natriuretic-peptide--brain and Pericarditis

Myocardial infarctions (MI) have been reported in adults with COVID-19. Although MIs are rare in children with COVID-19, cardiac involvement is still possible. In this case report, we present an adolescent with recent COVID-19 infection who presented with an ECG initially suggestive of myocardial infarction (MI). We describe how to differentiate between myocardial infarctions and myopericarditis. A 15-year-old boy, with a history of COVID-19 infection a month prior, presented to the emergency department with fever, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and chest pain. On ECG, he was found to have focal ST-segment elevations in V3 through V6. Given the immediate concern for MI, an emergent echocardiogram was done and showed normal left ventricular systolic function with no regional dyskinesia and normal coronary artery diameters. A repeat ECG showed diffuse ST elevations in the inferior leads and T-wave inversions on V5 and V6, confirming the diagnosis of myopericarditis. In conclusion, multisystem-inflammatory syndrome in children associated with COVID-19 (MIS-C) is a new entity describing a post-infectious inflammatory response in children with prior COVID-19 exposure. Cardiac involvement can include myopericarditis. Initial ECGs may show ST-changes suggestive of MI. However, serial ECGs and echocardiograms can differentiate between MI and myocarditis/myopericarditis. Even with COVID-19, MIs are extremely rare in children, and it is important to be aware of MIS-C and its cardiac complications.

Topics: Adolescent; Biomarkers; COVID-19; Diagnosis, Differential; Echocardiography; Electrocardiography; Emergency Service, Hospital; Humans; Male; Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; Peptide Fragments; Pericarditis; SARS-CoV-2; ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction; Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome; Troponin I

To estimate incidence, risk factors, clinical characteristics and outcomes of acute (myo)pericarditis (AMP) in patients with COVID-19.. Case-control, retrospective review, consecutive case inclusion performed in 62 Spanish EDs. All COVID-19 patients with AMP (cases) were compared in clinical characteristics and outcomes with COVID-19 without AMP (control group A) and non-COVID patients with AMP (control group B). We estimated unadjusted standardised incidence (SI, not adjusted by population's age/sex) of AMP in COVID-19 and non-COVID populations (per 100 000/year).. We identified 67 AMP in COVID-19 patients (SI=56.5, OR with respect to non-COVID patients=4.43, 95% CI=3.98 to 4.94). Remarkably, COVID-19 cases presented with chest pain less frequently than non-COVID patients and had less typical ECG changes, higher NT-proBNP (N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide), more left and right ventricular dysfunction in echocardiography and more need of inotropic/vasopressor drugs. Admission to intensive care was higher than control group A (OR=3.22, 95% CI=1.43 to 7.23), and in-hospital mortality was higher than control group B (OR=7.75, 95% CI=2.77 to 21.7).. AMP is unusual as a form of COVID-19 presentation (about 1‰ cases), but SI is more than fourfold higher than non-COVID population, and it is less symptomatic, more severe and has higher in-hospital mortality; therefore, rapid recognition, echocardiographic assessment of myopericardial inflammation/dysfunction and treatment with vasoactive drugs when needed are recommended in AMP in patients with COVID-19.

Topics: Adenosine Monophosphate; Biomarkers; Case-Control Studies; COVID-19; Humans; Incidence; Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; Peptide Fragments; Pericarditis; Risk Factors

Topics: Asthma; C-Reactive Protein; Chest Pain; Eosinophilia; Female; Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis; Humans; Leukocytosis; Lupus Erythematosus, Discoid; Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine; Middle Aged; Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; Pericarditis; Troponin T

A previously healthy young man presented with a 12-hour history of sudden dyspnea and severe chest pain at rest. Initial findings of physical examination, electrocardiogram and chest radiography showed typical pericarditis and clinical instability. Echocardiogram revealed small pericardial effusion with right ventricle dilatation. The patient was admitted in the ICU; a new echocardiogram revealed moderate pericardial effusion and diagnosis of pericarditis complicated with acute cardiac tamponade was established. The patient transiently improved after pericardial window. In the following hours, the diagnosis of myocarditis with predominantly right ventricular involvement (MPRVI) with severe right heart failure was supported by clinical, chest radiography and echocardiogram data, despite normal B-type natriuretic peptide. On day 2, cardiac troponin I detection was observed. By day 3, B-type natriuretic peptide in the range of ventricular dysfunction was identified. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance findings supported the diagnosis of MPRVI. A systematic MEDLINE/PubMed from 1993 to 2013 does not identify any cases of MPRVI related to systemic lupus erythematosus. Simultaneous acute MPRVI with normal B-type natriuretic peptide and acute cardiac tamponade heralding the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus, to the best of our knowledge, has not been previously described.

Topics: Adult; Cardiac Tamponade; Heart Ventricles; Humans; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Male; Myocarditis; Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; Pericarditis