neuropeptide-y and Tennis-Elbow

By using immunohistochemistry and antibodies to a general nerve marker, protein gene product (PGP) 9.5, the overall innervation at the extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB) muscle origin was investigated in patients with tennis elbow and in healthy controls. The autonomic innervation was studied by using antibodies to neuropeptide Y (NPY), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). The sensory innervation was visualized by using antibodies to substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide. PGP 9.5 immunoreactions were detected in association with small blood vessels and arteries and within nerve bundles. There was, however, heterogeneity in the perivascular nerve fiber distribution since some blood vessels exhibited a high degree of PGP 9.5 innervation and some negligible or no such innervation at all. There was marked TH/NPY innervation in the walls of a subpopulation of the arteries, basically no VIP-containing nerves, and sensory innervation restricted to the small blood vessels. These observations show that the ECRB muscle origin is supplied with heterogeneously distributed sympathetic and sensory innervations and, furthermore, that there appears to be an imbalance between the vasoconstrictor and vasodilator innervations along the vascular tree in this region.

Topics: Adult; Antibodies; Biopsy; Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide; Elbow; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Muscle, Skeletal; Nerve Fibers; Neurons, Afferent; Neuropeptide Y; Substance P; Sympathetic Nervous System; Tendons; Tennis Elbow; Thiolester Hydrolases; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase; Ubiquitin Thiolesterase; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide

The contribution of the sensory and autonomic nervous system to experimentally induced tennis elbow or lateral epicondylalgia was investigated by analyses of the release of neuropeptides from sensory (substance P, SP, neurokinin A, NKA, calcitonin gene-related peptide, CGRP) and sympathetic (neuropeptide Y, NPY) nerves. SP, CGRP, NKA, NPY-like immunoreactivity (-LI) was studied in rats cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), plasma and perfusates (PF) from the enthesis of the extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB) of the right elbow at 2, 6 and 24 h following 0.01 ml injection of either complete Freund adjuvans (FA) or 2% Carrageenan (CAR). The control group was injected with 0.01 ml saline. In general the changes of neuropeptide-LI in the CSF and plasma were similar for both treated groups compared with the controls, but they were more pronounced in the FA group than the CAR. SP-, NKA-, CGRP- and NPY-LI were significantly increased to a similar degree in the perfusates of the ECRBs of the treated groups with a greater increase in SP-LI in the FA than the CAR group compared with controls. When comparing the neuropeptide-LI in the CSF, plasma and PF between the 2 treated groups, there were thus few differences found. Generally a unilateral injection with either FA or CAR into the rat ECRB induced a similar alteration in the concentration of SP-, NKA-, CGRP- and NPY-LI in the CSF, plasma and PF at 2, 6 and 24 h following injection. However, the most pronounced changes in neuropeptide-LI occurred locally in the elbow ECRBs PF in both treated groups.

Topics: Animals; Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide; Carrageenan; Disease Models, Animal; Freund's Adjuvant; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Nervous System; Neurokinin A; Neurons, Afferent; Neuropeptide Y; Neuropeptides; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Substance P; Sympathetic Nervous System; Tennis Elbow

In the present study the content of substance P (SP)-, neurokinin A (NKA)-, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)- and neuropeptide Y (NPY)-like immunoreactivity (-LI) was measured in rats cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), plasma and perfusates (PF) from both elbow enthesis during acute inflammation. Either substance P, SP, (10-5 M, 0.01 ml) or human recombinant interleukin-1 alpha (hrIl-1 alpha, 0.01 ml) were injected into the right enthesis of the extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB). The left ECRB and both ECRBs of control rats, were injected with 0.01 ml saline. Samples of CSF, plasma and PF from both ECRBs were obtained at 2, 6, and 24 h following injection and neuropeptide-LI was analysed by specific radioimmunoassays. Neuropeptide-LI was compared with control values and between the treated groups. In both treated groups NKA- and CGRP-LI was increased in CSF and NKA-LI decreased in plasma, while CGRP- and NPY-LI were raised to a similarly significant degree in the enthesis of the ECRB. SP-LI was increased in ECRB PF in comparison with controls and NKA-LI levels were higher in the hrIl-1 alpha group both in comparison with controls and between treated groups. In summary an unilateral injection of either SP or hrIl-1 alpha into the enthesis of the ECRB of the rat showed a similar influence at 2, 6, and 24 h following injection. The most pronounced changes in neuropeptide-LI occurred in the ECRB PF of both treated groups.

Topics: Animals; Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide; Disease Models, Animal; Injections, Intra-Arterial; Interleukin-1; Male; Neurokinin A; Neuropeptide Y; Neuropeptides; Perfusion; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Substance P; Tennis Elbow