naphthoquinones and Tinea

Xanthomegnin, a mutagenic mycotoxin best known as an agent of nephropathy and death in farm animals exposed to food-borne Penicillium and Aspergillus fungi, was first isolated about 35 y ago as a diffusing pigment from cultures of the dermatophyte, Trichophyton megninii. This study investigates the production of xanthomegnin by the most common dermatophytic species, Trichophyton rubrum, both in dermatologic nail specimens and in culture. In view of the labile nature of xanthomegnin, a chromatographic procedure was developed to allow high-performance liquid chromatography analysis within 1 h of sample extraction. In cultures, Tricho- phyton rubrum produced xanthomegnin as a major pigment that appears to give the culture its characteristic red colony reverse. Xanthomegnin was also repeatedly extracted from human nail and skin material infected by Trichophyton rubrum. The level of xanthomegnin present, however, varied among the clinical samples studied. Xanthomegnin was not detected in uninfected nails. These results show that patients with Trichophyton rubrum infections may be exposed to xanthomegnin, although the consequences of such an exposure are not currently known.

Topics: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Humans; Nails; Naphthoquinones; Skin; Tinea; Trichophyton

Topics: Animals; Candida albicans; Candidiasis; Guinea Pigs; Lactones; Naphthoquinones; Plant Extracts; Tinea; Trichophyton

Acute toxicity of nanaomycin A was tested in mice and rats. It was found that the antibiotic was well absorbed topically so that topical LD50 was approximately the same as intravenous LD50 in mice. The therapeutic effect of nanaomycin A and siccanin against experimental cutaneous Trichophyton mentagrophytes infection in guinea pigs was investigated. Topically applied formulation of nanaomycin A was very effective in improving the condition of lesions and in preventing fungal growth in the infected tissues. Nanaomycin A and siccanin were comparable in activity in experiments.

Topics: Animals; Antifungal Agents; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Guinea Pigs; Mice; Naphthoquinones; Rats; Tinea

Topics: Animals; Antifungal Agents; Foxes; Griseofulvin; Naphthoquinones; Tinea; Trichophyton

Topics: Dermatomycoses; Humans; Naphthoquinones; Tinea; Vitamin K