooigawa, H; Takeda, R, 2015)
"since October 1999, nicardipine pellets (NP) have been used to prevent vasospasm in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)."	5.15	Clinical trial of nicardipine prolonged-release implants for preventing cerebral vasospasm: multicenter cooperative study in Tokyo. ( Kasuya, H, 2011)
"Our aim was to determine the effects of intra-arterial (IA) nicardipine infusion on the cerebral hemodynamics of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH)-induced vasospasm by using first-pass quantitative cine CT perfusion (CTP)."	5.14	Intra-arterial nicardipine infusion improves CT perfusion-measured cerebral blood flow in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage-induced vasospasm. ( Gonzalez, RG; Halpern, EF; Hirsch, JA; Lev, MH; Nogueira, RG; Ogilvy, CS; Pryor, JC; Rabinov, JD; Roccatagliata, L; Rordorf, GA, 2009)
"The use of nicardipine prolonged-release implants (NPRIs) is associated with a significant improvement in the therapy of patients suffering from aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) regarding the occurrence and severity of cerebral vasospasm, new infarcts, and functional outcome (FO)."	5.14	Characterization of functional outcome and quality of life following subarachnoid hemorrhage in patients treated with and without nicardipine prolonged-release implants. ( Barth, M; Kasuya, H; Schmiedek, P; Thomé, C; Vajkoczy, P; Weiss, C, 2009)
"Intraventricular nicardipine was associated with a significant and sustained reduction in mean cerebral blood flow velocity as measured by transcranial Doppler when used in the treatment of suspected cerebral vasospasm following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage."	5.14	The effect of intraventricular administration of nicardipine on mean cerebral blood flow velocity measured by transcranial Doppler in the treatment of vasospasm following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. ( Kolenda, J; Martin, K; Samuels, O; Webb, A; Wright, W, 2010)
"The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of nicardipine prolonged-release implants (NPRIs) on cerebral vasospasm and clinical outcome after severe subarachnoid hemorrhage."	5.12	Effect of nicardipine prolonged-release implants on cerebral vasospasm and clinical outcome after severe aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a prospective, randomized, double-blind phase IIa study. ( Barth, M; Capelle, HH; Kasuya, H; Luecke, T; Münch, E; Schmiedek, P; Thomé, C; Vajkoczy, P; Weidauer, S; Weiss, C, 2007)
"Since October 1999, nicardipine prolonged-release implants (NPRIs) have been used to prevent vasospasm in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage."	5.11	Application of nicardipine prolonged-release implants: analysis of 97 consecutive patients with acute subarachnoid hemorrhage. ( Hori, T; Kasuya, H; Onda, H; Sasahara, A; Takeshita, M, 2005)
"Twenty consecutive subarachnoid hemorrhage patients with thick subarachnoid clot were treated with NPRI (a pellet of diameter 2 mm, length 10 mm, containing 4 mg of nicardipine) during surgery after clipping of their aneurysm."	5.10	Efficacy and safety of nicardipine prolonged-release implants for preventing vasospasm in humans. ( Hori, T; Kasuya, H; Okada, Y; Onda, H; Takeshita, M, 2002)
"A study of medical complications observed in the placebo limb of a large, randomized, controlled trial of the calcium antagonist, nicardipine, after subarachnoid hemorrhage."	5.08	Medical complications of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a report of the multicenter, cooperative aneurysm study. Participants of the Multicenter Cooperative Aneurysm Study. ( Germanson, T; Haley, EC; Kassell, NF; Kongable, G; Solenski, NJ; Torner, JC; Truskowski, L, 1995)
"High-dose intravenous nicardipine has been shown to reduce the incidence of angiographic and symptomatic vasospasm in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), but treatment may be complicated by side effects, including hypotension or pulmonary edema/azotemia."	5.07	A randomized trial of two doses of nicardipine in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. A report of the Cooperative Aneurysm Study. ( Germanson, TP; Haley, EC; Kassell, NF; Torner, JC; Truskowski, LL, 1994)
"Intrathecal nicardipine has been shown to have some efficacy for the treatment of symptomatic cerebral vasospasm in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH)."	5.01	Systematic Review of Intrathecal Nicardipine for the Treatment of Cerebral Vasospasm in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. ( Grandhi, R; Hafeez, S, 2019)
"In New Zealand white rabbits (N = 22), vasospasm was individually provoked through experimentally induced subarachnoid hemorrhage and confirmed via conventional angiography, grouping animals by IA-infused drug (nicardipine vs."	4.12	Comparative Study of Vasodilatation After Intra-arterial Nicardipine or Dantrolene Infusion in Animal Model of Cerebral Vasospasm. ( Byoun, HS; Cho, YD; Lim, J, 2022)
" Using a propensity-score model, this patient cohort was compared to patients in the Subarachnoid Hemorrhage International Trialists (SAHIT) repository who did not receive IT nicardipine."	4.12	Does intrathecal nicardipine for cerebral vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage correlate with reduced delayed cerebral ischemia? A retrospective propensity score-based analysis. ( Akbik, F; Ameli, P; Asbury, W; Barrow, DL; Cawley, CM; Danyluk, L; Feng, C; Garner, K; Jaja, BNR; Kolenda, J; Kraft, J; Macdonald, RL; Martin, KS; Mathew, S; Mei, Y; Moore, R; Pearce, D; Pimentel, C; Pujari, A; Sadan, O; Samuels, O; Taylor, A; Waddel, H, 2022)
"To develop a nicardipine prolonged-release implant (NPRI) to prevent cerebral vasospasm in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage in 1999, which may be used during craniotomy, and report the results of our recent 12-year single critical care center experience."	3.96	Twelve-year single critical care center experience of nicardipine prolonged-release implants in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage: a propensity score matching analysis. ( Arai, N; Funaki, A; Hagiwara, S; Itoh, T; Kasuya, H; Kuroi, Y; Ohbuchi, H; Sasahara, A; Sato, Y; Takahashi, Y, 2020)
"Intraventricular nicardipine (IVTN) is a treatment option for severe vasospasm in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)."	3.83	Acute effects of intraventricular nicardipine on cerebral hemodynamics: A preliminary finding. ( Badjatia, N; Choi, HA; Claassen, J; Connolly, ES; Helbok, R; Ko, SB; Kurtz, P; Lee, K; Mayer, SA; Schmidt, JM, 2016)
"Nicardipine and labetalol are two commonly used antihypertensives for treating elevated blood pressures in the setting of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)."	3.79	Effectiveness and safety of nicardipine and labetalol infusion for blood pressure management in patients with intracerebral and subarachnoid hemorrhage. ( Agarwal, S; Badjatia, N; Carpenter, AM; Claassen, J; Lantigua, H; Lee, K; Lesch, C; Li, M; Mayer, SA; Ortega-Gutierrez, S; Reccius, A; Schmidt, JM; Thomas, J, 2013)
"We present a case of diltiazem intoxication resulting in repeated asystole after the induction of anesthesia."	3.78	[Suspected diltiazem intoxication resulting in repeated asystole after the induction of anesthesia]. ( Hara, T; Harioka, T; Ishiyama, T; Kimura, Y; Matsukawa, T; Nakasato, A; Okamura, M, 2012)
