niacinamide has been researched along with Brain Ischemia in 50 studies
nicotinamide : A pyridinecarboxamide that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxamide group.
Brain Ischemia: Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION.
| Excerpt | Relevance | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| " The results provide, to our knowledge, the first evidence that nicaraven is effective against ischemia-reperfusion injury in the brain and demonstrate that oxygen free radicals generated during reperfusion are important triggers of ischemic brain damage." | 7.69 | Attenuation of ischemia-reperfusion injury in the rat neocortex by the hydroxyl radical scavenger nicaraven. ( Kassell, NF; Lee, KS; Toyoda, T, 1997) |
| " These data suggest that administration of NMN at a proper dosage has a strong protective effect against ischemic brain injury." | 5.43 | Nicotinamide mononucleotide inhibits post-ischemic NAD(+) degradation and dramatically ameliorates brain damage following global cerebral ischemia. ( Kristian, T; Long, A; Owens, K; Park, JH, 2016) |
| " The results provide, to our knowledge, the first evidence that nicaraven is effective against ischemia-reperfusion injury in the brain and demonstrate that oxygen free radicals generated during reperfusion are important triggers of ischemic brain damage." | 3.69 | Attenuation of ischemia-reperfusion injury in the rat neocortex by the hydroxyl radical scavenger nicaraven. ( Kassell, NF; Lee, KS; Toyoda, T, 1997) |
| "Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of human death and disability." | 1.72 | Acutely Inhibiting AQP4 With TGN-020 Improves Functional Outcome by Attenuating Edema and Peri-Infarct Astrogliosis After Cerebral Ischemia. ( Hao, X; Li, C; Lin, L; Ren, Y; Sun, C; Tian, J; Yang, Y; Yin, L; Zhang, X, 2022) |
| "TGN-020 significantly reduced oedema, glial scar, albumin effusion, and apoptosis, at both 3 and 7 days after MCAO." | 1.46 | Inhibition of Aquaporin-4 Improves the Outcome of Ischaemic Stroke and Modulates Brain Paravascular Drainage Pathways. ( Balsanu, TA; Bogdan, C; Carare, RO; Divan, T; Margaritescu, C; Mogoanta, L; Muresanu, DF; Pirici, D; Pirici, I; Vitalie, V, 2017) |
| " These data suggest that administration of NMN at a proper dosage has a strong protective effect against ischemic brain injury." | 1.43 | Nicotinamide mononucleotide inhibits post-ischemic NAD(+) degradation and dramatically ameliorates brain damage following global cerebral ischemia. ( Kristian, T; Long, A; Owens, K; Park, JH, 2016) |
| "Zinc neurotoxicity has been demonstrated in ischemic, seizure, hypoglycemic, and trauma-induced neuronal death where Zn(2+) is thought to be synaptically released and taken up in neighbouring neurons, reaching toxic concentrations." | 1.33 | Zinc neurotoxicity is dependent on intracellular NAD levels and the sirtuin pathway. ( Cai, AL; Sheline, CT; Zipfel, GJ, 2006) |
| Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 3 (6.00) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 5 (10.00) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 15 (30.00) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 23 (46.00) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 4 (8.00) | 2.80 |
| Authors | Studies |
|---|---|
| Ferraris, D | 1 |
| Ko, YS | 1 |
| Pahutski, T | 1 |
| Ficco, RP | 1 |
| Serdyuk, L | 1 |
| Alemu, C | 1 |
| Bradford, C | 1 |
| Chiou, T | 1 |
| Hoover, R | 1 |
| Huang, S | 1 |
| Lautar, S | 1 |
| Liang, S | 1 |
| Lin, Q | 1 |
| Lu, MX | 1 |
| Mooney, M | 1 |
| Morgan, L | 1 |
| Qian, Y | 1 |
| Tran, S | 1 |
| Williams, LR | 1 |
| Wu, QY | 1 |
| Zhang, J | 1 |
| Zou, Y | 1 |
| Kalish, V | 1 |
| Sun, Y | 1 |
| Zhang, Y | 1 |
| Li, Y | 1 |
| Cheng, J | 1 |
| Chen, S | 1 |
| Xiao, Y | 1 |
| Ao, G | 1 |
| Sun, C | 1 |
| Lin, L | 1 |
| Yin, L | 1 |
| Hao, X | 1 |
| Tian, J | 1 |
| Zhang, X | 1 |
| Ren, Y | 1 |
| Li, C | 1 |
| Yang, Y | 1 |
| Kataeva, NG | 3 |
| Zamoshchina, TA | 3 |
| Svetlik, MV | 3 |
| Korotkova, EI | 3 |
| Voronova, OA | 3 |
| Poltavskaya, TS | 1 |
| Bazhenov, VA | 1 |
| Volojanin, AV | 1 |
| Belkin, AA | 1 |
| Leiderman, IN | 1 |
| Kovalenko, AL | 5 |
| Rizakhanova, OA | 1 |
| Parfenov, SA | 1 |
| Sapozhnikov, KV | 1 |
| Pirici, I | 1 |
| Balsanu, TA | 1 |
| Bogdan, C | 1 |
| Margaritescu, C | 1 |
| Divan, T | 1 |
| Vitalie, V | 1 |
| Mogoanta, L | 1 |
| Pirici, D | 1 |
| Carare, RO | 1 |
| Muresanu, DF | 1 |
| Krylov, VN | 2 |
| Deryugina, AV | 1 |
| Antipenko, EA | 4 |
| Savvina, IA | 1 |
| Cherebillo, VY | 1 |
| Zabrodskaya, YM | 1 |
| Petrova, AO | 1 |
| Sergeev, AV | 1 |
| Paltsev, AA | 1 |
| Rutkovskiy, RV | 1 |
| Malkhozova, AM | 1 |
| Siegel, CS | 1 |
| McCullough, LD | 1 |
| Deriugina, AV | 1 |
| Zakharova, OA | 1 |
| Madzhidova, EN | 3 |
| Khaĭdarova, DK | 1 |
| Khodzhaeva, DT | 1 |
| Rumyantseva, SA | 1 |
| Silina, EV | 3 |
| Chichanovskaya, LV | 1 |
| Nazarov, MV | 1 |
| Tsukurova, LA | 1 |
| Kabaeva, EN | 1 |
| Stupin, VA | 1 |
| Strukov, VI | 1 |
| Maksimova, MN | 1 |
| Kuptsova, TA | 1 |
| Lysev, SF | 1 |
| Shcherbakova, YG | 1 |
| Derugina, AV | 1 |
| Gustov, AV | 2 |
| Park, JH | 1 |
| Long, A | 1 |
| Owens, K | 1 |
| Kristian, T | 1 |
| Liu, D | 1 |
| Gharavi, R | 1 |
| Pitta, M | 1 |
| Gleichmann, M | 1 |
| Mattson, MP | 1 |
| Suslina, ZA | 2 |
| Klocheva, EG | 2 |
| Piradov, MA | 1 |
| Rumiantseva, SA | 3 |
| Romantsov, MG | 2 |
| Igarashi, H | 2 |
| Huber, VJ | 1 |
| Tsujita, M | 1 |
| Nakada, T | 1 |
| Degtiareva, EA | 1 |
| Zhdanova, OI | 1 |
| Mikheeva, AA | 1 |
| Avakian, AA | 1 |
| Tanashian, MM | 1 |
| Skoromets, AA | 1 |
| Fedin, AI | 1 |
| Sholomov, II | 1 |
| Shestakov, VV | 1 |
| Kosenkova, NV | 1 |
| Kichigina, EV | 1 |
| Larikova, TN | 1 |
| Starikova, NL | 1 |
| Sung, JH | 1 |
| Kim, MO | 1 |
| Koh, PO | 3 |
| Usmanova, DD | 2 |
| Baĭtursunova, ZhM | 2 |
| Bolevich, SB | 1 |
| Men'shova, NI | 1 |
| Leker, RR | 1 |
| Sadanaga-Akiyoshi, F | 2 |
| Yao, H | 2 |
| Tanuma, S | 1 |
| Nakahara, T | 1 |
| Hong, JS | 1 |
| Ibayashi, S | 2 |
| Uchimura, H | 1 |
| Fujishima, M | 1 |
| Klaidman, L | 2 |
| Morales, M | 1 |
| Kem, S | 2 |
| Yang, J | 2 |
| Chang, ML | 2 |
| Adams, JD | 2 |
| Gupta, S | 1 |
| Kaul, CL | 1 |
| Sharma, SS | 1 |
| Pellicciari, R | 1 |
| Camaioni, E | 1 |
| Costantino, G | 1 |
| Macleod, MR | 1 |
| O'Collins, T | 1 |
| Howells, DW | 1 |
| Donnan, GA | 1 |
| Katayama, Y | 1 |
| Bul'on, VV | 1 |
| Krylova, IB | 1 |
| Evdokimova, NR | 1 |
| Alekseeva, LE | 1 |
| Sapronov, NS | 1 |
| Iida, M | 1 |
| Cai, AL | 1 |
| Zipfel, GJ | 1 |
| Sheline, CT | 1 |
| Asano, T | 2 |
| Johshita, H | 2 |
| Koide, T | 2 |
| Takakura, K | 2 |
| Yoshimura, N | 1 |
| Okada, M | 1 |
| Ota, T | 1 |
| Nohara, H | 1 |
| Heurteaux, C | 1 |
| Bertaina, V | 1 |
| Widmann, C | 1 |
| Lazdunski, M | 1 |
| Toyoda, T | 1 |
| Kassell, NF | 1 |
| Lee, KS | 1 |
| Germanò, A | 1 |
| Imperatore, C | 1 |
| d'Avella, D | 1 |
| Costa, G | 1 |
| Tomasello, F | 1 |
| Ayoub, IA | 2 |
| Lee, EJ | 1 |
| Ogilvy, CS | 2 |
| Beal, MF | 1 |
| Maynard, KI | 2 |
| Frantseva, MV | 1 |
| Carlen, PL | 1 |
| Perez Velazquez, JL | 1 |
| Sakakibara, Y | 1 |
| Mitha, AP | 1 |
| Sugawara, T | 1 |
| Chan, PH | 1 |
| Shevata, VN | 1 |
| Geviak, OM | 1 |
| Gotoh, O | 1 |
| Usui, M | 1 |
| Shigeno, T | 1 |
4 reviews available for niacinamide and Brain Ischemia
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Nicaraven Chugai.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Brain Edema; Brain Ischemia; Cerebral Hemorrhage; Clinical Trials, Phase I as | 2003 |
3. Life or death decisions: the cast of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase (PARP) as a therapeutic target for brain ischaemia.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Brain Ischemia; Enzyme Inhibitors; Humans; Niacinamide; Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase | 2004 |
Pooling of animal experimental data reveals influence of study design and publication bias.
Topics: Animals; Brain Ischemia; Disease Models, Animal; Humans; Meta-Analysis as Topic; Neuroprotective Age | 2004 |
[Advances in the diagnosis and treatment of cerebral ischemia during the acute phase].
Topics: Acute-Phase Reaction; Antipyrine; Brain Ischemia; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Drug Design; Drug The | 2003 |
8 trials available for niacinamide and Brain Ischemia
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
[The efficacy of metabolic treatment in the early recovery period of patients with ischemic stroke].
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Pressure; Brain Ischemia; Cognition; Drug Combinat | 2020 |
[Event-related potentials in moderate cognitive impairment in patients with chronic cerebral ischemia treated with cytoflavin].
Topics: Acoustic Stimulation; Brain Ischemia; Cognition; Cognitive Dysfunction; Drug Combinations; Evoked Po | 2013 |
[Efficacy of antioxidant energocorreсtion in brain infarction (results of a multicenter randomized trial)].
Topics: Adult; Aged; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Brain Infarction; Brain Ischemia; Drug Combinations; Femal | 2014 |
[Efficacy of cytoflavin in the treatment of hypoxic-ischemic lesions of the nervous system in 1-month old children with transient neonatal hypothyroidism].
Topics: Antioxidants; Brain Ischemia; Congenital Hypothyroidism; Drug Combinations; Female; Flavin Mononucle | 2015 |
[An effect of cytoprotective therapy on stress resistance and compensatory abilities of patients with chronic cerebral ischemia].
Topics: Adult; Antioxidants; Brain Ischemia; Chronic Disease; Drug Combinations; Female; Flavin Mononucleoti | 2015 |
[The complex energy correction of chronic brain ischemia].
Topics: Antioxidants; Brain Ischemia; Cognition; Drug Combinations; Female; Flavin Mononucleotide; Humans; I | 2011 |
[Pharmacotherapy of basic clinical presentations of chronic brain ischemia].
Topics: Antioxidants; Brain Ischemia; Chronic Disease; Drug Combinations; Flavin Mononucleotide; Humans; Ino | 2011 |
[Dynamics of the symptoms of chronic ischemia during the treatment with cytoflavin].
Topics: Brain; Brain Ischemia; Chronic Disease; Drug Combinations; Female; Flavin Mononucleotide; Hemodynami | 2012 |
38 other studies available for niacinamide and Brain Ischemia
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Design and synthesis of poly ADP-ribose polymerase-1 inhibitors. 2. Biological evaluation of aza-5[H]-phenanthridin-6-ones as potent, aqueous-soluble compounds for the treatment of ischemic injuries.
Topics: Animals; Aza Compounds; Brain Ischemia; Dogs; Enzyme Inhibitors; Haplorhini; Humans; In Vitro Techni | 2003 |
Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel hydrogen sulfide releasing nicotinic acid derivatives.
Topics: Animals; Brain Ischemia; Cell Line; Cell Survival; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationshi | 2016 |
Acutely Inhibiting AQP4 With TGN-020 Improves Functional Outcome by Attenuating Edema and Peri-Infarct Astrogliosis After Cerebral Ischemia.
Topics: Animals; Aquaporin 4; Brain Edema; Brain Ischemia; Gliosis; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery; Magn | 2022 |
[Comparison of neurotropic and antioxidant activity of Cytoflavin and etilmetilgydroxypiridine succinat in patients with chronic brain ischemia].
Topics: Antioxidants; Brain Ischemia; Female; Humans; Inosine Diphosphate; Niacinamide | 2022 |
[Comparison of neurotropic and antioxidant activity of Cytoflavin and etilmetilgydroxypiridine succinat in patients with chronic brain ischemia].
Topics: Antioxidants; Brain Ischemia; Female; Humans; Inosine Diphosphate; Niacinamide | 2022 |
[Comparison of neurotropic and antioxidant activity of Cytoflavin and etilmetilgydroxypiridine succinat in patients with chronic brain ischemia].
Topics: Antioxidants; Brain Ischemia; Female; Humans; Inosine Diphosphate; Niacinamide | 2022 |
[Comparison of neurotropic and antioxidant activity of Cytoflavin and etilmetilgydroxypiridine succinat in patients with chronic brain ischemia].
Topics: Antioxidants; Brain Ischemia; Female; Humans; Inosine Diphosphate; Niacinamide | 2022 |
[Cytoflavin as a modulator of rehabilitation treatment of patients with ischemic stroke complicated by post-intensive care syndrome].
Topics: Brain Ischemia; Critical Care; Drug Combinations; Flavin Mononucleotide; Humans; Inosine Diphosphate | 2020 |
Inhibition of Aquaporin-4 Improves the Outcome of Ischaemic Stroke and Modulates Brain Paravascular Drainage Pathways.
Topics: Albumins; Animals; Apoptosis; Aquaporin 4; Arteries; Brain; Brain Ischemia; Caspase 3; Disease Model | 2017 |
[STRESS-PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF CYTOFLAVIN ON CHRONIC CEREBRAL ISCHEMIA IN RATS.]
Topics: Animals; Brain Ischemia; Chronic Disease; Drug Combinations; Erythrocytes; Flavin Mononucleotide; In | 2016 |
[The intraoperative prophylaxis of local ischemical brain damage in neurosurgical patients with cerebral aneurysm].
Topics: Brain; Brain Injuries; Brain Ischemia; Drug Combinations; Flavin Mononucleotide; Humans; Inosine Dip | 2019 |
NAD+ and nicotinamide: sex differences in cerebral ischemia.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Brain Ischemia; Caspase 3; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Male; Mice | 2013 |
[The diagnostics of adaptive reactions of blood on application the stress-modulating therapy in patients with brain chronic ischemia].
Topics: Adult; Brain Ischemia; Chronic Disease; Delta Sleep-Inducing Peptide; Drug Combinations; Erythrocyte | 2012 |
Nicotinamide mononucleotide inhibits post-ischemic NAD(+) degradation and dramatically ameliorates brain damage following global cerebral ischemia.
Topics: Animals; Brain Injuries; Brain Ischemia; Cell Death; Disease Models, Animal; Hippocampus; Male; Mice | 2016 |
Nicotinamide prevents NAD+ depletion and protects neurons against excitotoxicity and cerebral ischemia: NAD+ consumption by SIRT1 may endanger energetically compromised neurons.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Brain Ischemia; Cell Death; Cells, Cultured; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; | 2009 |
[Efficacy of cytoflavin in the treatment of chronic cerebral ischemia].
Topics: Asthenia; Brain Ischemia; Chronic Disease; Drug Combinations; Flavin Mononucleotide; Humans; Inosine | 2010 |
Pretreatment with a novel aquaporin 4 inhibitor, TGN-020, significantly reduces ischemic cerebral edema.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Aquaporin 4; Brain Edema; Brain Ischemia; Cerebrovascular Circulation | 2011 |
[Correcting posthypoxic damage of myocardium in newborns with cerebral ischemia].
Topics: Brain Ischemia; Drug Combinations; Female; Flavin Mononucleotide; Follow-Up Studies; Heart; Humans; | 2010 |
[Antioxidant therapy in discirculatory encephalopathy].
Topics: Antioxidants; Brain Ischemia; Drug Combinations; Female; Flavin Mononucleotide; Humans; Inosine Diph | 2010 |
[Clinical efficacy of cytoflavin in the combined treatment of patients during acute phase of ischemic stroke].
Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Aged; Brain Ischemia; Drug Combinations; Electroencephalography; Flavin Mononu | 2011 |
Nicotinamide prevents the down-regulation of MEK/ERK/p90RSK signaling cascade in brain ischemic injury.
Topics: Animals; Brain Injuries; Brain Ischemia; Cerebral Infarction; Down-Regulation; Extracellular Signal- | 2012 |
Nicotinamide attenuates the decrease of astrocytic phosphoprotein PEA-15 in focal cerebral ischemic injury.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; Astrocytes; Brain Ischemia; Gene Expression Regulation; Male | 2012 |
[Course of free radical processes and prognosis of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke].
Topics: Aged; Antioxidants; Biomarkers; Brain Ischemia; Drug Combinations; Female; Flavin Mononucleotide; Fr | 2011 |
Nicotinamide restores the reduction of parvalbumin in cerebral ischemic injury.
