neuropeptide-y and Prostatic-Hyperplasia

This study was designed to investigate (a) the presence of protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5), ubiquitin, and neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the neuroendocrine and secretory epithelium of the human normal prostate and its secretions, and (b) the changes in immunoreactivity to these proteins in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Western blotting and light microscopic immunohistochemistry techniques were used and the numerical density of immunoreactive neuroendocrine cells, and the volume fractions of immunostained secretory epithelium were evaluated. Western blotting revealed the presence of the three antigens in both tissue homogenates and prostate secretion. Some neuroendocrine cells immunoreacted to PGP 9.5 and NPY in all the prostate regions of control specimens. Ubiquitin immunoreactivity was detected in the nuclei from both basal cells and secretory epithelial cells. The cytoplasm of the secretory cells and the glandular lumen also showed immunostaining for the three proteins. The numerical densities of both PGP 9.5 and NPY neuroendocrine cells were lower in hyperplasia than in controls. No differences in the volume fraction occupied by epithelial immunostaining to both proteins was found between hyperplastic and control prostates. We concluded that (a) PGP 9.5 and NPY, but not ubiquitin, are common antigens in both neuroendocrine and secretory prostate cells, (b) the three immunoreactive proteins contribute to the prostate secretions, and (c) the secretion of ubiquitin is markedly diminished in the hyperplastic epithelium.(J Histochem Cytochem 48:1121-1130, 2000)

Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blotting, Western; Epithelial Cells; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Middle Aged; Neuropeptide Y; Neurosecretory Systems; Prostate; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Thiolester Hydrolases; Ubiquitin Thiolesterase; Ubiquitins

To determine the distribution of neuropeptides in male patients with bladder neck dyssynergia and benign prostatic hyperplasia.. Bladder neck tissue, obtained from male patients with bladder neck dyssynergia (BND) and control patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), was studied immunohistochemically for protein gene product 9.5 (a general neuronal marker), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, neuropeptide Y, calcitonin gene-related peptide, substance P, growth associated protein 43 and nitric oxide synthase.. In the bladder neck from control patients, the greatest density of nerves contained protein gene product 9.5, followed in decreasing order by neuropeptide Y; vasoactive intestinal polypeptide; calcitonin gene-related peptide; nitric oxide synthase; substance P and serotonin. The neuropeptides were found in the smooth muscle and were also associated with blood vessels. In patients with BND there was a statistically significant increase (P < 0.05) in the density of protein gene product 9.5- and neuropeptide Y-immunoreactive nerves in the smooth muscle and the base of the mucosa but not in blood vessels in the bladder neck, while the density of the other neuropeptides studied, nitric oxide synthase and serotonin did not significantly change from that of control tissue. Growth associated protein 43-immunoreactive nerves were absent from the bladder neck from both groups of patients.. It is suggested that the increase in density of protein gene product 9.5- and neuropeptide Y-immunoreactive nerves, part of the sympathetic contractile system of the bladder neck, may exacerbate bladder outlet obstruction and thus play a role in the pathogenesis of BND.

Topics: Adult; Amino Acid Oxidoreductases; Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Neurons; Neuropeptide Y; Nitric Oxide Synthase; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Substance P; Thiolester Hydrolases; Ubiquitin Thiolesterase; Urinary Bladder; Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide

Different regions of the prostate gland, namely prostatic capsule, peripheral prostate and central prostate (subdivided into proximal (near the bladder neck), distal (near the verumontanum) and midway between these areas) were obtained from 32 obstructed (stable obstructed, n = 8; unstable obstructed, n = 13; acute retention, n = 11) and five control patients. The innervation of these tissues was studied both histochemically to localise acetylcholinesterase activity and immunohistochemically for dopamine-beta-hydroxylase, 5-hydroxytryptamine, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, neuropeptide Y, leu- and met-enkephalin, calcitonin gene-related peptide, substance P and somatostatin. In control patients the greatest density of nerves was found in the proximal central prostate, followed by the anterior capsule and distal central prostate, with the least density in the peripheral prostate. The greatest density of nerves were acetylcholinesterase positive and immunoreactive to neuropeptide Y followed (in decreasing order) by nerves immunoreactive to: vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and dopamine beta-hydroxylase; leu-enkephalin and 5-hydroxytryptamine; calcitonin gene-related peptide; met-enkephalin; substance P; somatostatin. In addition a group of periacinar 5-hydroxytryptamine-immunoreactive cells and ganglia containing acetylcholinesterase, dopamine beta-hydroxylase and all of the peptides studied except somatostatin were identified. In the prostate gland from obstructed patients there was a significant reduction in the density of acetylcholinesterase-positive nerves (p less than 0.001) when compared with the controls. A similar trend was found for dopamine beta-hydroxylase, 5-hydroxytryptamine and all of the putative neuropeptides in most areas of the prostate, the most notable exceptions being in the peripheral prostate, with an increase in dopamine beta-hydroxylase- and leu-enkephalin-immunoreactive nerves in all three groups of obstructed patients an an increase in vasoactive intestinal polypeptide- and calcitonin gene-related peptide-immunoreactive nerves in those presenting in urinary retention. The functional significance of these findings is discussed.

Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Aged; Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide; Dopamine beta-Hydroxylase; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalin, Methionine; Humans; Male; Nerve Fibers; Neuropeptide Y; Prostate; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Serotonin; Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide

Topics: Bradykinin; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Smooth; Neuropeptide Y; Norepinephrine; Prostate; Prostatectomy; Prostatic Hyperplasia

In order to evaluate a possible role of several peptides in the human urogenital tract, peptide concentrations in urogenital tissues collected from surgery were measured using specific radioimmunoassay. The specimens were extracted in boiling 0.5M acetic acid, and these extracts were utilized to measure neuropeptide concentrations, i.e., neuropeptide Y(NPY), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and peptide 7B2. The highest concentrations of NPY were found in seminal vesicle (145 +/- 42pmol/g) and vas deference (104 +/- 26pmol/g). There was no significant difference in NPY concentration between malignant and non-malignant tissues (prostate and urinary bladder). High concentrations of VIP were also observed in several urogenital tissues (seminal vesicle, vas deference and urethra). VIP concentrations in prostatic cancer and carcinoma of urinary bladder seemed to be reduced, though no significant difference could be found in each corresponding tissue. Pituitary peptide 7B2 was found to be present in the human urogenital tract in relatively low concentrations. A significant difference was observed in CGRP concentration between carcinoma of urinary bladder and adjacent normal vesicular tissues (p less than 0.05). These four peptide immunoreactivities were further characterized by gel permeation or high performance liquid chromatography. Each main immunoreactivity in urogenital extracts seemed to correspond to each synthetic standard or pituitary extracts (in case of 7B2). These results demonstrated that pituitary peptide 7B2 was shown to be present in the human urogenital tract and that the distribution patterns of these peptides might correlate to their pathophysiological role in the urogenital tract. Furthermore, the absence of CGRP immunoreactivity in carcinoma of urinary bladder may be useful for additional diagnostic information.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide; Child; Child, Preschool; Chromatography, Gel; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Neuroendocrine Secretory Protein 7B2; Neuropeptide Y; Neuropeptides; Pituitary Hormones; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Prostatic Neoplasms; Radioimmunoassay; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms; Urogenital Neoplasms; Urogenital System; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide