natriuretic-peptide--brain and Poisoning

Acute exposure to systemic poisons represents an important challenge in clinical toxicology. We aimed to analyze the potential role of cardiac biomarkers, routine laboratory tests, and clinical scores as morbidity and in-hospital mortality predictors in patients intoxicated with various systemic poisons. We conducted a prospective study on adults acutely exposed to systemic poisons. We determined the PSS, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), and we performed electrocardiogram, laboratory tests, lactate and cardiac biomarkers (which were reassessed 4 h, respectively 6 h later). Of 120 patients included, 45% developed complications, 19.2% had a poor outcome, and 5% died. Multivariate logistic regression sustained lactate (odds ratio (OR) 1.58; confidence interval (CI) 95%: 0.97-2.59; p 0.066), MB isoenzyme of creatine kinase (6h-CKMB; OR 1.08; CI 95%: 1.02-1.16; p 0.018) as predictors for a poor outcome. A GCS < 10 (OR 0.113; CI 95%: 0.019-0.658; p 0.015) and 4h-lactate (OR 4.87; CI 95%: 0.79-29.82; p 0.087) predicted mortality after systemic poisons exposure. Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that brain natriuretic peptide (area under the curve (AUC), 0.96; CI 95%: 0.92-0.99; p < 0.001), lactate (AUC, 0.91; CI 95%: 0.85-0.97; p < 0.001), and 6h-CKMB have good discriminatory capacity for predicting a poor outcome. In conclusion, these biomarkers, lactate, and GCS can be used to predict morbidity and mortality after systemic poisons exposure.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biomarkers; Creatine Kinase, MB Form; Electrocardiography; Female; Glasgow Coma Scale; Hospital Mortality; Humans; Lactic Acid; Logistic Models; Male; Middle Aged; Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; Odds Ratio; Poisoning; Poisons; Prognosis; Prospective Studies; Young Adult

Acute poisonings represent a common cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The prognostic utility of the transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) parameters combined with brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) in acute poisoning with different xenobiotics, upon admission in the hospital, was not evaluated. This prospective observational cohort study included 229 acutely poisoned non-diabetic adults, with a median age of 44 years (range 18-90 years), 50.7% women, with an in-hospital mortality rate of 8.7%. Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that age, the left ventricle kinetic abnormalities, the E-wave deceleration time (EDT) and BNP correlated significantly with mortality in acutely poisoned patients. Multivariate logistic regression showed that only EDT [odds ratio (OR) 3.44, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.54-7.69, p 0.003], BNP (OR 1.61, 95% CI: 1.02-2.55, p 0.04) and age (OR 2.66, 95% CI: 1.23-5.76, p 0.013) are predictive for mortality. The receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis proved EDT [area under the ROC curve (AUC), 0.85; CI: 0.76-0.94; p 0.001], BNP (AUC, 0.83; CI: 0.75-0.91; p 0.001) and age (AUC, 0.82; CI: 0.74-0.90; p 0.001) as indicators for fatalities. In hospitalized patients acutely intoxicated with undifferentiated poisons, EDT as a parameter of left ventricle diastolic function and BNP are useful to early predict mortality.

Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Echocardiography; Female; Hospital Mortality; Hospitalization; Humans; Logistic Models; Male; Middle Aged; Multivariate Analysis; Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; Poisoning; Prognosis; Prospective Studies; Ventricular Function, Left; Xenobiotics; Young Adult

The present study investigated the molecular pathology of atrial and brain natriuretic peptides (ANP and BNP) in the myocardium to evaluate terminal cardiac function in routine forensic casework with particular regard to fatal drug intoxication (n = 18; sedative-hypnotics, n = 10; methamphetamine, n = 8), hypothermia (cold exposure, n = 13), and hyperthermia (heatstroke, n = 10), compared with that in acute ischemic heart disease (AIHD, n = 35) and congestive heart disease (CHD, n = 11) as controls (total n = 87; within 48 h postmortem). Quantitative analyses of myocardial ANP and BNP messenger RNA demonstrated that their expressions in bilateral atrial and ventricular walls were high in methamphetamine intoxication and hypothermia, comparable to those in AIHD and CHD, but were low in sedative-hypnotic intoxication and hyperthermia. In pericardial fluid, both ANP and BNP levels were increased in hypothermia, while CHD cases had an elevated BNP level, and ANP level showed a tendency to increase in hyperthermia; however, immunohistochemistry showed no evident differences in myocardial ANP and BNP among the causes of death. These findings suggest terminal high cardiac strain in methamphetamine intoxication, decreased cardiac strain in sedative-hypnotic intoxication and hyperthermia (heatstroke), and persistent congestion in hypothermia (cold exposure).

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Atrial Natriuretic Factor; Autopsy; Cause of Death; Female; Gene Expression; Heart Atria; Heart Failure; Heart Ventricles; Heat Stroke; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Hypothermia; Illicit Drugs; Male; Methamphetamine; Middle Aged; Myocardial Ischemia; Myocardium; Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; Pathology, Molecular; Pericardial Effusion; Poisoning; Postmortem Changes; Prescription Drug Misuse; RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase; RNA, Messenger

B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) is synthesized in the cardiac ventricles upon ventricular myocyte stretch. BNP plasma concentration is useful in cardiology especially for identifying patients with congestive heart failure (CHF), as a prognostic marker of acute coronary syndromes and independent predictor of sudden cardiac death. Its value in clinical toxicology is unclear. As toxins frequently produce deleterious effects on the cardiovascular system we have decided to carry out the pilot study on BNP plasma levels in acutely poisoned patients. The 117 patients (65 males and 52 females) treated at the Department of Clinical Toxicology Jagiellonian University Medical College in Kraków in 2004 were included. 42 of them were intoxicated with ethanol, 35 with pharmaceuticals (mostly tricyclic antidepressants), 13 with CO. The mean age of examined group was 34.07 +/- 12.08 year. The control group consisted of 54 healthy volunteers and employees of the Department (mean age; 32.7 +/- 11.74). A significantly higher BNP concentration was found in poisoned patients than in the control group. The highest BNP plasma concentration was noted in pharmaceutical poisoned patients. Mean BNP concentration in poisonings of minor severity (grade 1) was significantly lower then in moderate (grade 2) or severe (grade 3) poisonings. BNP plasma measurement as an additional marker of cardiac disturbances in clinical toxicology practice may be suggested.

Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; Biomarkers; Carbon Monoxide Poisoning; Case-Control Studies; Central Nervous System Depressants; Ethanol; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; Poisoning; Poland; Severity of Illness Index