Topics: Animals; Brain Ischemia; Calcium; Cell Line; Cerebral Cortex; Glutamic Acid; Hippocampus; Mice; Niac | 2013 |
Nicotinamide attenuates focal ischemic brain injury in rats: with special reference to changes in nicotinamide and NAD+ levels in ischemic core and penumbra.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Brain Ischemia; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Male; NAD; Niacinamide; Rats; | 2003 |
Nicotinamide offers multiple protective mechanisms in stroke as a precursor for NAD+, as a PARP inhibitor and by partial restoration of mitochondrial function.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Brain; Brain Ischemia; Disease Models, Animal; Mice; Mice, Inbred B | 2003 |
Neuroprotective effect of combination of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor and antioxidant in middle cerebral artery occlusion induced focal ischemia in rats.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Benzamides; Brain Ischemia; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Combinations; Drug T | 2004 |
Effects of cytoflavin and neuronol on morphological changes in the brain and survival of rats with ischemic disturbances in cerebral blood flow.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Brain Ischemia; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Drug Combinations; Flavin Mononucleotid | 2004 |
Nicotinamide attenuates focal ischemic brain injury: meta-analysis or mechanism of protection.
Topics: Animals; Brain Ischemia; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Humans; Neuroprotective Agents; Niacinamide | 2004 |
Zinc neurotoxicity is dependent on intracellular NAD levels and the sirtuin pathway.
Topics: Aldehydes; Animals; Antioxidants; Brain Ischemia; Cells, Cultured; Flavonoids; Flavonols; Ion Channe | 2006 |
Amelioration of ischaemic cerebral oedema by a free radical scavenger, AVS: 1,2-bis(nicotinamido)-propane. An experimental study using a regional ischaemia model in cats.
Topics: Animals; Brain Edema; Brain Ischemia; Cats; Cerebral Cortex; Disease Models, Animal; Energy Metaboli | 1984 |
Pharmacologic intervention for ischemic brain edema after retrograde cerebral perfusion.
Topics: Animals; Aorta, Thoracic; Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic; Brain; Brain Edema; Brain Ischemia; Cardiopulmo | 1995 |
K+ channel openers prevent global ischemia-induced expression of c-fos, c-jun, heat shock protein, and amyloid beta-protein precursor genes and neuronal death in rat hippocampus.
Topics: Alternative Splicing; Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor; Animals; Base Sequence; Benzopyrans; Brain Isc | 1993 |
Attenuation of ischemia-reperfusion injury in the rat neocortex by the hydroxyl radical scavenger nicaraven.
Topics: Animals; Brain Ischemia; Cerebral Cortex; Cerebral Infarction; Free Radical Scavengers; Hydroxyl Rad | 1997 |
Antivasospastic and brain-protective effects of a hydroxyl radical scavenger (AVS) after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Basilar Artery; Behavior, Animal; Blood-Brain Barrier; Body Weight; Brain; Br | 1998 |
Nicotinamide reduces infarction up to two hours after the onset of permanent focal cerebral ischemia in Wistar rats.
Topics: Animals; Brain Ischemia; Cerebral Infarction; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Male; Niacinamide; R | 1999 |
Dynamics of intracellular calcium and free radical production during ischemia in pyramidal neurons.
Topics: Aniline Compounds; Animals; Brain Ischemia; Calcium; Calcium Channels; Calcium-Binding Proteins; Cul | 2001 |
Delayed treatment with nicotinamide (vitamin B3) reduces the infarct volume following focal cerebral ischemia in spontaneously hypertensive rats, diabetic and non-diabetic Fischer 344 rats.
Topics: Animals; Blood Gas Analysis; Brain Ischemia; Cerebral Infarction; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Diabe | 2002 |
Nicotinamide and ketamine reduce infarct volume and DNA fragmentation in rats after brain ischemia and reperfusion.
Topics: Animals; Brain Ischemia; Cerebral Infarction; DNA Fragmentation; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; | 2002 |
[The vitamin B6, PP and C allowances of patients in the acute period of ischemic stroke].
Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Aged; Ascorbic Acid; Brain Ischemia; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Niacin | 1989 |
[The pathomechanism underlying ischemic brain edema: the role of Na+, K+-ATPase of the brain microvessels].
Topics: Animals; Brain Chemistry; Brain Edema; Brain Ischemia; Cats; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Disease Mo | 1985 |