"American Heart Association/American Stroke Association guidelines for management of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) recommend blood pressure (BP) control, utilizing labetalol or nicardipine, but do not differentiate efficacy between the two agents."	3.78	Retrospective evaluation of nicardipine versus labetalol for blood pressure control in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. ( Barletta, JF; DeShane, RS; Figueroa, BE; McAllen, KJ; Woloszyn, AV, 2012)
"Nimodipine improved outcome in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) although hypotension limited the dose that could be administered systemically."	3.78	Cisternal sustained release dihydropyridines for subarachnoid hemorrhage. ( Ai, J; Cook, DJ; Kan, S; Kasuya, H; Macdonald, RL, 2012)
"Intra-arterial (IA) nicardipine is often used to treat cerebral vasospasm associated with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)."	3.77	High-dose intra-arterial nicardipine results in hypotension following vasospasm treatment in subarachnoid hemorrhage. ( Lazzaro, MA; Lopes, DK; Prabhakaran, S; Rosenberg, N, 2011)
"To evaluate the efficacy, tolerability, and safety of nicardipine infusion in controlling the elevated blood pressure after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)."	3.76	Nicardipine infusion for blood pressure control in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. ( Abdelhak, T; Hacein-Bey, L; Mitsias, P; Schultz, L; Shah, I; Varelas, PN; Wellwood, J, 2010)
"We conducted a single-center, retrospective review of consecutive patients with clinically symptomatic vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage that failed medical management with "triple H therapy" and subsequently received intraarterial nicardipine and/or milrinone between March 2005 and July 2007."	3.76	Hemodynamic management and outcome of patients treated for cerebral vasospasm with intraarterial nicardipine and/or milrinone. ( Bittner, E; Marota, JJ; Pivi, S; Schmidt, U, 2010)
"IT nicardipine was administered to six patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage after prophylactic and aggressive therapeutic management for vasospasm failed."	3.75	Use of intrathecal nicardipine for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage-induced cerebral vasospasm. ( Bayless, L; Ehtisham, A; Janzen, JM; Klein, MW; Samuels, OB; Taylor, S, 2009)
"To determine the safety and tolerability of super-selective intra-arterial magnesium sulfate in combination with intra-arterial nicardipine in patients with cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage."	3.75	Super-selective intra-arterial magnesium sulfate in combination with nicardipine for the treatment of cerebral vasospasm in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. ( Georgiadis, AL; Kozak, OS; Memon, MZ; Qureshi, AI; Rodriguez, GJ; Shah, QA; Suri, MF; Taylor, RA; Tummala, RP; Vazquez, G, 2009)
"We studied the feasibility of intrathecal nicardipine administration using a portable infusion pump system in five cases (two males and three females) of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)."	3.71	[Continuous intrathecal administration of nicardipine using a portable infusion pump system for management of vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage]. ( Ebina, T; Fujiwara, K; Mikawa, S, 2001)
"To evaluate the prophylactic effect of repeated intrathecal administration of nicardipine associated with hypertensive hypervolemic hemodilution therapy (triple H) and sodium correction, we analyzed a consecutive series of 177 patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage."	3.71	Intrathecal administration of nicardipine hydrochloride to prevent vasospasm in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. ( Doi, M; Ogasawara, K; Ogawa, A; Otawara, Y; Suzuki, M, 2001)
"This report describes the successful treatment of cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage with superselective intra-arterial infusion of papaverine hydrochloride."	3.68	Superselective intra-arterial infusion of papaverine for the treatment of cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage. ( Kaku, Y; Kazekawa, K; Tsukahara, T; Yonekawa, Y, 1992)
"The effect of high dose nicardipine on delayed cerebral vasospasm was studied in 33 patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)."	3.68	[High dose nicardipine therapy for delayed cerebral vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage]. ( Honma, T; Kawano, T; Kohno, H; Okada, T; Satoh, K; Tanaka, N, 1993)
"The effect of the dihydropyridine calcium antagonist, nicardipine, on the vasoactive responses of the basilar artery was investigated after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)."	3.68	Effect of nicardipine on basilar artery vasoactive responses after subarachnoid hemorrhage. ( Kassell, NF; Pasqualin, A; Torner, JC; Tsukahara, T, 1992)
"This study was performed to examine the effect of the dihydropyridine calcium antagonist, nicardipine, on vasospasm after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in the rabbit."	3.68	The effect of nicardipine on vasospasm in rabbit basilar artery after subarachnoid hemorrhage. ( Kassell, NF; Marron, JA; Pasqualin, A; Torner, JC; Tsukahara, T; Vollmer, DG, 1991)
"We examined the efficacy of slow-release, and prolonged diffusion silicone pellets mixed with papaverine hydrochloride in the treatment of cerebral vasospasms following subarachnoid hemorrhage."	3.67	[Sustained-release pellet of vasodilators--basic experiment]. ( Arimitsu, T; Mori, K; Oda, Y; Okumura, T, 1984)
"The efficacy of intravenous nicardipine in the prevention of vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage has been investigated in a dose escalation study in 67 patients admitted within 1 week of subarachnoid hemorrhage."	3.67	The potential use of nicardipine in cerebrovascular disease. ( Flamm, ES, 1989)
"A dose-escalation study of the calcium ion entry blocking drug nicardipine was performed using large dose infusions in 67 patients with recent aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)."	3.67	Dose-escalation study of intravenous nicardipine in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. ( Adams, HP; Beck, DW; Biller, J; Boarini, DJ; Flamm, ES; Godersky, JC; Loftus, CM; Marler, JR; Pinto, RS; Walker, MD, 1988)
"The distribution of intravenously injected nicardipine in rat brain was investigated, as well as the influence of subarachnoid hemorrhage on its distribution."	3.67	The distribution of intravenous nicardipine in rat brain after subarachnoid hemorrhage. ( Arista, A; Kassell, NF; Tsukahara, T, 1989)
"Nicardipine was effective in 87% of the patients (with intravenous beta blockers in 4 patients), with a 19."	2.73	Management of hypertensive emergencies in acute brain disease: evaluation of the treatment effects of intravenous nicardipine on cerebral oxygenation. ( Narotam, PK; Nathoo, N; Puri, V; Roberts, JM; Taylon, C; Vora, Y, 2008)
"Nicardipine has long been recognized as a potent cerebrovascular vasodilator with a history off-label use to prevent vasospasm and DCI."	2.72	Nicardipine Prolonged Release Implants for Prevention of Delayed Cerebral Ischemia after Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Meta-Analysis. ( Akbik, F; Jaja, BNR; Macdonald, RL; Moore, R; Sadan, O; Samuels, OB; Waddel, H, 2021)
"Cilostazol was found to be the second-best treatment in improving favorable outcomes (OR, 3."	2.72	Effects of Various Therapeutic Agents on Vasospasm and Functional Outcome After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage-Results of a Network Meta-Analysis. ( Chandra, PS; Gaonkar, VB; Garg, K; Kale, SS; Mishra, S; Singh, M; Singh, PM; Suri, A, 2021)
"Hypotension was the main side effect, and it occurred only in the two groups that received the highest doses."	2.67	Nicardipine in the prevention of spasm-induced neurological deficits after subarachnoid hemorrhage: a dose-ranging study. ( Bourdeix, I; Chaumet-Riffaud, P; Massiou, H, 1992)
"Cerebral vasospasm after non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage is a major concern; cerebral vasospasm refers to the narrowing of the cerebral vessels, which can lead to stroke."	2.58	Effectiveness of intrathecal nicardipine on cerebral vasospasm in non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage: a systematic review. ( Christian, R; Palokas, M; Stuart, D; Uschmann, H, 2018)
"Nicardipine is a dihydropyridine-type Ca(2+) channel blocker with a powerful antihypertensive activity and a unique cerebrovascular profile."	2.49	Nicardipine in the treatment of aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage: a meta-analysis of published data. ( Feng, ZM; Huang, RQ; Jiang, FG; Wang, TY, 2013)
"Outcome of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) has improved over the last decades."	2.49	SAHIT Investigators--on the outcome of some subarachnoid hemorrhage clinical trials. ( Cusimano, MD; Etminan, N; Hanggi, D; Hasan, D; Ilodigwe, D; Jaja, B; Lantigua, H; Le Roux, P; Lo, B; Louffat-Olivares, A; Macdonald, RL; Mayer, S; Molyneux, A; Quinn, A; Schenk, T; Schweizer, TA; Singh, J; Spears, J; Todd, M; Torner, J; Vergouwen, MD; Wong, GK, 2013)
"Nicardipine has been studied or recommended for management of hypertension in many neurovascular settings (ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, craniotomy, and spinal surgery), for vasospasm in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, and in acute traumatic brain injury."	2.45	Use of injectable nicardipine for neurovascular indications. ( Reddy, P; Yeh, YC, 2009)
"Nicardipine is a dihydropyridine-type Ca(2+) channel blocker (CCB) with strong antihypertensive activity and with a peculiar cerebrovascular profile."	2.45	Nicardipine use in cerebrovascular disease: a review of controlled clinical studies. ( Amenta, F; Lanari, A; Mignini, F; Silvestrelli, G; Tomassoni, D; Traini, E, 2009)
"Nicardipine is a dihydropyridine-type calcium channel blocker (CCB) with a peculiar cerebrovascular profile developed approximately 30 years ago."	2.44	Nicardipine: a hypotensive dihydropyridine-type calcium antagonist with a peculiar cerebrovascular profile. ( Amenta, F; Mignini, F; Tomassoni, D; Traini, E; Veglio, F, 2008)
"In the case of hypertensive encephalopathy, the lowering of blood pressure is therapeutic as well as diagnostic."	2.43	[Antihypertensive management in acute cerebral stroke]. ( Ziliene, V, 2005)
"Nicardipine is a second generation dihydropyridine-type Ca2+ antagonist with high vascular selectivity and strong cerebral and coronary vasodilatory activity."	2.39	Nicardipine and treatment of cerebrovascular diseases with particular reference to hypertension-related disorders. ( Amenta, F; Sabbatini, M; Strocchi, P, 1995)
"Patients with cerebral vasospasm caused by aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) are often treated with intra-arterial (IA) vasodilator infusion."	1.62	Use of single versus multiple vasodilator agents in the treatment of cerebral vasospasm: is more better than less? ( Bulsara, K; Chen, PR; Day, AL; Erkmen, K; Kim, DH; Lopez-Rivera, V; Oni-Orisan, AO; Sanzgiri, A; Sheriff, FG; Sheth, S; Vahidy, FS, 2021)
"The management of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) remains a highly demanding challenge in critical care medicine."	1.51	In vitro and in vivo testing of a novel local nicardipine delivery system to the brain: a preclinical study. ( Adage, T; Bayerl, SH; Breitenbach, J; Ghori, A; Nieminen-Kelhä, M; Prinz, V; Vajkoczy, P, 2019)
"The systolic blood pressure, ratio of cardiac arrest, and Fisher classification values of the patients in the Scene group were significantly greater than those in the Interhospital group."	1.46	A comparison between evacuation from the scene and interhospital transportation using a helicopter for subarachnoid hemorrhage. ( Ishikawa, K; Jitsuiki, K; Nakao, Y; Ohsaka, H; Omori, K; Takeuchi, I; Yamamoto, T; Yanagawa, Y; Yoshizawa, T, 2017)
"Factors related to cerebral vasospasm and poor outcome were analyzed retrospectively."	1.46	Preventing Cerebral Vasospasm After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage with Aggressive Cisternal Clot Removal and Nicardipine. ( Hashimoto, A; Kamada, K; Kamiyama, H; Kinoshita, Y; Matsukawa, H; Miyazaki, T; Noda, K; Ota, N; Saito, N; Tanikawa, R; Tokuda, S; Tsuboi, T, 2017)
"Postoperative meningitis is a serious complication occurring after neurosurgical interventions."	1.42	Risk factors for meningitis after craniotomy in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage due to anterior circulation aneurysms rupture. ( Endo, H; Fujimura, M; Inoue, T; Niizuma, K; Sakata, H; Sato, K; Shimizu, H; Tominaga, T, 2015)
"Symptomatic cerebral vasospasm (SCV) is the second most common of morbidity and mortality in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) after rebleeding."	1.42	Effects of Clot Removal by Meticulous Irrigation and Continuous Low-Dose Intravenous Nicardipine on Symptomatic Cerebral Vasospasm in Patients with Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Treated by Clipping. ( Kamiyama, H; Matsukawa, H; Miyata, S; Noda, K; Ota, N; Suzuki, G; Takeda, R; Tanikawa, R; Tokuda, S; Tsuboi, T, 2015)
"We report a case of subarachnoid hemorrhage from a thrombosed ruptured aneurysm which was undetected on digital subtraction angiography but was visualized with cone beam volume CT."	1.39	The utility of cone beam volume CT in the evaluation of thrombosed intracranial aneurysms in subarachnoid hemorrhage. ( Hannawi, Y; Murthy, SB; Rao, CP; Shah, S, 2013)
"Cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage can decrease cerebral blood flow with the potential for stroke."	1.34	Anesthetic considerations of selective intra-arterial nicardipine injection for intracranial vasospasm: a case series. ( Avitsian, R; Fiorella, D; Mascha, E; Soliman, MM, 2007)
"Nicardipine was infused at a high dose rate (0."	1.34	Safety and feasibility of intra-arterial nicardipine for the treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage-associated vasospasm: initial clinical experience with high-dose infusions. ( Chaloupka, JC; Hayakawa, M; Lee, SK; Taylor, RA; Tejada, JG; Ugurel, MS, 2007)
"Vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) remains difficult to prevent despite extensive investigative efforts."	1.34	Nicardipine prolonged-release implants for preventing cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage: effect and outcome in the first 100 patients. ( Hori, T; Kasuya, H; Krischek, B; Onda, H, 2007)
" These results suggested that nicardipine-prolonged release preparation is safe as well as effective for cerebral vasospasm."	1.31	[The efficacy and safety of the nicardipine prolonged-release implant in a canine double hemorrhage model]. ( Aihara, Y; Hori, T; Izawa, M; Kasuya, H; Kawashima, A; Sasahara, A, 2000)
"As soon as the subarachnoid hemorrhage diagnosis is confirmed by computed tomography (or if unconfirmed, by lumbar puncture), we assume that each patient may have an aneurysm."	1.29	Are the calcium antagonists really useful in cerebral aneurysmal surgery? A retrospective study. ( Alhayek, G; Fournier, D; Guy, G; Menei, P; Mercier, P; Rizk, T, 1994)
" Fifteen of 42 patients were treated with the lower dosage levels of nicardipine (0."	1.27	Combination of aminocaproic acid and nicardipine in treatment of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. ( Adams, HP; Beck, DW; Flamm, ES; Godersky, JC; Loftus, CM, 1988)

Research

Studies (116)

Authors

Clinical Trials (5)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Good Clinical Outcome Was Defined as a Glasgow Outcome Scale Score of 0-1

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	11 (9.48)	18.7374
1990's	35 (30.17)	18.2507
2000's	28 (24.14)	29.6817
2010's	33 (28.45)	24.3611
2020's	9 (7.76)	2.80

Authors	Studies
Qureshi, AI	2
Lobanova, I	1
Huang, W	1
Ishfaq, MF	1
Broderick, JP	1
Cassarly, CN	1
Martin, RH	1
Macdonald, RL	6
Suarez, JI	1
Lim, J	1
Cho, YD	1
Byoun, HS	1
Dayyani, M	1
Sadeghirad, B	1
Grotta, JC	1
Zabihyan, S	1
Ahmadvand, S	1
Wang, Y	1
Guyatt, GH	1
Amin-Hanjani, S	1
Carrera, DA	1
Marsh, LM	1
Roach, JJ	1
Sarangarm, P	1
Cole, CD	1
Torbey, MT	1
Carlson, AP	1
Kuroi, Y	1
Ohbuchi, H	1
Arai, N	1
Takahashi, Y	1
Hagiwara, S	1
Sasahara, A	5
Funaki, A	1
Itoh, T	1
Sato, Y	1
Kasuya, H	17
Chen, PR	1
Bulsara, K	1
Lopez-Rivera, V	1
Sheriff, FG	1
Sanzgiri, A	1
Sheth, S	1
Oni-Orisan, AO	1
Vahidy, FS	1
Erkmen, K	1
Kim, DH	1
Day, AL	1
Sadan, O	2
Waddel, H	2
Moore, R	2
Feng, C	1
Mei, Y	1
Pearce, D	1
Kraft, J	1
Pimentel, C	1
Mathew, S	1
Akbik, F	2
Ameli, P	1
Taylor, A	1
Danyluk, L	1
Martin, KS	1
Garner, K	1
Kolenda, J	2
Pujari, A	1
Asbury, W	1
Jaja, BNR	2
Cawley, CM	1
Barrow, DL	1
Samuels, O	2
Mishra, S	1
Garg, K	1
Gaonkar, VB	1
Singh, PM	1
Singh, M	1
Suri, A	1
Chandra, PS	1
Kale, SS	1
Samuels, OB	2
Ota, N	2
Matsukawa, H	2
Kamiyama, H	2
Tsuboi, T	2
Noda, K	2
Hashimoto, A	1
Miyazaki, T	1
Kinoshita, Y	1
Saito, N	1
Tokuda, S	2
Kamada, K	1
Tanikawa, R	2
Stuart, D	2
Christian, R	2
Uschmann, H	2
Palokas, M	1
Hafeez, S	1
Grandhi, R	1
Bayerl, SH	1
Ghori, A	1
Nieminen-Kelhä, M	1
Adage, T	1
Breitenbach, J	1
Vajkoczy, P	6
Prinz, V	1
Dodson, V	1
Majmundar, N	1
El-Ghanem, M	1
Amuluru, K	1
Gupta, G	1
Nuoman, R	1
Wainwright, J	1
Kaur, G	1
Cole, C	1
Santarelli, J	1
Chandy, D	1
Bowers, C	1
Gandhi, C	1
Al-Mufti, F	1
Jaja, B	1
Cusimano, MD	1
Etminan, N	1
Hanggi, D	2
Hasan, D	2
Ilodigwe, D	1
Lantigua, H	2
Le Roux, P	1
Lo, B	1
Louffat-Olivares, A	1
Mayer, S	1
Molyneux, A	1
Quinn, A	1
Schweizer, TA	1
Schenk, T	1
Spears, J	1
Todd, M	1
Torner, J	1
Vergouwen, MD	1
Wong, GK	1
Singh, J	1
Chalouhi, N	1
Tjoumakaris, S	1
Thakkar, V	1
Theofanis, T	1
Hammer, C	1
Starke, RM	1
Wu, C	1
Gonzalez, LF	1
Rosenwasser, R	1
Jabbour, P	1
Ogura, T	1
Takeda, R	2
Ooigawa, H	1
Nakajima, H	1
Kurita, H	1
Oheda, M	1
Inamasu, J	1
Moriya, S	1
Kumai, T	1
Kawazoe, Y	1
Nakae, S	1
Kato, Y	1
Hirose, Y	1
Miyata, S	1
Suzuki, G	1
Inoue, T	1
Shimizu, H	1
Fujimura, M	1
Sato, K	1
Endo, H	1
Niizuma, K	1
Sakata, H	1
Tominaga, T	1
Ko, SB	1
Choi, HA	1
Helbok, R	1
Kurtz, P	1
Schmidt, JM	2
Badjatia, N	2
Claassen, J	2
Connolly, ES	1
Mayer, SA	3
Lee, K	2
Ishikawa, K	1
Omori, K	1
Takeuchi, I	1
Jitsuiki, K	1
Yoshizawa, T	1
Ohsaka, H	1
Nakao, Y	1
Yamamoto, T	1
Yanagawa, Y	1
Hashimoto, M	1
Johkura, K	1
Ichikawa, T	1
Kojima, A	1
Nishimura, S	1
Shinonaga, M	1
Nogueira, RG	1
Lev, MH	1
Roccatagliata, L	1
Hirsch, JA	1
Gonzalez, RG	1
Ogilvy, CS	1
Halpern, EF	1
Rordorf, GA	1
Rabinov, JD	1
Pryor, JC	1
Amenta, F	3
Tomassoni, D	2
Traini, E	2
Mignini, F	2
Veglio, F	1
Narotam, PK	1
Puri, V	1
Roberts, JM	1
Taylon, C	1
Vora, Y	1
Nathoo, N	1
Ehtisham, A	1
Taylor, S	1
Bayless, L	1
Klein, MW	1
Janzen, JM	1
Barth, M	4
Thomé, C	4
Schmiedek, P	6
Weiss, C	2
Lanari, A	1
Silvestrelli, G	1
Reddy, P	1
Yeh, YC	1
Shah, QA	1
Memon, MZ	1
Suri, MF	1
Rodriguez, GJ	1
Kozak, OS	1
Taylor, RA	2
Tummala, RP	1
Vazquez, G	1
Georgiadis, AL	1
Fletcher, JJ	1
Kramer, AH	1
Bleck, TP	1
Solenski, NJ	2
Webb, A	1
Martin, K	1
Wright, W	1
Pierot, L	1
Aggour, M	1
Moret, J	1
Schmidt, U	1
Bittner, E	1
Pivi, S	1
Marota, JJ	1
Varelas, PN	1
Abdelhak, T	1
Wellwood, J	1
Shah, I	1
Hacein-Bey, L	1
Schultz, L	1
Mitsias, P	1
Seiz, M	2
Schubert, GA	1
Pena, P	1
Muench, E	2
Weidauer, S	2
Hattingen, E	1
Rosenberg, N	1
Lazzaro, MA	1
Lopes, DK	1
Prabhakaran, S	1
Schneider, UC	1
Dreher, S	1
Hoffmann, KT	1
Strong, AJ	1
Woitzik, J	1
Dreier, JP	1
Hecht, N	1
Fiss, I	1
Sandow, N	1
Major, S	1
Winkler, M	1
Dahlem, YA	1
Manville, J	1
Diepers, M	1
Lu, N	1
Jackson, D	1
Luke, S	1
Festic, E	1
Hanel, RA	1
Freeman, WD	1
Kimura, Y	1
Okamura, M	1
Harioka, T	1
Hara, T	1
Nakasato, A	1
Ishiyama, T	1
Matsukawa, T	1
Cook, DJ	1
Kan, S	1
Ai, J	1
Woloszyn, AV	1
McAllen, KJ	1
Figueroa, BE	1
DeShane, RS	1
Barletta, JF	1
Ortega-Gutierrez, S	1
Thomas, J	1
Reccius, A	1
Agarwal, S	1
Li, M	1
Carpenter, AM	1
Lesch, C	1
Huang, RQ	1
Jiang, FG	1
Feng, ZM	1
Wang, TY	1
Shah, S	1
Murthy, SB	1
Hannawi, Y	1
Rao, CP	1
Dorsch, NW	1
Ziliene, V	1
Onda, H	4
Takeshita, M	2
Hori, T	6
Steiger, HJ	1
Capelle, HH	1
Münch, E	1
Luecke, T	1
Avitsian, R	1
Fiorella, D	1
Soliman, MM	1
Mascha, E	1
Tejada, JG	1
Ugurel, MS	1
Hayakawa, M	1
Lee, SK	1
Chaloupka, JC	1
Krischek, B	1
Abdennour, L	1
Lejean, L	1
Bonneville, F	1
Boch, AL	1
Puybasset, L	1
Mocco, J	1
Rose, JC	1
Komotar, RJ	1
Goodson, K	1
Lapointe, M	1
Monroe, T	1
Chalela, JA	1
Nishizawa, S	1
Zhang, JH	1
Okumura, T	1
Oda, Y	1
Arimitsu, T	1
Mori, K	1
Handa, J	1
Matsuda, M	1
Nakasu, Y	1
Nakasu, S	1
Kidooka, M	1
Watanabe, K	1
Kataoka, K	1
Niiyama, K	1
Uejima, T	1
Kuroda, R	1
Ioku, M	1
Yamada, K	1
Taneda, M	1
Hayakawa, T	1
Sabbatini, M	1
Strocchi, P	1
Debdi, M	1
Seylaz, J	1
Sercombe, R	1
Shibuya, M	1
Suzuki, Y	1
Enomoto, H	1
Okada, T	2
Ogura, K	1
Sugita, K	1
Haley, EC	4
Kassell, NF	9
Kongable, G	1
Germanson, T	2
Truskowski, L	2
Torner, JC	7
Hanley, DF	1
Ulatowski, JA	1
Golfinos, JG	1
Thompson, BG	1
Zabramski, JM	1
Spetzler, RF	1
Hongo, K	1
Kobayashi, S	1
Weir, B	1
MacDonald, L	1
Saito, I	1
Nishizawa, Y	2
Mercier, P	1
Alhayek, G	1
Rizk, T	1
Fournier, D	1
Menei, P	1
Guy, G	1
Truskowski, LL	1
Germanson, TP	2
Alabadí, JA	1
Salom, JB	1
Torregrosa, G	1
Miranda, FJ	1
Jover, T	1
Alborch, E	1
Lanzino, G	2
Alves, W	1
Kohno, H	1
Kawano, T	1
Tanaka, N	1
Honma, T	1
Satoh, K	1
Matsui, T	2
Kaizu, H	1
Itoh, S	1
Asano, T	2
Tuncer, R	1
Yoshimura, S	1
Tsukahara, T	5
Hashimoto, N	1
Kazekawa, K	2
Kobayashi, A	1
Melon, E	2
Rimaniol, JM	1
Moltó-Jordà, JM	1
Matías-Guiu, J	1
Kongable, GL	1
Kawashima, A	4
Shiokawa, K	1
Miyajima, M	2
Izawa, M	3
Takakura, K	1
Aihara, Y	1
Fujiwara, K	1
Mikawa, S	1
Ebina, T	1
Suzuki, M	1
Doi, M	1
Otawara, Y	1
Ogasawara, K	1
Ogawa, A	1
Okada, Y	1
Pasqualin, A	2
Kaku, Y	1
Yonekawa, Y	1
Massiou, H	1
Chaumet-Riffaud, P	1
Bourdeix, I	1
Toyota, A	1
Marzatico, F	2
Gaetani, P	2
Spanu, G	1
Buratti, E	1
Rodriguez y Baena, R	2
Kamata, K	2
Nishiyama, H	2
Miyata, N	2
Kasuya, Y	2
Vollmer, DG	1
Marron, JA	1
Sugawa, M	1
Johshita, H	1
Takuwa, Y	1
Adams, HP	4
Benzi, G	1
Pacchiarini, L	1
Paoletti, P	1
Arista, A	1
Montarry, M	1
Chacornac, R	1
Philippon, B	1
Bouchet, C	1
Guichard, P	1
Flamm, ES	3
Biller, J	2
Godersky, JC	3
Beck, DW	2
Loftus, CM	2
Pinto, RS	1
Marler, JR	1
Walker, MD	1
Boarini, DJ	1
Homs, JB	1
Lepresle, E	1
Rostaing, S	1
Nguyen, JP	1
Février, MJ	1
Wilmart, P	1
Payen, D	1
Lamer, C	1

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
The Intra-arterial Vasospasm Trial(iVAST)- A Multi-center Randomized Study[NCT01996436]	Phase 4	330 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2016-08-29	Recruiting
the Effect of Different Modes of Mechanical Ventilation on Cerebral Blood Flow During Thoracoscopic Surgeries in Neonates (RCT)[NCT04507295]		30 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-08-08	Not yet recruiting
Phase II Study of the Effects of Tiopronin on 3-Aminopropanal Level & Neurologic Outcome After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage[NCT01095731]	Phase 2	60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-04-30	Completed
Treatment of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage With Human Albumin[NCT00283400]		47 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-01-31	Terminated (stopped due to Study met safety endpoints)
Efficacy and Safety of Cilostazol-Nimodipine Combined Therapy on Delayed Cerebral Ischemia After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (aSAH): A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Trial[NCT04148105]	Phase 4	120 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2019-11-01	Recruiting
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Number of subjects with good clinical outcome defined as a Glasgw Outcome Scale score of 0-1 (NCT00283400)
Timeframe: 3 months after enrollment

Safety and Tolerability of the 25% Human Albumin Dosages and the Functional Outcome.

Intervention	participants (Number)
Dosage Tier 1	13
Dosage Tier 2	17
Dosage Tier 3	3

Tolerability outcome: Subject's ability to receive the full allocated human albumin dose without incurring frank congestive heart failure or experiencing anaphylactic reactions that required discontinuation of the treatment. Study would be terminated if 2 or more subjects developed severe or life-threatening heart failure considered to be related (probably, possibly, and definitely) to albumin treatment. (NCT00283400)
Timeframe: 9 days after enrollment

Serious Adverse Events

Intervention	participants (Number)
Dosage Tier 1	0
Dosage Tier 2	1
Dosage Tier 3	2

"Serious adverse events included neurological and medical complications and neurological deterioration.~Neurological deterioration was defined as a decline by more than 2 points in the Glasgow Coma Scale." (NCT00283400)
Timeframe: within 3 months after enrollment

Article	Year
Lessons Learned from Phase II and Phase III Trials Investigating Therapeutic Agents for Cerebral Ischemia Associated with Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Neurocritical care, 2022, Volume: 36, Issue:2 Topics: Brain Ischemia; Cerebral Infarction; Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic; Clinical Trials, Phase III	2022
Prophylactic Therapies for Morbidity and Mortality After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials. Stroke, 2022, Volume: 53, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Brain Ischemia; Cilostazol; Humans; Magnesium; Morbidity; Network Meta-Analysis; Nicardipine;	2022
Effects of Various Therapeutic Agents on Vasospasm and Functional Outcome After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage-Results of a Network Meta-Analysis. World neurosurgery, 2021, Volume: 155 Topics: Cilostazol; Delayed-Action Preparations; Humans; Network Meta-Analysis; Nicardipine; Randomized Cont	2021
Nicardipine Prolonged Release Implants for Prevention of Delayed Cerebral Ischemia after Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Meta-Analysis. Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association, 2021, Volume: 30, Issue:10 Topics: Brain Ischemia; Drug Implants; Humans; Incidence; Network Meta-Analysis; Nicardipine; Recovery of Fu	2021
Effectiveness of intrathecal nicardipine on cerebral vasospasm in non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage: a systematic review. JBI database of systematic reviews and implementation reports, 2018, Volume: 16, Issue:10 Topics: Adult; Blood Flow Velocity; Cross Infection; Female; Humans; Injections, Spinal; Intensive Care Unit	2018
Systematic Review of Intrathecal Nicardipine for the Treatment of Cerebral Vasospasm in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Neurocritical care, 2019, Volume: 31, Issue:2 Topics: Blood Flow Velocity; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Humans; Injections, Intraventricular; Injections,	2019
Intracranial Administration of Nicardipine After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Review of the Literature. World neurosurgery, 2019, Volume: 125 Topics: Drug Implants; Female; Humans; Injections; Male; Nicardipine; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage; Vasodilator A	2019
SAHIT Investigators--on the outcome of some subarachnoid hemorrhage clinical trials. Translational stroke research, 2013, Volume: 4, Issue:3 Topics: Antioxidants; Brain Infarction; Calcium Channel Blockers; Critical Care; Dioxanes; Drug Therapy, Com	2013
Nicardipine: a hypotensive dihydropyridine-type calcium antagonist with a peculiar cerebrovascular profile. Clinical and experimental hypertension (New York, N.Y. : 1993), 2008, Volume: 30, Issue:8 Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Pressure; Calcium Channel Blockers; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Dement	2008
Nicardipine use in cerebrovascular disease: a review of controlled clinical studies. Journal of the neurological sciences, 2009, Aug-15, Volume: 283, Issue:1-2 Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Calcium Channel Blockers; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Cognition; Cognition D	2009
Use of injectable nicardipine for neurovascular indications. Pharmacotherapy, 2009, Volume: 29, Issue:4 Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Cerebral Hemorrhage; Humans; Hypertension; Injections; Meta-Analysis as Top	2009
Vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: recent advances in endovascular management. Current opinion in critical care, 2010, Volume: 16, Issue:2 Topics: 1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine; Angioplasty, Balloon; Critical Care; Endovascular Pro	2010
Nicardipine in the treatment of aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage: a meta-analysis of published data. Acta neurologica Belgica, 2013, Volume: 113, Issue:1 Topics: Aneurysm, Ruptured; Calcium Channel Blockers; Humans; Nicardipine; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage; Treatmen	2013
Therapeutic approaches to vasospasm in subarachnoid hemorrhage. Current opinion in critical care, 2002, Volume: 8, Issue:2 Topics: Angioplasty, Balloon; Blood Volume; Calcium Channel Blockers; Fibrinolytic Agents; Fluid Therapy; He	2002
[Antihypertensive management in acute cerebral stroke]. Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania), 2005, Volume: 41, Issue:1 Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Antihypertensive Agents; Brain Injuries; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Emergenc	2005
Blood pressure management in patients with intracerebral and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurosurgery clinics of North America, 2006, Volume: 17 Suppl 1 Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Flow Velocity; Blood Pressure; Blood Volume; Brain; Brain Ischemia; E	2006
[Basic research and treatment for cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage: the present and future prospects]. No shinkei geka. Neurological surgery, 2008, Volume: 36, Issue:2 Topics: 1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine; Acute Disease; Angioplasty, Balloon; Calcium Channel	2008
Nicardipine and treatment of cerebrovascular diseases with particular reference to hypertension-related disorders. Clinical and experimental hypertension (New York, N.Y. : 1993), 1995, Volume: 17, Issue:5 Topics: Aged; Animals; Brain; Brain Ischemia; Calcium Channels; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Humans; Hypertens	1995
Calcium antagonists for the treatment of vasospasm following subarachnoid haemorrhage. Neurological research, 1993, Volume: 15, Issue:4 Topics: Animals; Calcium Channel Blockers; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Diltiazem; Humans; Ischemic Attack,	1993
Cerebral vasospasm. Clinical neurosurgery, 1993, Volume: 40 Topics: Aneurysm, Ruptured; Blood Pressure; Blood Volume; Brain Ischemia; Catheterization; Cerebral Infarcti	1993
[Pharmacological treatment of vasospasm in subarachnoid hemorrhage]. Annales francaises d'anesthesie et de reanimation, 1996, Volume: 15, Issue:3 Topics: Antioxidants; Humans; Ischemic Attack, Transient; Lipid Peroxides; Male; Nicardipine; Nimodipine; Pa	1996
[Nicardipine and its indications in neurology]. Revista de neurologia, 1997, Volume: 25, Issue:144 Topics: Brain Ischemia; Calcium Channel Blockers; Dementia; Epilepsy; Humans; Migraine Disorders; Moyamoya D	1997
Calcium antagonists in the management of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a review. Angiology, 1990, Volume: 41, Issue:11 Pt 2 Topics: Calcium Channel Blockers; Cerebral Infarction; Humans; Intracranial Aneurysm; Ischemic Attack, Trans	1990

Article	Year
Effects of diltiazem on sympathetic activity in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Acta neurochirurgica. Supplement, 2015, Volume: 120 Topics: Acute Disease; Aged; Calcium Channel Blockers; Diltiazem; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicardi	2015
Intra-arterial nicardipine infusion improves CT perfusion-measured cerebral blood flow in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage-induced vasospasm. AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology, 2009, Volume: 30, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Contrast Media; Female; Humans; Infusions, Intra-Arterial; Male;	2009
Management of hypertensive emergencies in acute brain disease: evaluation of the treatment effects of intravenous nicardipine on cerebral oxygenation. Journal of neurosurgery, 2008, Volume: 109, Issue:6 Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Aged; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Pressure; Brain; Brain Injuries; Cerebral	2008
Characterization of functional outcome and quality of life following subarachnoid hemorrhage in patients treated with and without nicardipine prolonged-release implants. Journal of neurosurgery, 2009, Volume: 110, Issue:5 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Delayed-Action Preparations; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Interview	2009
The effect of intraventricular administration of nicardipine on mean cerebral blood flow velocity measured by transcranial Doppler in the treatment of vasospasm following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurocritical care, 2010, Volume: 12, Issue:2 Topics: Calcium Channel Blockers; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Female; Humans; Injections, Intraventricular;	2010
Clinical trial of nicardipine prolonged-release implants for preventing cerebral vasospasm: multicenter cooperative study in Tokyo. Acta neurochirurgica. Supplement, 2011, Volume: 110, Issue:Pt 2 Topics: 1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine; Adult; Aged; Calcium Channel Blockers; Cooperative Be	2011
Feasibility of intraventricular nicardipine prolonged release implants in patients following aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage. British journal of neurosurgery, 2011, Volume: 25, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Angiography, Digital Subtraction; Brain Infarction; Cerebral Ventricles; Delayed-Action	2011
Development of nicardipine prolonged-release implants after clipping for preventing cerebral vasospasm: from laboratory to clinical trial. Acta neurochirurgica. Supplement, 2013, Volume: 115 Topics: Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Dogs; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; Drug D	2013
Application of nicardipine prolonged-release implants: analysis of 97 consecutive patients with acute subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurosurgery, 2005, Volume: 56, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Aged; Antihypertensive Agents; Craniotomy; Drug Implants; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged;	2005
Effect of nicardipine prolonged-release implants on cerebral vasospasm and clinical outcome after severe aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a prospective, randomized, double-blind phase IIa study. Stroke, 2007, Volume: 38, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Delayed-Action Preparations; Double-Blind Method; Drug Implants; Female; Humans; Intracranial	2007
Effects of prophylactic intrathecal administrations of nicardipine on vasospasm in patients with severe aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage. Acta neurochirurgica, 1994, Volume: 131, Issue:1-2 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aneurysm, Ruptured; Basilar Artery; Cerebral Angiography; Female; Humans; Injections, S	1994
Medical complications of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a report of the multicenter, cooperative aneurysm study. Participants of the Multicenter Cooperative Aneurysm Study. Critical care medicine, 1995, Volume: 23, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aneurysm, Ruptured; Cause of Death; Critical Care; Double-Blind Meth	1995
A randomized trial of two doses of nicardipine in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. A report of the Cooperative Aneurysm Study. Journal of neurosurgery, 1994, Volume: 80, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Intracranial Aneurysm; Ischemic Attack, Transient; Male;	1994
Plasma glucose levels and outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Journal of neurosurgery, 1993, Volume: 79, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Glasgow Coma Scale; Humans; Intracranial Aneurysm; Middle Aged; Multivariate A	1993
A randomized controlled trial of high-dose intravenous nicardipine in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. A report of the Cooperative Aneurysm Study. Journal of neurosurgery, 1993, Volume: 78, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Double-Blind Method; Female; Glasgow Coma Scale; Humans; Incidence; Infusions, Intravenous; I	1993
A randomized controlled trial of high-dose intravenous nicardipine in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. A report of the Cooperative Aneurysm Study. Journal of neurosurgery, 1993, Volume: 78, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Double-Blind Method; Female; Glasgow Coma Scale; Humans; Incidence; Infusions, Intravenous; I	1993
A randomized controlled trial of high-dose intravenous nicardipine in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. A report of the Cooperative Aneurysm Study. Journal of neurosurgery, 1993, Volume: 78, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Double-Blind Method; Female; Glasgow Coma Scale; Humans; Incidence; Infusions, Intravenous; I	1993
A randomized controlled trial of high-dose intravenous nicardipine in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. A report of the Cooperative Aneurysm Study. Journal of neurosurgery, 1993, Volume: 78, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Double-Blind Method; Female; Glasgow Coma Scale; Humans; Incidence; Infusions, Intravenous; I	1993
A randomized trial of nicardipine in subarachnoid hemorrhage: angiographic and transcranial Doppler ultrasound results. A report of the Cooperative Aneurysm Study. Journal of neurosurgery, 1993, Volume: 78, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous; Ischemic Attack, Transient; Male	1993
Risk classification after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Surgical neurology, 1998, Volume: 49, Issue:2 Topics: Calcium Channel Blockers; Female; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous; Intracranial Aneurysm; Logistic Mo	1998
Efficacy and safety of nicardipine prolonged-release implants for preventing vasospasm in humans. Stroke, 2002, Volume: 33, Issue:4 Topics: Aged; Anterior Cerebral Artery; Carotid Artery, Internal; Cerebral Angiography; Craniotomy; Delayed-	2002
Nicardipine in the prevention of spasm-induced neurological deficits after subarachnoid hemorrhage: a dose-ranging study. Surgical neurology, 1992, Volume: 38, Issue:1 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Chi-Square Distribution; Female; Humans; Hypotension; Infusions,	1992
Calcium antagonists in the management of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a review. Angiology, 1990, Volume: 41, Issue:11 Pt 2 Topics: Calcium Channel Blockers; Cerebral Infarction; Humans; Intracranial Aneurysm; Ischemic Attack, Trans	1990

Article	Year
Comparative Study of Vasodilatation After Intra-arterial Nicardipine or Dantrolene Infusion in Animal Model of Cerebral Vasospasm. Clinical neuroradiology, 2022, Volume: 32, Issue:4 Topics: Animals; Dantrolene; Models, Animal; Nicardipine; Rabbits; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage; Vasospasm, Intra	2022
HummingFlow: novel single twist-drill access for ventricular drainage, irrigation, monitoring, and automated local drug delivery in subarachnoid hemorrhage. Journal of neurosurgery, 2023, 10-01, Volume: 139, Issue:4 Topics: Cerebral Hemorrhage; Drainage; Humans; Nicardipine; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage; Tissue Plasminogen Acti	2023
Twelve-year single critical care center experience of nicardipine prolonged-release implants in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage: a propensity score matching analysis. Journal of neurointerventional surgery, 2020, Volume: 12, Issue:8 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cerebral Infarction; Critical Care; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Age	2020
Use of single versus multiple vasodilator agents in the treatment of cerebral vasospasm: is more better than less? Acta neurochirurgica, 2021, Volume: 163, Issue:1 Topics: Female; Humans; Infusions, Intra-Arterial; Male; Middle Aged; Nicardipine; Nitroglycerin; Retrospect	2021
Does intrathecal nicardipine for cerebral vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage correlate with reduced delayed cerebral ischemia? A retrospective propensity score-based analysis. Journal of neurosurgery, 2022, Jan-01, Volume: 136, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Aneurysm, Ruptured; Aortic Rupture; Calcium Channel Blockers; Critical Car	2022
Preventing Cerebral Vasospasm After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage with Aggressive Cisternal Clot Removal and Nicardipine. World neurosurgery, 2017, Volume: 107 Topics: Aged; Female; Humans; Intracranial Thrombosis; Male; Middle Aged; Nicardipine; Observer Variation; P	2017
In vitro and in vivo testing of a novel local nicardipine delivery system to the brain: a preclinical study. Journal of neurosurgery, 2019, 01-25, Volume: 132, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Brain; Calcium Channel Blockers; Delayed-Action Preparations; Drug Delivery Systems; Drug E	2019
Endovascular management of cerebral vasospasm following aneurysm rupture: outcomes and predictors in 116 patients. Clinical neurology and neurosurgery, 2014, Volume: 118 Topics: Adult; Aged; Angioplasty, Balloon; Calcium Channel Blockers; Cerebral Infarction; Combined Modality	2014
Early rebleeding in patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage under intensive blood pressure management. Journal of clinical neuroscience : official journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia, 2015, Volume: 22, Issue:8 Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Pressure; Disease Management; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nica	2015
Effects of Clot Removal by Meticulous Irrigation and Continuous Low-Dose Intravenous Nicardipine on Symptomatic Cerebral Vasospasm in Patients with Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Treated by Clipping. World neurosurgery, 2015, Volume: 84, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Female; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous; Logistic Models; Male; Middle Aged; Nicardipine	2015
Risk factors for meningitis after craniotomy in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage due to anterior circulation aneurysms rupture. Clinical neurology and neurosurgery, 2015, Volume: 139 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aneurysm, Ruptured; Angiography, Digital Subtraction; Antibiotic Pro	2015
Acute effects of intraventricular nicardipine on cerebral hemodynamics: A preliminary finding. Clinical neurology and neurosurgery, 2016, Volume: 144 Topics: Adult; Aged; Brain; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Female; Hemodynamics; Humans; Infusions, Intraventr	2016
A comparison between evacuation from the scene and interhospital transportation using a helicopter for subarachnoid hemorrhage. The American journal of emergency medicine, 2017, Volume: 35, Issue:4 Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Air Ambulances; Ambulances; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Pressure; Female	2017
Effectiveness of intrathecal nicardipine on cerebral vasospasm in non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage: a systematic review protocol. JBI database of systematic reviews and implementation reports, 2017, Volume: 15, Issue:3 Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Humans; Injections, Spinal; Nicardipine; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage; Systemati	2017
Conservative treatment of ruptured vertebrobasilar dissecting aneurysm. Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology, 2008, Volume: 29, Issue:4 Topics: Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antihypertensive Agents; Basilar Artery; Bed Rest; B	2008
Use of intrathecal nicardipine for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage-induced cerebral vasospasm. Southern medical journal, 2009, Volume: 102, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Calcium Channel Blockers; Female; Humans; Injections, Spinal; Male; Middle Aged; Nicardipine;	2009
Super-selective intra-arterial magnesium sulfate in combination with nicardipine for the treatment of cerebral vasospasm in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurocritical care, 2009, Volume: 11, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Aged; Analgesics; Angioplasty; Blood Pressure; Cerebral Arteries; Female; Humans; Infusions,	2009
Overlapping features of eclampsia and postpartum angiopathy. Neurocritical care, 2009, Volume: 11, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Eclampsia; Female; Headache; Humans; Methylprednisolone; Nicardipi	2009
Hemodynamic management and outcome of patients treated for cerebral vasospasm with intraarterial nicardipine and/or milrinone. Anesthesia and analgesia, 2010, Mar-01, Volume: 110, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Pressure; Calcium Channel Blockers; Drug Therapy, Combination;	2010
Nicardipine infusion for blood pressure control in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurocritical care, 2010, Volume: 13, Issue:2 Topics: Aged; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Pressure; Diastole; Female; Glasgow Coma Scale; Homeostasis; Hu	2010
Nicardipine pellets for the prevention of cerebral vasospasm. Acta neurochirurgica. Supplement, 2011, Volume: 110, Issue:Pt 2 Topics: Angiography, Digital Subtraction; Calcium Channel Blockers; Delayed-Action Preparations; Humans; Lon	2011
High-dose intra-arterial nicardipine results in hypotension following vasospasm treatment in subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurocritical care, 2011, Volume: 15, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Pressure; Cerebral Angiography; Circle of Willis; Dose-Respons	2011
The use of nicardipine prolonged release implants (NPRI) in microsurgical clipping after aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage: comparison with endovascular treatment. Acta neurochirurgica, 2011, Volume: 153, Issue:11 Topics: Case-Control Studies; Delayed-Action Preparations; Drug Implants; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged;	2011
Cortical spreading ischemia in the absence of proximal vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: evidence for a dual mechanism of delayed cerebral ischemia. Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 2012, Volume: 32, Issue:2 Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Brain Ischemia; Cortical Spreading Depression; Female; Humans; Male; Nicard	2012
Delayed cerebral ischemia and spreading depolarization in absence of angiographic vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 2012, Volume: 32, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Aged; Angiography, Digital Subtraction; Antihypertensive Agents; Brain; Brain Ischemia; Corti	2012
Intraventricular nicardipine for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage related vasospasm: assessment of 90 days outcome. Neurocritical care, 2012, Volume: 16, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Calcium Channel Blockers; Case-Control Studies; Critical Care; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Hum	2012
[Suspected diltiazem intoxication resulting in repeated asystole after the induction of anesthesia]. Masui. The Japanese journal of anesthesiology, 2012, Volume: 61, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Anesthesia; Diltiazem; Drug Interactions; Embolization, Therapeutic; Heart Arrest; Humans; In	2012
Cisternal sustained release dihydropyridines for subarachnoid hemorrhage. Current neurovascular research, 2012, Volume: 9, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Delayed-Action Preparations; Dihydropyridines; Disease Models, Animal; Dogs; Female; Macaca	2012
Retrospective evaluation of nicardipine versus labetalol for blood pressure control in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurocritical care, 2012, Volume: 16, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Aged; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Pressure; Critical Care; Female; Humans; Hypertension; L	2012
Effectiveness and safety of nicardipine and labetalol infusion for blood pressure management in patients with intracerebral and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurocritical care, 2013, Volume: 18, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Aged; Antihypertensive Agents; Cerebral Hemorrhage; Cohort Studies; Drug Therapy, Combination	2013
The utility of cone beam volume CT in the evaluation of thrombosed intracranial aneurysms in subarachnoid hemorrhage. Journal of neurointerventional surgery, 2013, Volume: 5, Issue:6 Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Aneurysm, Ruptured; Angiography, Digital Subtraction; Angioplasty, Ballo	2013
Application of nicardipine prolonged-release implants: analysis of 97 consecutive patients with acute subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurosurgery, 2006, Volume: 58, Issue:4 Topics: Acute Disease; Delayed-Action Preparations; Drug Implants; Humans; Nicardipine; Subarachnoid Hemorrh	2006
Anesthetic considerations of selective intra-arterial nicardipine injection for intracranial vasospasm: a case series. Journal of neurosurgical anesthesiology, 2007, Volume: 19, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Aged; Anesthesia; Blood Pressure; Calcium Channel Blockers; Female; Heart Rate; Humans; Injec	2007
Safety and feasibility of intra-arterial nicardipine for the treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage-associated vasospasm: initial clinical experience with high-dose infusions. AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology, 2007, Volume: 28, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Aged; Cerebral Angiography; Feasibility Studies; Female; Humans; Infusions, Intra-Arterial; M	2007
Nicardipine prolonged-release implants for preventing cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage: effect and outcome in the first 100 patients. Neurologia medico-chirurgica, 2007, Volume: 47, Issue:9 Topics: Aged; Aneurysm, Ruptured; Drug Implants; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Intracranial Aneurysm; M	2007
[Endovascular treatment of vasospasm following subarachnoid aneurysmal haemorrhage]. Annales francaises d'anesthesie et de reanimation, 2007, Volume: 26, Issue:11 Topics: Calcium Channel Blockers; Humans; Intracranial Aneurysm; Nicardipine; Nimodipine; Nitroprusside; Pap	2007
