neuropeptide-y and Disease

Neuropeptides are emerging as key components in the hippocampal neurogenic niche in health and disease, regulating many aspects of neurogenesis and the synaptic integration of newly generated neurons. This review focuses on the role of neuropeptide Y in the control of stem/precursor cells in the postnatal and adult hippocampus. It is likely that neuropeptide Y releasing interneurons are key sensors of neural activity, modulating neurogenesis appropriately. This is likely to be a fruitful area of research for extending our understanding of the control of stem cells in the normal and diseased brain.

Topics: Animals; Disease; Health; Hippocampus; Humans; Neuropeptide Y; Signal Transduction; Stem Cells

Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena; Digestive System Physiological Phenomena; Disease; Feeding Behavior; Hormones; Humans; Molecular Sequence Data; Multigene Family; Neuropeptide Y; Pancreatic Polypeptide; Peptide YY; Peptides; Receptors, Cell Surface; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid

Endothelin-1 (ET-1) undergoes an about 8-h (circaoctohoran) rather than a circadian variation in clinical health. Herein, 24 h plasma concentrations of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), substance P (SP), neuropeptide Y (NpY), and cortisol used as reference, were obtained from 20 healthy young adults starting at 07:00 or 19:00 h. Like ET-1, SP and NpY undergo a circaoctohoran variation, whereas VIP is circadian rhythmic, peaking during the night, some 8 h prior to the circadian acrophase of cortisol. Maps of circadian and extra-circadian patterns may serve for screening, diagnosis and a better understanding of mechanisms underlying the etiology of various diseases.

Topics: Adult; Circadian Rhythm; Diagnosis; Disease; Endothelin-1; Female; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Male; Neuropeptide Y; Substance P; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide