nevirapine and Exanthema studies

Nevirapine: A potent, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor used in combination with nucleoside analogues for treatment of HIV INFECTIONS and AIDS.
nevirapine : A dipyridodiazepine that is 5,11-dihydro-6H-dipyrido[3,2-b:2',3'-e][1,4]diazepine which is substituted by methyl, oxo, and cyclopropyl groups at positions 4, 6, and 11, respectively. A non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity against HIV-1, it is used in combination with other antiretrovirals for the treatment of HIV infection.

Exanthema: Diseases in which skin eruptions or rashes are a prominent manifestation. Classically, six such diseases were described with similar rashes; they were numbered in the order in which they were reported. Only the fourth (Duke's disease), fifth (ERYTHEMA INFECTIOSUM), and sixth (EXANTHEMA SUBITUM) numeric designations survive as occasional synonyms in current terminology.

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"HIV-infected, Zambian children were randomized to initiate antiretroviral therapy (ART) with full-dose twice-daily nevirapine versus 2-week nevirapine dose-escalation."	9.17	Is nevirapine dose-escalation appropriate in young, African, HIV-infected children? ( Burger, DM; Chintu, C; Cook, A; Fillekes, Q; Gibb, DM; Kabamba, D; Kankasa, C; Mulenga, V; Thomason, MJ; Walker, AS, 2013)
"Nevirapine has been widely used in pregnancy for its efficacy, low pill burden, bioavailability and rapid transplacental transfer."	9.12	Safety of nevirapine in pregnancy. ( Anderson, J; de Ruiter, A; Edwards, SG; Hay, P; McDonald, C; Natarajan, U; Pym, A; Taylor, GP; Velisetty, P; Welch, J, 2007)
" Risk factors for rash included higher pretreatment CD4 cell count, lower HIV-1 RNA level, female sex, and higher trough nevirapine concentrations."	9.10	Randomized, controlled study of the effects of a short course of prednisone on the incidence of rash associated with nevirapine in patients infected with HIV-1. ( Cahn, P; Casssetti, LI; Gigliotti, M; Hall, DB; Losso, M; McDonough, M; Montaner, JS; Robinson, PA; Wruck, J; Zala, C, 2003)
"We report a case in which an HIV-positive man developed general malaise, skin rash and biochemical hepatitis within days of starting a nevirapine-based antiretroviral treatment regimen."	7.80	Rash and hepatitis within days of starting a new antiretroviral regimen: nevirapine hypersensitivity, secondary syphilis or both? ( Helbert, MR; Higgins, SP; Komolafe, AJ; Saxon, CJ, 2014)
"Drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS Syndrome) associated with nevirapine treatment has not been previously reported in children."	7.74	Nevirapine-associated rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms in a child with human immunodeficiency virus infection. ( Barton, T; Ramilo, O; Santos, RP, 2007)
"The appearance of rash is one of the most frequent and limiting side-effects during the first 4 weeks of treatment with nevirapine (NVP)."	6.69	Prevention of nevirapine-associated exanthema using slow dose escalation and/or corticosteroids. ( Barreiro, P; Casas, E; de Requena, DG; Estrada, V; González-Lahoz, J; Hoetelmans, R; Jimenéz-Nácher, I; Soriano, V; Téllez, MJ, 2000)
"HIV-infected, Zambian children were randomized to initiate antiretroviral therapy (ART) with full-dose twice-daily nevirapine versus 2-week nevirapine dose-escalation."	5.17	Is nevirapine dose-escalation appropriate in young, African, HIV-infected children? ( Burger, DM; Chintu, C; Cook, A; Fillekes, Q; Gibb, DM; Kabamba, D; Kankasa, C; Mulenga, V; Thomason, MJ; Walker, AS, 2013)
"Extended nevirapine and cotrimoxazole prophylaxis through 6 months of age among HIV-exposed uninfected infants did not appear to increase the immediate or long-term risk of neutropenia, anemia or skin-rash."	5.16	Extended prophylaxis with nevirapine and cotrimoxazole among HIV-exposed uninfected infants is well tolerated. ( Aizire, J; Bolton, SG; Brown, ER; Coovadia, H; Fowler, MG; Kamateeka, M; Musoke, PM; Shetty, AK; Stranix-Chibanda, L; Wang, J, 2012)
"Nevirapine has been widely used in pregnancy for its efficacy, low pill burden, bioavailability and rapid transplacental transfer."	5.12	Safety of nevirapine in pregnancy. ( Anderson, J; de Ruiter, A; Edwards, SG; Hay, P; McDonald, C; Natarajan, U; Pym, A; Taylor, GP; Velisetty, P; Welch, J, 2007)
" Risk factors for rash included higher pretreatment CD4 cell count, lower HIV-1 RNA level, female sex, and higher trough nevirapine concentrations."	5.10	Randomized, controlled study of the effects of a short course of prednisone on the incidence of rash associated with nevirapine in patients infected with HIV-1. ( Cahn, P; Casssetti, LI; Gigliotti, M; Hall, DB; Losso, M; McDonough, M; Montaner, JS; Robinson, PA; Wruck, J; Zala, C, 2003)
" Women appear to be at an especially high risk for lactic acidosis, nevirapine-associated rashes and hepatotoxicity, and fat redistribution after highly active antiretroviral therapy exposure."	4.82	Sex differences in antiretroviral therapy-associated intolerance and adverse events. ( Clark, R, 2005)
"Nevirapine (NVP) is an effective drug for the treatment of HIV infections, but its use is limited by a high incidence of severe skin rash and liver injury."	4.12	Sulfation of 12-hydroxy-nevirapine by human SULTs and the effects of genetic polymorphisms of SULT1A1 and SULT2A1. ( Cao, Y; Kurogi, K; Liu, MC; Sakakibara, Y; Segawa, K; Suiko, M; Uetrecht, J, 2022)
"We report a case in which an HIV-positive man developed general malaise, skin rash and biochemical hepatitis within days of starting a nevirapine-based antiretroviral treatment regimen."	3.80	Rash and hepatitis within days of starting a new antiretroviral regimen: nevirapine hypersensitivity, secondary syphilis or both? ( Helbert, MR; Higgins, SP; Komolafe, AJ; Saxon, CJ, 2014)
" Nevirapine induced rash and SJ syndrome developed within first month of treatment followed by anemia, hepatitis and gastritis which developed within 6 months after initiation of ART."	3.77	HAART induced adverse drug reactions: a retrospective analysis at a tertiary referral health care center in India. ( Anwikar, SR; Bandekar, MS; Kshirsagar, NA; Pazare, AP; Smrati, B; Tatke, PA, 2011)
"Drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS Syndrome) associated with nevirapine treatment has not been previously reported in children."	3.74	Nevirapine-associated rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms in a child with human immunodeficiency virus infection. ( Barton, T; Ramilo, O; Santos, RP, 2007)
"NVP pharmacokinetics were modeled by population pharmacokinetic analysis."	2.77	Nevirapine pharmacokinetics and risk of rash and hepatitis among HIV-infected sub-Saharan African women. ( Aweeka, FT; Currier, JS; Dong, BJ; Frymoyer, A; Hughes, MD; Lizak, P; Lockman, S; Sawe, F; Verotta, D; Zheng, Y, 2012)
"Rash was more frequent with FD nevirapine, but 88% had no clinical toxicity; elevated AST or ALT levels were transient and resolved spontaneously, suggesting that routine laboratory monitoring has limited value."	2.75	Strategies for nevirapine initiation in HIV-infected children taking pediatric fixed-dose combination "baby pills" in Zambia: a randomized controlled trial. ( Burger, D; Chijoka, C; Chintu, C; Cook, A; Ferrier, A; Gibb, DM; Kabamba, D; Kalengo, C; Kankasa, C; Kityo, C; Mulenga, V; Thomason, M; Walker, AS, 2010)
"Cetirizine has no preventive effect on nevirapine-associated rash."	2.71	Assessment of cetirizine, an antihistamine, to prevent cutaneous reactions to nevirapine therapy: results of the viramune-zyrtec double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. ( Allaert, FA; Boukli, N; Caumes, E; David, F; Devidas, A; Dupont, B; Launay, O; Lortholary, O; Patey, O; Piketty, C; Prévoteau du Clary, F; Rey, E; Roudière, L; Tréluyer, JM; Urbinelli, R, 2004)
"Rash is the most frequent adverse event associated with nevirapine."	2.71	Failure of cetirizine to prevent nevirapine-associated rash: a double-blind placebo-controlled trial for the GESIDA 26/01 Study. ( Arranz, A; Arroyo, JA; Blanco, JL; Boix, V; Dalmau, D; De la Torre, J; Domingo, P; Force, L; González, A; Gonzalez, J; Knobel, H; Llibre, JM; Mahillo, B; Miró, JM; Montes, ML; Ribera, E; Rivero, A; Rodriguez, D; Sanz, J; Sarasa, M, 2004)
" The incidence of rash in the NVP group was significantly higher in female patients with higher CD4 cell counts, while adverse events in the EFV group were not associated with CD4 cell count."	2.71	The effect of baseline CD4 cell count and HIV-1 viral load on the efficacy and safety of nevirapine or efavirenz-based first-line HAART. ( Andrews, S; Grinsztejn, B; Lange, JM; Lazanas, MK; Montaner, J; van Leth, F; Wilkins, E, 2005)
"Rash is the most frequent adverse event associated with nevirapine."	2.70	Failure of a short-term prednisone regimen to prevent nevirapine-associated rash: a double-blind placebo-controlled trial: the GESIDA 09/99 study. ( Blanco, JL; Boix, V; De Miguel, V; Domingo, P; Force, L; González, A; Knobel, H; Locutura, J; Márquez, M; Miró, JM; Rivero, A; Sanz, J, 2001)
"The appearance of rash is one of the most frequent and limiting side-effects during the first 4 weeks of treatment with nevirapine (NVP)."	2.69	Prevention of nevirapine-associated exanthema using slow dose escalation and/or corticosteroids. ( Barreiro, P; Casas, E; de Requena, DG; Estrada, V; González-Lahoz, J; Hoetelmans, R; Jimenéz-Nácher, I; Soriano, V; Téllez, MJ, 2000)
"Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are acutely occurring, unpredictable, often life-threatening reactions that are a huge challenge in clinical practice."	2.58	[Acute life-threatening drug reactions of the skin]. ( Mockenhaupt, M, 2018)
"The rash is clearly immune-mediated in rats, and partial depletion of CD4(+) T cells, but not CD8(+) T cells, is protective."	2.46	Nevirapine hypersensitivity. ( Abdulla, D; Baban, A; Chen, J; Mannargudi, B; Popovic, M; Shenton, JM; Tharmanathan, T; Uetrecht, JP, 2010)
"Nevirapine has a long half-life and achieves high steady-state plasma concentrations relative to the concentration required to inhibit 50% viral replication in vitro (IC(50)) in patients."	2.44	Once-daily nevirapine dosing: a pharmacokinetics, efficacy and safety review. ( Cooper, CL; van Heeswijk, RP, 2007)
"The mechanism of drug-induced skin rash is not well understood."	1.91	Potential Involvement of Sulfotransferase in the Mechanism of Lamotrigine-induced Skin Rash. ( Bairam, A; Cao, Y; Liu, MC; Uetrecht, J, 2023)
"Trimethoprim (TMP)-induced skin rash and liver injury are likely to involve the formation of reactive metabolites."	1.62	Investigating the Mechanism of Trimethoprim-Induced Skin Rash and Liver Injury. ( Bairam, A; Cao, Y; Jee, A; Liu, M; Uetrecht, J, 2021)
"Nevirapine (NVP) treatment is associated with a significant incidence of skin rash in humans, and it also causes a similar immune-mediated skin rash in Brown Norway (BN) rats."	1.39	12-OH-nevirapine sulfate, formed in the skin, is responsible for nevirapine-induced skin rash. ( Novalen, M; Sharma, AM; Tanino, T; Uetrecht, JP, 2013)
"Nevirapine (NVP) can cause serious skin rashes and hepatotoxicity."	1.39	Identification of danger signals in nevirapine-induced skin rash. ( Sharma, AM; Uetrecht, J; Zhang, X, 2013)
"Nevirapine (NVP) treatment is associated with serious skin rashes that appear to be immune-mediated."	1.39	Nevirapine bioactivation and covalent binding in the skin. ( Klarskov, K; Sharma, AM; Uetrecht, J, 2013)
"Nevirapine-based ART was initiated in 820 women and baseline ALT or AST results were abnormal (≥ grade 1) in 113 (14%) women."	1.36	Nevirapine-associated hepatotoxicity was not predicted by CD4 count ≥250 cells/μL among women in Zambia, Thailand and Kenya. ( Bolu, O; Borkowf, CB; Brooks, JT; Intalapaporn, P; Kiarie, J; McConnell, MS; Mutsotso, W; Peters, PJ; Potter, D; Ratanasuwan, W; Stringer, J; Weidle, PJ; Zulu, I, 2010)
"In resource-limited settings where nevirapine-containing regimen is the preferred regimen in women, data on severe adverse events (SAEs) according to CD4 cell count are limited."	1.36	Incidence and risk factors of severe adverse events with nevirapine-based antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected women. MTCT-Plus program, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. ( Abrams, EJ; Amani-Bosse, C; Bédikou, G; Coffie, PA; Dabis, F; Ekouevi, DK; Tanon, AK; Tonwe-Gold, B, 2010)
"The aim of this study was to measure the cumulative incidence of adverse events (AEs) related to nevirapine in patients switched from efavirenz to immediate full-dose nevirapine (FDN)."	1.35	Efavirenz replacement by immediate full-dose nevirapine is safe in HIV-1-infected patients in Cambodia. ( Chhneang, V; Fernandez, M; Laureillard, D; Moeung, S; Ngeth, C; Piketty, C; Prak, N; Quillet, C; Riel, V; Song, S, 2008)
"By logistic regression, history of drug allergy apart from NVP (odds ratio [OR] 11."	1.35	Predicting factors for unsuccessful switching from nevirapine to efavirenz in HIV-infected patients who developed nevirapine-associated skin rash. ( Kiertiburanakul, S; Malathum, K; Sathapatayavongs, B; Sungkanuparph, S; Watcharananan, S, 2009)
"Nevirapine treatment can cause a skin rash."	1.35	A study of the specificity of lymphocytes in nevirapine-induced skin rash. ( Chen, X; Gou, H; Mannargudi, B; Tharmanathan, T; Uetrecht, JP, 2009)
"The aim of this article is to present the clinical characteristics and management of an oral adverse effect stemming from the use of the antiretroviral medication Nevirapine (NVP)."	1.35	Oral adverse effects due to the use of Nevirapine. ( Fonseca, LM; Madureira, DF; Mesquita, RA; Moura, MD; Senna, MI, 2008)
"To determine the incidence of clinically significant adverse events after long-term, fixed-dose, generic highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) use among HIV-infected individuals in South India, we examined the experiences of 3154 HIV-infected individuals who received a minimum of 3 months of generic HAART between February 1996 and December 2006 at a tertiary HIV care referral center in South India."	1.35	Spectrum of adverse events after generic HAART in southern Indian HIV-infected patients. ( Balakrishnan, P; Cecelia, AJ; Devaleenal, B; Flanigan, TP; Kumarasamy, N; Lai, AR; Mayer, KH; Poongulali, S; Saghayam, S; Solomon, S; Venkatesh, KK; Yepthomi, T, 2008)
"By logistic regression, history of drug allergy (OR, 3."	1.35	Risk factors for nevirapine-associated rash among HIV-infected patients with low CD4 cell counts in resource-limited settings. ( Chantratita, W; Charoenyingwattana, A; Kiertiburanakul, S; Mahasirimongkol, S; Sungkanuparph, S; Sura, T, 2008)
"In conclusion, NVP-associated skin rashes that lead to NVP discontinuation are common among HIV-infected patients with baseline CD4 <250 cells/microL."	1.34	Incidence and risk factors of nevirapine-associated skin rashes among HIV-infected patients with CD4 cell counts <250 cells/microL. ( Chaovavanich, A; Chimsuntorn, S; Chottanapund, S; Chumpathat, N; Inthong, Y; Mankatitham, W; Manosuthi, W; Moolasart, V; Prasithsirikul, W; Sittibusaya, C; Sungkanuparph, S; Tansuphaswadikul, S; Termvises, P, 2007)
"The relationships between adverse events (AEs) and plasma concentrations of nevirapine (NVP) and efavirenz (EFV) were investigated as part of the large, international, randomized 2NN study."	1.33	Are adverse events of nevirapine and efavirenz related to plasma concentrations? ( Baraldi, E; Beijnen, JH; Huitema, AD; Kappelhoff, BS; Lange, JM; MacGregor, TR; Montella, F; Robinson, PA; Russell, DB; Thompson, MA; Uip, DE; van Leth, F, 2005)
"Nevirapine, used for the treatment of HIV infection, is associated with development of skin rash and liver toxicity."	1.33	Study of the sequence of events involved in nevirapine-induced skin rash in Brown Norway rats. ( Caswell, JL; Mannargudi, B; Popovic, M; Shenton, JM; Uetrecht, JP, 2006)
"Although the skin rash was less evident on rechallenge, microscopically, the cellular infiltrate was more prominent, especially surrounding the hair follicles."	1.32	Characterization of a potential animal model of an idiosyncratic drug reaction: nevirapine-induced skin rash in the rat. ( Abu-Asab, MS; Shenton, JM; Teranishi, M; Uetrecht, JP; Yager, JA, 2003)
" Using the recommended lead-in dosing schedule in conjunction with good health care management, this adverse event can be controlled in the vast majority of patients."	1.32	Defining the toxicity profile of nevirapine and other antiretroviral drugs. ( Murphy, RL, 2003)
"Prednisone is commonly used to treat rash, a potentially harmful side effect of nevirapine."	1.31	Nevirapine, prednisone and rash. ( , 2000)
"Severe rash has been observed in 3% of patients taking nevirapine in clinical trials, 85% of whom were men."	1.31	Sex differences in nevirapine rash. ( Aberg, JA; Bersoff-Matcha, SJ; Hamrick, HJ; Miller, WC; Mundy, LM; Powderly, WG; van Der Horst, C, 2001)

Research

Studies (70)

Authors

Clinical Trials (3)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Frequency and Severity of Adverse Reactions Among Participating Infants

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	0 (0.00)	18.7374
1990's	2 (2.86)	18.2507
2000's	46 (65.71)	29.6817
2010's	18 (25.71)	24.3611
2020's	4 (5.71)	2.80

Authors	Studies
Kurogi, K	1
Cao, Y	3
Segawa, K	1
Sakakibara, Y	1
Suiko, M	1
Uetrecht, J	6
Liu, MC	2
Bairam, A	2
Hasan, M	1
Yunihastuti, E	1
Teguh H, K	1
Abdullah, M	1
Jee, A	1
Liu, M	1
Mockenhaupt, M	1
Sharma, AM	3
Novalen, M	1
Tanino, T	1
Uetrecht, JP	5
Fillekes, Q	1
Mulenga, V	2
Kabamba, D	2
Kankasa, C	2
Thomason, MJ	1
Cook, A	2
Chintu, C	2
Gibb, DM	2
Walker, AS	2
Burger, DM	1
Zhang, X	1
Saxon, CJ	1
Helbert, MR	1
Komolafe, AJ	1
Higgins, SP	1
Sarfo, FS	1
Sarfo, MA	1
Norman, B	1
Phillips, R	1
Chadwick, D	1
Tseng, YT	1
Yang, CJ	1
Chang, SY	1
Lin, SW	1
Tsai, MS	1
Liu, WC	1
Wu, PY	1
Su, YC	1
Luo, YZ	1
Yang, SP	1
Hung, CC	1
Chang, SC	1
Birbal, S	1
Dheda, M	1
Ojewole, E	1
Oosthuizen, F	1
Laureillard, D	1
Prak, N	1
Fernandez, M	1
Ngeth, C	1
Moeung, S	1
Riel, V	1
Chhneang, V	1
Song, S	1
Quillet, C	1
Piketty, C	2
Chen, J	2
Mannargudi, BM	1
Xu, L	1
Chantarangsu, S	1
Mushiroda, T	1
Mahasirimongkol, S	2
Kiertiburanakul, S	4
Sungkanuparph, S	5
Manosuthi, W	3
Tantisiriwat, W	1
Charoenyingwattana, A	2
Sura, T	2
Chantratita, W	2
Nakamura, Y	1
Malathum, K	1
Watcharananan, S	1
Sathapatayavongs, B	1
van Griensven, J	1
Zachariah, R	1
Rasschaert, F	1
Mugabo, J	1
Atté, EF	1
Reid, T	1
Chen, X	1
Tharmanathan, T	2
Mannargudi, B	3
Gou, H	1
Popovic, M	2
Shenton, JM	3
Baban, A	1
Abdulla, D	1
Coffie, PA	1
Tonwe-Gold, B	1
Tanon, AK	1
Amani-Bosse, C	1
Bédikou, G	1
Abrams, EJ	1
Dabis, F	1
Ekouevi, DK	1
Peters, PJ	1
Stringer, J	1
McConnell, MS	1
Kiarie, J	1
Ratanasuwan, W	1
Intalapaporn, P	1
Potter, D	1
Mutsotso, W	1
Zulu, I	1
Borkowf, CB	1
Bolu, O	1
Brooks, JT	2
Weidle, PJ	2
Chijoka, C	1
Ferrier, A	1
Kalengo, C	1
Kityo, C	1
Burger, D	1
Thomason, M	1
Anwikar, SR	1
Bandekar, MS	1
Smrati, B	1
Pazare, AP	1
Tatke, PA	1
Kshirsagar, NA	1
Aizire, J	1
Fowler, MG	1
Wang, J	1
Shetty, AK	1
Stranix-Chibanda, L	1
Kamateeka, M	1
Brown, ER	1
Bolton, SG	1
Musoke, PM	1
Coovadia, H	1
Dong, BJ	1
Zheng, Y	1
Hughes, MD	1
Frymoyer, A	1
Verotta, D	1
Lizak, P	1
Sawe, F	1
Currier, JS	1
Lockman, S	1
Aweeka, FT	1
Eluwa, GI	1
Badru, T	1
Agu, KA	1
Akpoigbe, KJ	1
Chabikuli, O	1
Hamelmann, C	1
Klarskov, K	1
Montaner, JS	1
Cahn, P	1
Zala, C	1
Casssetti, LI	1
Losso, M	1
Hall, DB	1
Wruck, J	1
McDonough, M	1
Gigliotti, M	1
Robinson, PA	2
de Maat, MM	1
ter Heine, R	1
Mulder, JW	1
Meenhorst, PL	1
Mairuhu, AT	1
van Gorp, EC	1
Huitema, AD	2
Beijnen, JH	2
Lackmann, GM	1
Schmidt, B	1
Niehues, T	1
Teranishi, M	1
Abu-Asab, MS	1
Yager, JA	1
Caumes, E	2
Bossi, P	1
Katlama, C	1
Bricaire, F	1
Murphy, RL	1
Boyle, BA	2
Launay, O	1
Roudière, L	1
Boukli, N	1
Dupont, B	1
Prévoteau du Clary, F	1
Patey, O	1
David, F	1
Lortholary, O	1
Devidas, A	1
Rey, E	1
Urbinelli, R	1
Allaert, FA	1
Tréluyer, JM	1
Knobel, H	4
Miró, JM	3
Mahillo, B	1
Domingo, P	2
Rivero, A	2
Ribera, E	1
Gonzalez, J	1
Sanz, J	2
González, A	3
Blanco, JL	2
Boix, V	2
Force, L	2
Llibre, JM	1
Dalmau, D	1
Arroyo, JA	1
De la Torre, J	1
Rodriguez, D	1
Montes, ML	1
Arranz, A	1
Sarasa, M	1
Ananworanich, J	1
Moor, Z	1
Siangphoe, U	1
Chan, J	1
Cardiello, P	1
Duncombe, C	1
Phanuphak, P	1
Ruxrungtham, K	1
Lange, J	1
Cooper, DA	1
Steel-Duncan, JC	1
Pierre, R	1
Gabay, L	1
Christie, CD	1
Hartmann, M	1
Brust, J	1
Schuster, D	1
Mosthaf, F	1
Procaccianti, M	1
Rump, JA	1
Klinker, H	1
Petzoldt, D	1
van Leth, F	2
Andrews, S	1
Grinsztejn, B	1
Wilkins, E	1
Lazanas, MK	1
Lange, JM	3
Montaner, J	2
Kappelhoff, BS	1
MacGregor, TR	1
Baraldi, E	1
Montella, F	1
Uip, DE	1
Thompson, MA	1
Russell, DB	1
Idigbe, EO	1
Adewole, TA	1
Eisen, G	1
Kanki, P	1
Odunukwe, NN	1
Onwujekwe, DI	1
Audu, RA	1
Araoyinbo, ID	1
Onyewuche, JI	1
Salu, OB	1
Adedoyin, JA	1
Musa, AZ	1
Clark, R	1
Daniel, OJ	1
Krain, AB	1
Ogun, SA	1
Odusoga, OL	1
Thongyen, S	1
Chumpathat, N	2
Muangchana, K	1
Caswell, JL	1
Zhou, J	1
Phanupak, P	1
Ditangco, R	1
Kamarulzaman, A	1
Pujary, S	1
Forna, F	1
Liechty, CA	1
Solberg, P	1
Asiimwe, F	1
Were, W	1
Mermin, J	1
Behumbiize, P	1
Tong, T	1
Cooper, CL	1
van Heeswijk, RP	1
Natarajan, U	1
Pym, A	1
McDonald, C	1
Velisetty, P	1
Edwards, SG	1
Hay, P	1
Welch, J	1
de Ruiter, A	1
Taylor, GP	1
Anderson, J	1
Santos, RP	1
Ramilo, O	1
Barton, T	1
Tansuphaswadikul, S	1
Inthong, Y	1
Prasithsirikul, W	1
Chottanapund, S	1
Mankatitham, W	1
Chimsuntorn, S	1
Sittibusaya, C	1
Moolasart, V	1
Termvises, P	1
Chaovavanich, A	1
Moura, MD	1
Senna, MI	1
Madureira, DF	1
Fonseca, LM	1
Mesquita, RA	1
Guelar, A	1
Montero, M	1
Carmona, A	1
Luque, S	1
Berenguer, N	1
Meyssonnier, V	1
Costagliola, D	1
Caumes, PE	1
Wit, FW	1
Kesselring, AM	1
Gras, L	1
Richter, C	1
van der Ende, ME	1
Brinkman, K	1
de Wolf, F	1
Reiss, P	1
De Lazzari, E	1
León, A	1
Arnaiz, JA	1
Martinez, E	1
Negredo, E	1
Clotet, B	1
Storfer, S	1
Asenjo, MA	1
Mallolas, J	1
Gatell, JM	1
Kumarasamy, N	1
Venkatesh, KK	1
Cecelia, AJ	1
Devaleenal, B	1
Lai, AR	1
Saghayam, S	1
Balakrishnan, P	1
Yepthomi, T	1
Poongulali, S	1
Flanigan, TP	1
Solomon, S	1
Mayer, KH	1
Bourezane, Y	1
Salard, D	1
Hoen, B	1
Vandel, S	1
Drobacheff, C	1
Laurent, R	1
Antón, P	1
Soriano, V	3
Jiménez-Nácher, I	2
Rodriguez-Rosado, R	1
Dona, MC	1
Barreiro, PM	1
González-Lahoz, J	3
Dona, C	1
Barreiro, P	2
Casas, E	1
Estrada, V	1
Téllez, MJ	1
Hoetelmans, R	1
de Requena, DG	1
Bersoff-Matcha, SJ	1
Miller, WC	1
Aberg, JA	1
van Der Horst, C	1
Hamrick, HJ	1
Powderly, WG	1
Mundy, LM	1
Lanzafame, M	1
Rovere, P	1
De Checchi, G	1
Trevenzoli, M	1
Turazzini, M	1
Parrinello, A	1
Antinori, A	1
Baldini, F	1
Girardi, E	1
Cingolani, A	1
Zaccarelli, M	1
Di Giambenedetto, S	1
Barracchini, A	1
De Longis, P	1
Murri, R	1
Tozzi, V	1
Ammassari, A	1
Rizzo, MG	1
Ippolito, G	1
De Luca, A	1
Márquez, M	1
De Miguel, V	1
Locutura, J	1
Wong, KH	1
Chan, KC	1
Lee, SS	1
Imperiale, M	1

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
A Phase III Trial to Determine the Efficacy and Safety of an Extended Regimen of Nevirapine in Infants Born to HIV-Infected Women to Prevent Vertical HIV Transmission During Breastfeeding[NCT00074412]	Phase 3	2,026 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-01-31	Completed
Optimal Combination Therapy After Nevirapine Exposure[NCT00089505]	Phase 3	745 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-11-30	Completed
A Cohort Observational Study to Assess the Virologic Response to Standard HIV Treatment in Bamako, Mali[NCT00703404]		76 participants (Actual)	Observational	2008-06-18	Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

For those infants who were randomized at 6 weeks and who initiated study drug we looked at the frequency and severity of adverse reactions through 18 months of study. The severity of all AEs was graded according to the DAIDS Table for Grading the Severity of Adult and Pediatric Adverse Events. The term severity is described as the intensity grade or level for specific event (i.e. mild, moderate, severe, or life-threatening). Severity is not the same as seriousness. (NCT00074412)
Timeframe: 6 weeks through 18 months

HIV Infection in Infants Determined to be HIV Uninfected at 6 Weeks Enrolled in Each Arm of the Study

Infant Survival Rates (Mortality Regardless of HIV Infection) in the Two Arms

Proportion of Infants Who Are Alive and HIV-uninfected in the Two Arms

Relative Rates of HIV Infection in the Two Arms

Number of Participants Who Experienced HIV-related Disease Progression or Death

Intervention	Number of Adverse Events (Number)
	Death	Life-Threatening	Severe	Moderate	Mild
Nevirapine	26	87	375	694	832
Placebo	30	87	332	677	838

Intervention	participants (Number)
	# of HIV infections at 6 months	# of Infants at risk for HIV infection at 6 months
Nevirapine	8	700
Placebo	18	699

Intervention	participants (Number)
	# Infant Deaths at 18 months	# Infants at risk of death at 18 months
Nevirapine	26	678
Placebo	30	684

Intervention	participants (Number)
	Number of Infants Alive and HIV-free at 6 months	Number of Infants Alive and HIV-free at 18 months
Nevirapine	689	629
Placebo	683	616

Intervention	participants (Number)
	# of infants with HIV infection at 18 months	# of infants @ risk for HIV infection at 18 months
Nevirapine	16	664
Placebo	23	663

Worsening to WHO stage III/IV (among subjects who had WHO stage I/II at baseline) and death were the composite secondary endpoint. WHO Disease Staging System for HIV Infection and Disease in Adults and Adolescents is an approach for use in resource limited settings in studies of progression to symptomatic HIV disease. There are 4 stages of disease staging, 1 being the least severe and 4 being the most severe disease stage based on the HIV related symptoms and diagnoses. Please refer to the following web page for detailed staging criteria: http://www.who.int/docstore/hiv/scaling/anex1.html (NCT00089505)
Timeframe: Through database cutoff for DSMB review (by October 6, 2008) for NVP/NVP and NVP/LPV_r. Throughout study for NoNVP/NVP and NoNVP/LPV_r.

Number of Participants Who Experienced Treatment-related Toxicity That Led to Discontinuation of Randomized Regimen.

Intervention	participants (Number)
NVP/NVP	6
NVP/LPV_r	4
NoNVP/NVP	19
NoNVP/LPV_r	26

The outcome is defined as treatment-related toxicity (as evaluated by sites), regardless of grade, that led to discontinuation of randomized regimen. For NVP/NVP and NVP/LPV_r arms, data through DSMB review cutoff (October 6, 2008) were used to report the outcome. For NoNVP/NVP and NoNVP/LPV_r arms, since the follow-up continued as planned, data through overall study were used. (NCT00089505)
Timeframe: Through database cutoff for DSMB review (by October 6, 2008) for NVP/NVP and NVP/LPV_r. Throughout study for NoNVP/NVP and NoNVP/LPV_r.

Number of Participants Who Experienced Virologic Failure or Died.

Intervention	participants (Number)
NVP/NVP	15
NVP/LPV_r	0
NoNVP/NVP	35
NoNVP/LPV_r	0

Virologic failure (VF) is defined as a plasma HIV-1 RNA level that is 1 log10 below baseline 12 weeks after treatment is initiated or as a plasma HIV-1 RNA level that is >=400 copies/mL at or after 24 weeks of treatment, regardless of whether randomized treatment was being taken at the time of VF. (NCT00089505)
Timeframe: Through database cutoff for DSMB review (by October 6, 2008) for NVP/NVP and NVP/LPV_r. Throughout study for NoNVP/NVP and NoNVP/LPV_r.

Number of Participants Who Received NVP-containing Regimens at Randomization and Experienced NVP-associated Rash or Grade 2+ Liver Lab Abnormality

Intervention	participants (Number)
NVP/NVP	32
NVP/LPV_r	10
NoNVP/NVP	42
NoNVP/LPV_r	50

Any grade of rash or grade 2+ liver lab abnormality events that were claimed to be NVP associated (definitely, probably, or possibly) by site investigators were evaluated. Grade 2+ liver lab abnormality is defined as aspartate aminotransferase (AST)>=2.6 x ULN or alanine aminotransferase (ALT)>=2.6 x ULN. (NCT00089505)
Timeframe: Through database cutoff for DSMB review (by October 6, 2008) for NVP/NVP arm. Throughout study for NoNVP/NVP arm.

CD4 Count Change From Randomization

Intervention	participants (Number)
NVP/NVP	20
NoNVP/NVP	51

Change was calculated as the CD4 count at Week 48 (or at Week 96) minus the baseline CD4 count (last CD4 before/on treatment start date). For NVP/NVP and NVP/LPV_r arms, data through DSMB review cutoff (October 6, 2008) were used to report the outcome. For NoNVP/NVP and NoNVP/LPV_r arms, since the follow-up continued as planned, data through overall study were used. (NCT00089505)
Timeframe: Through database cutoff for DSMB review (by October 6, 2008) for NVP/NVP and NVP/LPV_r. Throughout study for NoNVP/NVP and NoNVP/LPV_r. Week 48 and 96.

Percent of Participants Who Experienced Virologic Failure or Died

Intervention	cells/mm^3 (Median)
	Week 48 CD4 count change from randomization	Week 96 CD4 count change from randomization
NoNVP/LPV_r	172	256
NoNVP/NVP	172	223
NVP/LPV_r	201	278
NVP/NVP	191	291

Results report cumulative percent of participants reaching virologic failure (VF) or death by week 48 and week 96 calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. VF is defined as a plasma HIV-1 RNA level that is 1 log10 below baseline 12 weeks after treatment is initiated or as a plasma HIV-1 RNA level that is >=400 copies/mL at or after 24 weeks of treatment, regardless of whether randomized treatment was being taken at the time of VF. (NCT00089505)
Timeframe: Through database cutoff for DSMB review (by October 6, 2008) for NVP/NVP and NVP/LPV_r arms. Throughout study for NoNVP/NVP and NoNVP/LPV_r arms.

Percent of Participants Who Reported to Never Missed Any of the Study Drug Regimen in the Past Month

Intervention	Percent of participants (Number)
	week 48 percent of virologic failure or death	week 96 percent of virologic failure or death
NoNVP/LPV_r	14	20
NoNVP/NVP	14	17
NVP/LPV_r	4	12
NVP/NVP	23	31

Self-reported adherence at week 48 and 96 while participants remained on randomized regimen. Adherence interviews for each antiretroviral drug drug the participant is taking was performed by site personnel every 24 weeks. For NVP/NVP and NVP/LPV_r arms, data through DSMB review cutoff (October 6, 2008) were used to report the outcome. For NoNVP/NVP and NoNVP/LPV_r arms, since the follow-up continued as planned, data through overall study were used. (NCT00089505)
Timeframe: Through database cutoff for DSMB review (by October 6, 2008) for NVP/NVP and NVP/LPV_r arms. Throughout study for NoNVP/NVP and NoNVP/LPV_r arms.

Time From Randomization to Virologic Failure or Death for Participants Who Had SD NVP Exposure Prior to Study Entry

Intervention	percent of participants (Number)
	week 48 percent of full adherence in past month	week 96 percent of full adherence in past month
NoNVP/LPV_r	86	87
NoNVP/NVP	90	93
NVP/LPV_r	88	95
NVP/NVP	89	94

5th and 10th Percentiles in weeks from randomization to virologic failure (VF) or death. VF is defined as a plasma HIV-1 RNA level that is 1 log10 below baseline 12 weeks after treatment is initiated or as a plasma HIV-1 RNA level that is >=400 copies/mL at or after 24 weeks of treatment, regardless of whether randomized treatment was being taken at the time of VF. (NCT00089505)
Timeframe: Through database cutoff for DSMB review (by October 6, 2008) with median follow-up 72 weeks and range from 0 to 144 weeks.

Time From Randomization to Virologic Failure or Death for Participants Without SD NVP Exposure Prior to Study Entry

Intervention	weeks (Number)
	5th percentile	10th percentile	25th percentile
NVP/LPV_r	60	84	NA
NVP/NVP	12	12	60

5th and 10th Percentiles in weeks from randomization to virologic failure (VF) or death. VF is defined as a plasma HIV-1 RNA level that is 1 log10 below baseline 12 weeks after treatment is initiated or as a plasma HIV-1 RNA level that is >=400 copies/mL at or after 24 weeks of treatment, regardless of whether randomized treatment was being taken at the time of VF. (NCT00089505)
Timeframe: Throughout study with median follow-up 72 weeks and range from 0 to 180 weeks.

Article	Year
[Acute life-threatening drug reactions of the skin]. Der Hautarzt; Zeitschrift fur Dermatologie, Venerologie, und verwandte Gebiete, 2018, Volume: 69, Issue:5 Topics: Allopurinol; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Anticonvulsants; Drug-R	2018
Nevirapine hypersensitivity. Handbook of experimental pharmacology, 2010, Issue:196 Topics: Animals; Anti-HIV Agents; Biotransformation; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Hypersensitivity; Exanthem	2010
[Antiretroviral-induced toxiderma in HIV-infected patients]. Presse medicale (Paris, France : 1983), 2003, Sep-06, Volume: 32, Issue:28 Topics: Alkynes; Anti-HIV Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Benzoxazines; Cyclopropanes; Dideoxynucleosides;	2003
Issues in antiretroviral toxicity. The AIDS reader, 2003, Volume: 13, Issue:10 Topics: Alkynes; Anti-HIV Agents; Benzoxazines; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Cyclopropanes; Exanthema; Female; HIV	2003
Sex differences in antiretroviral therapy-associated intolerance and adverse events. Drug safety, 2005, Volume: 28, Issue:12 Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Anti-Retroviral Agents; Didanosine; Exanthema; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Liv	2005
Once-daily nevirapine dosing: a pharmacokinetics, efficacy and safety review. HIV medicine, 2007, Volume: 8, Issue:1 Topics: Anti-HIV Agents; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Drug Tolerance; Exanthema; HIV Infections;	2007
Hepatotoxicity of nevirapine in virologically suppressed patients according to gender and CD4 cell counts. HIV medicine, 2008, Volume: 9, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Anti-HIV Agents; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Drug Therapy,	2008

Article	Year
Is nevirapine dose-escalation appropriate in young, African, HIV-infected children? AIDS (London, England), 2013, Aug-24, Volume: 27, Issue:13 Topics: Adolescent; Anti-HIV Agents; Child; Child, Preschool; Exanthema; Female; HIV; HIV Infections; Humans	2013
Strategies for nevirapine initiation in HIV-infected children taking pediatric fixed-dose combination "baby pills" in Zambia: a randomized controlled trial. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2010, Nov-01, Volume: 51, Issue:9 Topics: Alanine Transaminase; Anti-HIV Agents; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Aspartate Aminotransfe	2010
Extended prophylaxis with nevirapine and cotrimoxazole among HIV-exposed uninfected infants is well tolerated. AIDS (London, England), 2012, Jan-28, Volume: 26, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Anemia; Anti-HIV Agents; Blotting, Western; Breast Feeding; Drug Administration Schedule; Dru	2012
Nevirapine pharmacokinetics and risk of rash and hepatitis among HIV-infected sub-Saharan African women. AIDS (London, England), 2012, Apr-24, Volume: 26, Issue:7 Topics: Adult; Africa South of the Sahara; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Dru	2012
Randomized, controlled study of the effects of a short course of prednisone on the incidence of rash associated with nevirapine in patients infected with HIV-1. Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999), 2003, May-01, Volume: 33, Issue:1 Topics: CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Drug Administration Schedule; Exanthema; Female; HIV; HIV Infections; Humans;	2003
Assessment of cetirizine, an antihistamine, to prevent cutaneous reactions to nevirapine therapy: results of the viramune-zyrtec double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2004, Apr-15, Volume: 38, Issue:8 Topics: Adult; Anti-HIV Agents; Cetirizine; Double-Blind Method; Exanthema; Female; Histamine H1 Antagonists	2004
Failure of cetirizine to prevent nevirapine-associated rash: a double-blind placebo-controlled trial for the GESIDA 26/01 Study. Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999), 2004, Oct-01, Volume: 37, Issue:2 Topics: Cetirizine; Double-Blind Method; Exanthema; Female; HIV Infections; HIV-1; Humans; Male; Middle Aged	2004
Incidence and risk factors for rash in Thai patients randomized to regimens with nevirapine, efavirenz or both drugs. AIDS (London, England), 2005, Jan-28, Volume: 19, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Alkynes; Benzoxazines; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Cyclopropanes; Drug Administration Schedule; Dru	2005
[Rashes in HIV-infected patients undergoing therapy with nevirapine or efavirenz]. Der Hautarzt; Zeitschrift fur Dermatologie, Venerologie, und verwandte Gebiete, 2005, Volume: 56, Issue:9 Topics: Alkynes; Anti-HIV Agents; Benzoxazines; Comorbidity; Cyclopropanes; Exanthema; Female; Germany; HIV	2005
The effect of baseline CD4 cell count and HIV-1 viral load on the efficacy and safety of nevirapine or efavirenz-based first-line HAART. AIDS (London, England), 2005, Mar-25, Volume: 19, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Alkynes; Anti-HIV Agents; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Benzoxazines; CD4 Lymphocyte	2005
Management of HIV-1 infection with a combination of nevirapine, stavudine, and lamivudine: a preliminary report on the Nigerian antiretroviral program. Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999), 2005, Sep-01, Volume: 40, Issue:1 Topics: Academies and Institutes; Administration, Oral; Adult; Anti-HIV Agents; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Cohort	2005
Highly active antiretroviral treatment containing efavirenz or nevirapine and related toxicity in the TREAT Asia HIV Observational Database. Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999), 2006, Dec-01, Volume: 43, Issue:4 Topics: Alkynes; Anti-HIV Agents; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Benzoxazines; Chemical and Drug Ind	2006
Safety of nevirapine in pregnancy. HIV medicine, 2007, Volume: 8, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Anti-HIV Agents; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Drug Therapy, Combination; Exanthema	2007
Discontinuation of nevirapine because of hypersensitivity reactions in patients with prior treatment experience, compared with treatment-naive patients: the ATHENA cohort study. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2008, Mar-15, Volume: 46, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Anti-HIV Agents; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Cohort Studies	2008
Prevention of nevirapine-associated exanthema using slow dose escalation and/or corticosteroids. AIDS (London, England), 2000, Sep-29, Volume: 14, Issue:14 Topics: Anti-HIV Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Exanthema; HIV Infections; Humans; Nevirapine; Prednisone	2000
Failure of a short-term prednisone regimen to prevent nevirapine-associated rash: a double-blind placebo-controlled trial: the GESIDA 09/99 study. Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999), 2001, Sep-01, Volume: 28, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Double-Blind Method; Drug Hypersensitivity; Exanthema; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nev	2001

