naphthoquinones and Hypersensitivity

Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Coloring Agents; Dermatitis, Contact; Emergency Nursing; Female; Hair Dyes; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Male; Naphthoquinones; Phenylenediamines; Tattooing

To determine (i) effects of lawsone methyl ether (LME) mouthwash on antifungal drug resistance of oral Candida, (ii) effects of LME mouthwash on changes in genotype of oral Candida, and (iii) allergy and subjects' satisfaction on LME mouthwash in comparison with chlorhexidine (CHX).. A randomized clinical trial was conducted in HIV-infected subjects and denture wearers receiving either LME or CHX mouthwash. Candidal culture by oral rinse technique was performed as baseline and after using the mouthwash for 2 weeks. Antifungal drug resistance and changes in genotype of oral Candida were assessed by microdilution assay, inverted repeat polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism assays, respectively. Allergy and subjects' satisfaction on the mouthwashes were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-squared and Fisher's exact tests.. Twenty-nine HIV-infected subjects (age range, 26-54 years; mean age, 41 years) and 38 denture wearers (age range, 27-76 years; mean age, 55 years) were enrolled. C. albicans was the most common specie found in both groups followed by C. tropicalis, C. parapsilosis, and C. glabrata. Neither antifungal drug resistance nor significant changes in genotyping of Candida were noted among those receiving LME mouthwash. Subjects' satisfaction on taste and smell of LME mouthwash was comparable to that of CHX.. Use of LME mouthwash for 2 weeks neither led to antifungal drug resistance nor significant changes in genotype of oral Candida. Thus, LME may be an alternative mouthwash in prophylaxis of oral candidiasis among those at risk of developing the disease.

Topics: Adult; Aged; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Antifungal Agents; Candida; Candida albicans; Candida glabrata; Candida tropicalis; Candidiasis, Oral; Chlorhexidine; Drug Resistance, Fungal; Female; Genotype; HIV Infections; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Male; Middle Aged; Mouthwashes; Naphthoquinones; Patient Satisfaction; Smell; Stomatitis, Denture; Taste

Mast cells (MCs) are crucial effectors in allergic disorders by secreting inflammatory mediators. The Mas-related G-protein-coupled receptor X2 (Mrgprx2) was shown to have a key role in IgE-independent allergic reactions. Therefore, potential drug candidates that directly target Mrgprx2 could be used to treat pseudo-allergic diseases. Shikonin, an active ingredient derived from Lithospermum erythrorhizon Sieb. et Zucc has been used for its anti-inflammatory properties since ancient China.. To investigate the inhibitory effects of Shikonin on IgE-independent allergy both in vitro and in vivo, as well as the mechanism underlying its effects.. The anti-anaphylactoid activity of Shikonin was evaluated in PCA and systemic anaphylaxis models, Calcium imaging was used to assess intracellular Ca. Shikonin can suppress compound 48/80 (C48/80)-induced PCA, active systemic anaphylaxis, and MCs degranulation in mice in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, Shikonin reduced C48/80-induced calcium flux and suppressed LAD2 cell degranulation via PLCγ-PKC-IP3 signaling pathway. Moreover, Shikonin was found to inhibit C48/80-induced Mrgprx2 expression in HEK cells, displaying specific interactions with the Mrgprx2 protein.. Shikonin could be a potential antagonist of Mrgprx2, thereby inhibiting pseudo-allergic reactions through Ca

Topics: Anaphylaxis; Animals; Calcium; Cell Degranulation; Cell Line; Chemokines; Cytokines; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Male; Mast Cells; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Naphthoquinones; Nerve Tissue Proteins; p-Methoxy-N-methylphenethylamine; Phospholipase C gamma; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; Receptors, Neuropeptide; Secretagogues

Topics: Angioedema; Female; Hair Dyes; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Naphthoquinones; Young Adult

Topics: Adult; Ceremonial Behavior; Female; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Naphthoquinones; Paintings

Topics: Australia; Child; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Male; Naphthoquinones; Tattooing

Topics: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; Ambrosia; Animals; Cytokines; Enzyme Inhibitors; Fibroblasts; Hypersensitivity; Interleukin-4; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Naphthoquinones; Pneumonia; Rats; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Messenger; Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha