niacin and Brain Ischemia studies

Niacin: A water-soluble vitamin of the B complex occurring in various animal and plant tissues. It is required by the body for the formation of coenzymes NAD and NADP. It has PELLAGRA-curative, vasodilating, and antilipemic properties.
vitamin B3 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B3 deficiency. Vitamin B3 deficiency causes a condition known as pellagra whose symptoms include depression, dermatitis and diarrhea. The vitamers include nicotinic acid and nicotinamide (and their ionized and salt forms).
nicotinic acid : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxy group.

Brain Ischemia: Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION.

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"In Atherothrombosis Intervention in Metabolic Syndrome with low HDL/High Triglycerides: Impact on Global Health Outcomes (AIM-HIGH) trial, addition of extended-release niacin (ERN) to simvastatin in participants with established cardiovascular disease, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high triglycerides had no incremental benefit, despite increases in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol."	9.17	Extended-release niacin therapy and risk of ischemic stroke in patients with cardiovascular disease: the Atherothrombosis Intervention in Metabolic Syndrome with low HDL/High Triglycerides: Impact on Global Health Outcome (AIM-HIGH) trial. ( Anderson, DC; Boden, WE; Chaitman, BR; Cruz-Flores, S; Goldstein, LB; Grant, S; Kostuk, WJ; Padley, RJ; Sila, CA; Teo, KK; Weintraub, WS, 2013)
"In this study we examined the effect of combination treatment of experimental stroke with Niaspan, a prolonged-release formulation of Niacin (vitamin B3), and Simvastatin, a cholesterol-lowering drug, on functional outcome, axonal damage, axonal density and the of Iba-1 immunoreactive microglia expression in the ischemic brain of rats."	7.76	Combination treatment of experimental stroke with Niaspan and Simvastatin, reduces axonal damage and improves functional outcome. ( Chen, J; Chopp, M; Cui, X; Lu, M; Roberts, C; Shehadah, A, 2010)
"In Atherothrombosis Intervention in Metabolic Syndrome with low HDL/High Triglycerides: Impact on Global Health Outcomes (AIM-HIGH) trial, addition of extended-release niacin (ERN) to simvastatin in participants with established cardiovascular disease, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high triglycerides had no incremental benefit, despite increases in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol."	5.17	Extended-release niacin therapy and risk of ischemic stroke in patients with cardiovascular disease: the Atherothrombosis Intervention in Metabolic Syndrome with low HDL/High Triglycerides: Impact on Global Health Outcome (AIM-HIGH) trial. ( Anderson, DC; Boden, WE; Chaitman, BR; Cruz-Flores, S; Goldstein, LB; Grant, S; Kostuk, WJ; Padley, RJ; Sila, CA; Teo, KK; Weintraub, WS, 2013)
"In this study we examined the effect of combination treatment of experimental stroke with Niaspan, a prolonged-release formulation of Niacin (vitamin B3), and Simvastatin, a cholesterol-lowering drug, on functional outcome, axonal damage, axonal density and the of Iba-1 immunoreactive microglia expression in the ischemic brain of rats."	3.76	Combination treatment of experimental stroke with Niaspan and Simvastatin, reduces axonal damage and improves functional outcome. ( Chen, J; Chopp, M; Cui, X; Lu, M; Roberts, C; Shehadah, A, 2010)
"It is shown that, in rats with global cerebral ischemia modeled by a complete irreversible occlusion of the common carotid artery and forced hypotension, the hemostasis is characterized by a shift toward hypercoagulation."	1.38	[Effect of phenibut and its composition with nicotinic acid on hemostasis in rats with brain ischemia]. ( Kurkin, DV; Litvinov, AA; Tarasov, AS; Tiurenkov, IN; Volotova, EV, 2012)

Research

Studies (15)

Authors

Clinical Trials (3)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Cardiovascular Mortality

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	3 (20.00)	18.7374
1990's	1 (6.67)	18.2507
2000's	0 (0.00)	29.6817
2010's	11 (73.33)	24.3611
2020's	0 (0.00)	2.80

Authors	Studies
Sun, Y	1
Zhang, Y	1
Li, Y	1
Cheng, J	1
Chen, S	1
Xiao, Y	1
Ao, G	1
Nuñez-Figueredo, Y	3
Ramírez-Sánchez, J	3
Pardo Andreu, GL	1
Ochoa-Rodríguez, E	3
Verdecia-Reyes, Y	3
Souza, DO	3
Teo, KK	1
Goldstein, LB	1
Chaitman, BR	2
Grant, S	1
Weintraub, WS	1
Anderson, DC	1
Sila, CA	1
Cruz-Flores, S	1
Padley, RJ	1
Kostuk, WJ	1
Boden, WE	2
Delgado-Hernández, R	2
Porto-Verdecia, M	1
Marin-Prida, J	1
González-Durruthy, M	1
Uyemura, SA	1
Rodrigues, FP	1
Curti, C	1
Pardo-Andreu, GL	2
Hansel, G	1
Simões Pires, EN	1
Merino, N	1
Valdes, O	1
Parra, AL	1
Salbego, C	1
Costa, SL	1
Gan'shina, TS	1
Kim, GA	1
Gnezdilova, AV	1
Kurdiumov, IN	1
Mirzoian, RS	1
Offermanns, S	1
Schwaninger, M	1
Shehadah, A	1
Chen, J	1
Cui, X	1
Roberts, C	1
Lu, M	1
Chopp, M	1
Probstfield, JL	1
Anderson, T	1
Desvignes-Nickens, P	1
Koprowicz, K	1
McBride, R	1
Teo, K	1
Weintraub, W	1
Nicholls, SJ	1
Tiurenkov, IN	1
Volotova, EV	1
Kurkin, DV	1
Litvinov, AA	1
Tarasov, AS	1
FAZEKAS, JF	2
ALMAN, RW	2
WAHAL, PK	1
MATHUR, KS	1
TICKTIN, HE	1
EHRMANTRAUT, WR	1
SAVARESE, CJ	1
Riasina, TV	1
Korshunova, TS	1
Polianskiĭ, NB	1
Muranov, KO	1

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
AIM HIGH: Niacin Plus Statin to Prevent Vascular Events[NCT00120289]	Phase 3	3,414 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2005-09-30	Terminated (stopped due to AIM-HIGH was stopped on the recommendation of the DSMB because of lack of efficacy of niacin in preventing primary outcome events.)
Relationships Between Lipoprotein(a) Levels and Aortic Valve Calcification in Patients With Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia[NCT02976818]		173 participants (Actual)	Observational	2017-04-30	Completed
Effect of Pravastatin on Erythrocyte Membrane Fatty Acid Contents in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease[NCT02992548]	Phase 4	62 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-09-30	Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

(NCT00120289)
Timeframe: Time to first event measured from date of randomization through last follow-up visit (common termination), for an average of 36 months follow-up, maximum 66 months.

Composite End Point of CHD Death, Nonfatal MI, Ischemic Stroke, Hospitalization for Non-ST Segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS), or Symptom-driven Coronary or Cerebral Revascularization

Intervention	participants (Number)
ERN + Simvastatin	45
Placebo + Simvastatin	38

(NCT00120289)
Timeframe: Time to first event measured from date of randomization through last follow-up visit (common termination) for an average of 36 months follow-up, maximum 66 months.

Composite Endpoint of CHD Death, Non-fatal MI, High-risk ACS or Ischemic Stroke

Intervention	participants (Number)
ERN + Simvastatin	282
Placebo + Simvastatin	274

(NCT00120289)
Timeframe: Time to first event measured from date of randomization through last follow-up visit (common termination) for an average of 36 months follow-up, maximum 66 months

Composite Endpoint of CHD Death, Non-fatal MI, or Ischemic Stroke

Intervention	participants (Number)
ERN + Simvastatin	171
Placebo + Simvastatin	158