Intraventricular nicardipine for refractory cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurocritical care, 2008, Volume: 8, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Aged; Brain; Brain Ischemia; Female; Humans; Injections, Intraventricular; Male; Middle Aged;	2008
[Sustained-release pellet of vasodilators--basic experiment]. No shinkei geka. Neurological surgery, 1984, Volume: 12, Issue:11 Topics: Delayed-Action Preparations; Diltiazem; Humans; Intracranial Aneurysm; Ischemic Attack, Transient; N	1984
Early operation of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage--use of nicardipine, a calcium channel blocker. Nihon geka hokan. Archiv fur japanische Chirurgie, 1984, Sep-01, Volume: 53, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Aged; Calcium Channel Blockers; Female; Humans; Intracranial Aneurysm; Male; Middle Aged; Nic	1984
Treatment of severe localized cerebral vasospasm following recurrent hemorrhage from middle cerebral artery aneurysm--case report. Neurologia medico-chirurgica, 1993, Volume: 33, Issue:12 Topics: Brain; Cerebral Angiography; Cerebral Arteries; Female; Humans; Intracranial Aneurysm; Ischemic Atta	1993
Increased influence of calcium and nicardipine on rabbit basilar artery reactivity after brief subarachnoid hemorrhage. Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology, 1993, Volume: 21, Issue:5 Topics: Animals; Basilar Artery; Calcium; Extracellular Space; In Vitro Techniques; Isometric Contraction; M	1993
Medical management of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Critical care medicine, 1995, Volume: 23, Issue:6 Topics: Combined Modality Therapy; Critical Care; Humans; Intracranial Aneurysm; Multicenter Studies as Topi	1995
Are the calcium antagonists really useful in cerebral aneurysmal surgery? A retrospective study. Neurosurgery, 1994, Volume: 35, Issue:3 Topics: Brain Ischemia; Calcium Channel Blockers; Humans; Intracranial Aneurysm; Neuropsychological Tests; N	1994
[Controversies in the surgical treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage with special reference to the prognosis of patients]. Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine, 1993, Volume: 51 Suppl Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Aneurysm, Ruptured; Female; Humans; Intracranial Aneurysm; Male; Middle Ag	1993
[The pathogenesis and the preventive treatment of cerebral vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage--especially clinical and pharmacological effect of Ca++ antagonist for vasospasm]. Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine, 1993, Volume: 51 Suppl Topics: Animals; Calcium Channel Blockers; Cattle; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Diltiazem; Humans; Ischemic	1993
Are the calcium antagonists really useful in cerebral aneurysmal surgery? A retrospective study. Neurosurgery, 1994, Volume: 34, Issue:1 Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Adult; Aged; Brain Ischemia; Calcium Channel Blockers; Cerebral Angiogra	1994
Changes in the cerebrovascular effects of endothelin-1 and nicardipine after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurosurgery, 1993, Volume: 33, Issue:4 Topics: Animals; Blood Flow Velocity; Blood Pressure; Brain; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Endothelins;	1993
[High dose nicardipine therapy for delayed cerebral vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage]. No shinkei geka. Neurological surgery, 1993, Volume: 21, Issue:11 Topics: Adult; Aged; Cerebral Angiography; Constriction; Female; Humans; Ischemic Attack, Transient; Male; M	1993
The role of active smooth-muscle contraction in the occurrence of chronic vasospasm in the canine two-hemorrhage model. Journal of neurosurgery, 1994, Volume: 80, Issue:2 Topics: 1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine; Animals; Basilar Artery; Dogs; Female; Ischemic Attac	1994
Experimental basilar artery spasm caused by autologous blood application: effects of clot removal and topical nicardipine. Acta neurochirurgica, 1993, Volume: 121, Issue:1-2 Topics: Animals; Basilar Artery; Blood Pressure; Carbon Dioxide; Disease Models, Animal; Hydrogen-Ion Concen	1993
Intra-arterial infusion of papaverine combined with intravenous administration of high-dose nicardipine for cerebral vasospasm. Acta neurochirurgica, 1995, Volume: 135, Issue:3-4 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aneurysm, Ruptured; Calcium Channel Blockers; Cerebral Angiography; Dose-Response Relat	1995
[Efficacy of nicardipine prolonged-release pellet on cerebral vasospasm in dogs]. No shinkei geka. Neurological surgery, 1998, Volume: 26, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Delayed-Action Preparations; Disease Models, Animal; Dogs; Infusion Pumps, Implantable; Isc	1998
Prevention of cerebral vasospasm by nicardipine prolonged-release implants in dogs. Neurological research, 2000, Volume: 22, Issue:6 Topics: Animals; Brain; Cerebral Angiography; Delayed-Action Preparations; Disease Models, Animal; Dogs; Dru	2000
[The efficacy and safety of the nicardipine prolonged-release implant in a canine double hemorrhage model]. No shinkei geka. Neurological surgery, 2000, Volume: 28, Issue:12 Topics: Animals; Delayed-Action Preparations; Disease Models, Animal; Dogs; Drug Implants; Nicardipine; Safe	2000
[Continuous intrathecal administration of nicardipine using a portable infusion pump system for management of vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage]. No shinkei geka. Neurological surgery, 2001, Volume: 29, Issue:1 Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Disposable Equipment; Female; Humans; Infusion Pumps, Implantable; Injectio	2001
Development of nicardipine prolonged-release implants for preventing vasospasm. Acta neurochirurgica. Supplement, 2001, Volume: 77 Topics: Animals; Dogs; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Implants; In Vitro Techniques; Nicardipine; Su	2001
Intrathecal administration of nicardipine hydrochloride to prevent vasospasm in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurosurgical review, 2001, Volume: 24, Issue:4 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antihypertensive Agents; Cerebral Angiography; Female; H	2001
Effect of nicardipine on basilar artery vasoactive responses after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurosurgery, 1992, Volume: 31, Issue:4 Topics: Acetylcholine; Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Basilar Artery; Blood Pressure; Dose-Response Relati	1992
Superselective intra-arterial infusion of papaverine for the treatment of cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Journal of neurosurgery, 1992, Volume: 77, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aneurysm, Ruptured; Angioplasty, Balloon; Female; Humans; Infusions,	1992
[Cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage, and inhibitory effect of nicardipine investigated by means of transcranial Doppler ultrasonography]. No shinkei geka. Neurological surgery, 1991, Volume: 19, Issue:12 Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Flow Velocity; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Echoencephalography; Female; Humans;	1991
Effects of nicardipine treatment on Na(+)-K+ ATPase and lipid peroxidation after experimental subarachnoid haemorrhage. Acta neurochirurgica, 1991, Volume: 108, Issue:3-4 Topics: Animals; Brain; Ischemic Attack, Transient; Lipid Peroxidation; Lipid Peroxides; Male; Nicardipine;	1991
Effects of CD-349, a dihydropyridine derivative, on contraction induced by vasoactive agents in canine basilar artery after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Research communications in chemical pathology and pharmacology, 1991, Volume: 72, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Basilar Artery; Calcium; Dihydropyridines; Dogs; Endothelium, Vascular; In Vitro Techniques	1991
The effect of nicardipine on vasospasm in rabbit basilar artery after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurosurgery, 1991, Volume: 29, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Basilar Artery; Blood Pressure; Injections, Intravenous; Injections, Intraventricular; Isch	1991
Activation of the protein kinase C-mediated contractile system in canine basilar artery undergoing chronic vasospasm. Stroke, 1991, Volume: 22, Issue:9 Topics: 1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine; Animals; Basilar Artery; Chronic Disease; Dinoprost;	1991
Changes in responsiveness of the canine basilar artery to endothelin-1 after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Life sciences, 1991, Volume: 49, Issue:3 Topics: Animals; Basilar Artery; Calcium; Calcium Channel Blockers; Dihydropyridines; Dogs; Endothelins; In	1991
Effects of nicardipine on the ex vivo release of eicosanoids after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage. Journal of neurosurgery, 1989, Volume: 71, Issue:6 Topics: 6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha; Animals; Dinoprostone; Eicosanoids; Male; Nicardipine; Prostaglandin D	1989
The distribution of intravenous nicardipine in rat brain after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Surgical neurology, 1989, Volume: 32, Issue:3 Topics: Animals; Autoradiography; Brain; Injections, Intravenous; Male; Nicardipine; Osmolar Concentration;	1989
[Effects of an intravenous injection of nicardipine on cerebral blood flow in subarachnoid hemorrhage caused by intracranial aneurysm]. Agressologie: revue internationale de physio-biologie et de pharmacologie appliquees aux effets de l'agression, 1989, Volume: 30, Issue:7 Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Pressure; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Female; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; I	1989
The potential use of nicardipine in cerebrovascular disease. American heart journal, 1989, Volume: 117, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Body Water; Brain; Brain Ischemia; Calcium; Humans; Ischemic Attack, Transient; Nicardipine	1989
Management of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Stroke, 1988, Volume: 19, Issue:10 Topics: Aminocaproic Acid; Humans; Intracranial Aneurysm; Nervous System Diseases; Nicardipine; Nimodipine;	1988
Combination of aminocaproic acid and nicardipine in treatment of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Stroke, 1988, Volume: 19, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aminocaproates; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Intracranial Aneurysm; Male;	1988
Dose-escalation study of intravenous nicardipine in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Journal of neurosurgery, 1988, Volume: 68, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Aged; Female; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous; Intracranial Aneurysm; Ischemic Attack, Transie	1988
[Influence of a calcium inhibitor on the neurologic development after meningeal hemorrhage caused by aneurysm rupture]. Agressologie: revue internationale de physio-biologie et de pharmacologie appliquees aux effets de l'agression, 1987, Volume: 28, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Intracranial Aneurysm; Ischemic Attack, Transient; Male; M	1987
[Hemodynamic carotid effects of the administration of nicardipine during the early phase of meningeal hemorrhage]. Agressologie: revue internationale de physio-biologie et de pharmacologie appliquees aux effets de l'agression, 1987, Volume: 28, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Carotid Arteries; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Hemodynamics; Humans; Injections, Intra-Arteri	1987

nicardipine and Hemorrhage, Subarachnoid