Article	Year
Sulfation of 12-hydroxy-nevirapine by human SULTs and the effects of genetic polymorphisms of SULT1A1 and SULT2A1. Biochemical pharmacology, 2022, Volume: 204 Topics: Animals; Arylsulfotransferase; Cytosol; Exanthema; HIV Infections; Humans; Isoenzymes; Nevirapine; P	2022
Potential Involvement of Sulfotransferase in the Mechanism of Lamotrigine-induced Skin Rash. Chemical research in toxicology, 2023, Nov-20, Volume: 36, Issue:11 Topics: Drug Eruptions; Exanthema; Humans; Lamotrigine; Nevirapine; Oxides; Sertraline; Sulfates; Sulfotrans	2023
Incidence and predictors of nevirapine and efavirenz-associated rash among Indonesian HIV patients. Asian Pacific journal of allergy and immunology, 2022, Volume: 40, Issue:2 Topics: Alkynes; Anti-HIV Agents; Benzoxazines; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Coinfection; Cyclopropanes; Exanthema;	2022
Investigating the Mechanism of Trimethoprim-Induced Skin Rash and Liver Injury. Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, 2021, 02-26, Volume: 180, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Exanthema; Humans; Liver; Mice; Nevirapine; Rats; Skin; Trimethoprim	2021
12-OH-nevirapine sulfate, formed in the skin, is responsible for nevirapine-induced skin rash. Chemical research in toxicology, 2013, May-20, Volume: 26, Issue:5 Topics: Animals; Exanthema; Female; Humans; Molecular Structure; Nevirapine; Rats; Rats, Inbred BN; Time Fac	2013
Identification of danger signals in nevirapine-induced skin rash. Chemical research in toxicology, 2013, Sep-16, Volume: 26, Issue:9 Topics: Animals; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Exanthema; Female; Molecular Structure; Nevirapine; Rats;	2013
Rash and hepatitis within days of starting a new antiretroviral regimen: nevirapine hypersensitivity, secondary syphilis or both? International journal of STD & AIDS, 2014, Volume: 25, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Anti-HIV Agents; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Diagnosis, Differential; Exanthema; Hepatitis; HIV Inf	2014
Incidence and determinants of nevirapine and efavirenz-related skin rashes in West Africans: nevirapine's epitaph? PloS one, 2014, Volume: 9, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Alkynes; Anti-HIV Agents; Benzoxazines; Cyclopropanes; Exanthema; Female; Ghana; Humans; Inci	2014
Incidence and risk factors of skin rashes and hepatotoxicity in HIV-infected patients receiving nevirapine-containing combination antiretroviral therapy in Taiwan. International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases, 2014, Volume: 29 Topics: Adult; Anti-HIV Agents; Drug Therapy, Combination; Exanthema; Female; Hepatitis C Antibodies; HIV In	2014
Adverse drug reactions associated with antiretroviral therapy in South Africa. African journal of AIDS research : AJAR, 2016, Volume: 15, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Alkynes; Anti-HIV Agents; Benzoxazines; Cyclopropanes; Dizziness; Exanthema; Fema	2016
Efavirenz replacement by immediate full-dose nevirapine is safe in HIV-1-infected patients in Cambodia. HIV medicine, 2008, Volume: 9, Issue:7 Topics: Adult; Alkynes; Anti-HIV Agents; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Benzoxazines; Cambodia; Cycl	2008
Demonstration of the metabolic pathway responsible for nevirapine-induced skin rash. Chemical research in toxicology, 2008, Volume: 21, Issue:9 Topics: Animals; Chromatography, Liquid; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Exanthema	2008
HLA-B3505 allele is a strong predictor for nevirapine-induced skin adverse drug reactions in HIV-infected Thai patients. Pharmacogenetics and genomics, 2009, Volume: 19, Issue:2* Topics: Adult; Alleles; Anti-HIV Agents; Case-Control Studies; Exanthema; Female; Genotype; HIV Infections;	2009
Predicting factors for unsuccessful switching from nevirapine to efavirenz in HIV-infected patients who developed nevirapine-associated skin rash. International journal of STD & AIDS, 2009, Volume: 20, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Alkynes; Anti-HIV Agents; Benzoxazines; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Chi-Square Distribution; Cohort	2009
Stavudine- and nevirapine-related drug toxicity while on generic fixed-dose antiretroviral treatment: incidence, timing and risk factors in a three-year cohort in Kigali, Rwanda. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2010, Volume: 104, Issue:2 Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Adult; Age Factors; Anti-HIV Agents; Drug Therapy, Combination; Drugs, Generic; Ex	2010
A study of the specificity of lymphocytes in nevirapine-induced skin rash. The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, 2009, Volume: 331, Issue:3 Topics: Animals; Cell Proliferation; Cytokines; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Dr	2009
Incidence and risk factors of severe adverse events with nevirapine-based antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected women. MTCT-Plus program, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. BMC infectious diseases, 2010, Jun-24, Volume: 10 Topics: Adult; Anti-HIV Agents; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injur	2010
Nevirapine-associated hepatotoxicity was not predicted by CD4 count ≥250 cells/μL among women in Zambia, Thailand and Kenya. HIV medicine, 2010, Volume: 11, Issue:10 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Alanine Transaminase; Aspartate Aminotransferases; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Chemical	2010
HAART induced adverse drug reactions: a retrospective analysis at a tertiary referral health care center in India. The International journal of risk & safety in medicine, 2011, Volume: 23, Issue:3 Topics: Alkynes; Anemia; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Benzoxazines; Chemical and Drug Induced Live	2011
Adverse drug reactions to antiretroviral therapy (ARVs): incidence, type and risk factors in Nigeria. BMC clinical pharmacology, 2012, Feb-27, Volume: 12 Topics: Adenine; Adolescent; Adult; Alkynes; Anti-Retroviral Agents; Benzoxazines; Cohort Studies; Cycloprop	2012
Nevirapine bioactivation and covalent binding in the skin. Chemical research in toxicology, 2013, Mar-18, Volume: 26, Issue:3 Topics: Animals; Exanthema; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Liver; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice, Inbred C	2013
Nevirapine, prednisone and rash. Project Inform perspective, 2000, Issue:31 Topics: Diphenhydramine; Exanthema; HIV Infections; Humans; Nevirapine; Prednisone	2000
Incidence and risk factors for nevirapine-associated rash. European journal of clinical pharmacology, 2003, Volume: 59, Issue:5-6 Topics: Adult; Ambulatory Care; Anti-HIV Agents; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Therapy, Combination	2003
[Exanthema simulating measles without measles virus? Allergic reaction to a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor in an HIV infected boy treated with HAART]. Der Hautarzt; Zeitschrift fur Dermatologie, Venerologie, und verwandte Gebiete, 2003, Volume: 54, Issue:8 Topics: Anti-HIV Agents; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Child, Preschool; Drug Eruptions; Exanthema;	2003
Characterization of a potential animal model of an idiosyncratic drug reaction: nevirapine-induced skin rash in the rat. Chemical research in toxicology, 2003, Volume: 16, Issue:9 Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Disease Models, Ani	2003
Defining the toxicity profile of nevirapine and other antiretroviral drugs. Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999), 2003, Volume: 34 Suppl 1 Topics: Exanthema; HIV Infections; Humans; Nevirapine; Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors	2003
Nevirapine-associated rash in a Jamaican child with HIV/AIDS. The West Indian medical journal, 2004, Volume: 53, Issue:5 Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Anti-HIV Agents; Exanthema; HIV Infections; Humans; Infant; Jama	2004
Are adverse events of nevirapine and efavirenz related to plasma concentrations? Antiviral therapy, 2005, Volume: 10, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Alkynes; Anti-HIV Agents; Benzoxazines; Central Nervous System Diseases; Chemical and Drug In	2005
Nevirapine-related adverse events in a patient receiving a fixed-drug combination pill. Journal of the National Medical Association, 2005, Volume: 97, Issue:12 Topics: Adult; Anti-HIV Agents; Drug Combinations; Exanthema; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Nevirapine; Re	2005
Incidence and risk factors of rash associated with efavirenz in HIV-infected patients with preceding nevirapine-associated rash. HIV medicine, 2006, Volume: 7, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Alkynes; Anti-HIV Agents; Benzoxazines; Cohort Studies; Cyclopropanes; Exanthema; Female; HIV	2006
Study of the sequence of events involved in nevirapine-induced skin rash in Brown Norway rats. Chemical research in toxicology, 2006, Volume: 19, Issue:9 Topics: Animals; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Exanthema; Female; Flow Cytometry; Immunohistochemistry;	2006
Clinical toxicity of highly active antiretroviral therapy in a home-based AIDS care program in rural Uganda. Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999), 2007, Apr-01, Volume: 44, Issue:4 Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Adult; Aged; Alkynes; Anti-HIV Agents; Antiretroviral Therapy, H	2007
Nevirapine-associated rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms in a child with human immunodeficiency virus infection. The Pediatric infectious disease journal, 2007, Volume: 26, Issue:11 Topics: Anti-HIV Agents; Child; Drug Hypersensitivity; Eosinophilia; Exanthema; Female; HIV Infections; HIV-	2007
Incidence and risk factors of nevirapine-associated skin rashes among HIV-infected patients with CD4 cell counts <250 cells/microL. International journal of STD & AIDS, 2007, Volume: 18, Issue:11 Topics: Adult; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Cohort Studies; Exanthema; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Incidence; M	2007
Oral adverse effects due to the use of Nevirapine. The journal of contemporary dental practice, 2008, Jan-01, Volume: 9, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Anti-HIV Agents; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Burning Mouth Syndrome; CD4 Lymphocyt	2008
Risk of side effects associated with the use of nevirapine in treatment-naïve patients, with respect to gender and CD4 cell count. HIV medicine, 2008, Volume: 9, Issue:1 Topics: Anti-HIV Agents; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Exanthema; Female; HI	2008
Nevirapine-associated toxicity in Niger. HIV medicine, 2008, Volume: 9, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Anti-HIV Agents; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Epidemiologic Methods; Exanthema; Fe	2008
Risk factors for nevirapine-associated rash among HIV-infected patients with low CD4 cell counts in resource-limited settings. Current HIV research, 2008, Volume: 6, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Body Weight; Case-Control Studies; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Developing Countries; Drug Hypersens	2008
Spectrum of adverse events after generic HAART in southern Indian HIV-infected patients. AIDS patient care and STDs, 2008, Volume: 22, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Anemia; Anti-HIV Agents; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Chemica	2008
DRESS (drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms) syndrome associated with nevirapine therapy. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 1998, Volume: 27, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Anti-HIV Agents; Drug Eruptions; Drug Hypersensitivity; Drug Therapy, Combination; Eosinophil	1998
Incidence of rash and discontinuation of nevirapine using two different escalating initial doses. AIDS (London, England), 1999, Mar-11, Volume: 13, Issue:4 Topics: Anti-HIV Agents; Exanthema; HIV Infections; HIV-1; Humans; Incidence; Nevirapine; Reverse Transcript	1999
Is there cross-toxicity between nevirapine and efavirenz in subjects developing rash? AIDS (London, England), 2000, Jul-28, Volume: 14, Issue:11 Topics: Alkynes; Anti-HIV Agents; Benzoxazines; Cyclopropanes; Drug Eruptions; Exanthema; HIV Infections; Hu	2000
Sex differences in nevirapine rash. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2001, Volume: 32, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Anti-HIV Agents; Cohort Studies; Drug Eruptions; Exanthema; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; M	2001
Hypersensitivity syndrome (DRESS) and meningoencephalitis associated with nevirapine therapy. Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases, 2001, Volume: 33, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Anti-HIV Agents; Drug Eruptions; Drug Hypersensitivity; Eosinophilia; Exanthema; HIV Infectio	2001
Female sex and the use of anti-allergic agents increase the risk of developing cutaneous rash associated with nevirapine therapy. AIDS (London, England), 2001, Aug-17, Volume: 15, Issue:12 Topics: Adult; Anti-Allergic Agents; Anti-HIV Agents; Drug Therapy, Combination; Exanthema; Female; HIV Infe	2001
Sex differences in nevirapine rash. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2001, Dec-15, Volume: 33, Issue:12 Topics: Anti-HIV Agents; Exanthema; Female; Humans; Male; Nevirapine; Sex Factors	2001
Nevirapine-associated toxicity. The AIDS reader, 2002, Volume: 12, Issue:4 Topics: Anti-HIV Agents; Exanthema; HIV Infections; Humans; Liver Diseases; Nevirapine	2002

nevirapine and Exanthema