naphthoquinones and Dermatitis--Allergic-Contact

The second article in this continuing medical education series discusses cosmetic practices associated with cultural dermatoses, including hair care, traditional clothing, and skin decorations. Often, the steps individuals take to enhance their physical appearance are determined by cultural perceptions of beauty. Without awareness of cultural practices, a multitude of cutaneous dermatoses may be missed by the dermatologist. Recognition and understanding of patients' cultural backgrounds and habits will allow the practicing dermatologist to offer better counseling and treatment options while providing a more meaningful and understanding physician-patient relationship.

Topics: Beauty; Cosmetic Techniques; Cosmetics; Cultural Characteristics; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Education, Medical, Continuing; Ethnicity; Female; Humans; Incidence; Male; Naphthoquinones; Prognosis; Risk Assessment; Skin Diseases

Topics: Adolescent; Albania; Child; Coloring Agents; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Egypt; Female; Histamine; Humans; Italy; Male; Naphthoquinones; Phenylenediamines; Tattooing; Treatment Outcome

Temporary henna-based tattoos, particularly popular among western tourists holidaying in exotic places, can expose to the risk to develop allergic reactions. Although hypersensitivity to henna is extremely rare, para-phenylenediamine, which is sometimes added to henna to obtain a dark, blackish color, is a frequent contact sensitizer. The purpose of this article is to review the literature about allergic reactions to temporary henna tattoos and outline the causes, clinical aspects and complications of this practice that should not be regarded as innocuous and risk-free.

Topics: Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Humans; Naphthoquinones; Phenylenediamines; Tattooing

Topics: Adolescent; Child; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Female; Health Policy; Humans; Male; Naphthoquinones; Needs Assessment; Phenylenediamines; Policy Making; Tattooing; United States

Topics: Coloring Agents; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Humans; Naphthoquinones; Tattooing

Topics: Coloring Agents; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Hair Color; Humans; Naphthoquinones; Tattooing

Topics: Coloring Agents; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Humans; Naphthoquinones

Topics: Blister; Coloring Agents; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Female; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Methylprednisolone; Middle Aged; Naphthoquinones; Phenylenediamines

Para-phenylenediamine, a dye frequently added to henna tattoos to create the black color, is a potent contact allergen. Severe contact dermatitis may arise within days even after the first application. Our objective was to develop a method for rapid and complete removal of para-phenylenediamine-containing black henna tattoos from the skin, an important problem many physicians are confronted with, but for which no simple method exists.. A database search revealed polyethylene glycol 400, described in removal of ortho-phenylenediamine from contaminated skin. We therefore investigated its use in removal of the structurally related ortholog para-phenylenediamine present in black henna tattoos.. A protocol was established involving repeated cycles of rinsing of the skin with polyethylene glycol 400 solution. In 5 patients, one of whom had already developed a severe blistering contact dermatitis and another a mild erosive dermatitis, black henna tattoos were successfully removed. Removal was completed in a single session of 1 hour or less, depending on tattoo size, with a maximum of 6 rinse cycles.. We provide a simple and safe method for rapid and effective removal of black henna tattoos. This procedure requires no special equipment and can be applied in virtually any setting.

Topics: Coloring Agents; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Humans; Naphthoquinones; Phenylenediamines; Tattooing

A previous analysis of undesirable events (UEvs), reported to four major companies following the use of hair-colouring products in Europe, showed that the reporting rates were stable for both oxidative and direct hair-colouring products over the period 2003-2006.. In order to verify the impact of risk management measures implemented since 2006, as well as the impact of a new Commission Regulation (No 1223/2009), the same four companies analysed cosmetovigilance data collected over an additional four-year period (2014-2017). The objective was to determine whether there was any time effect, country effect, or product type effect, as well as identify risk factors.. Each company collected reports of alleged UEvs, undesirable effects (UEfs) and serious undesirable effects (SUEs) for their products in their key European markets, and calculated the respective reporting rates (number of events/million units sold). A detailed analysis was performed on allergic contact dermatitis-type events.. The reporting rates for alleged UEvs and allergic-type UEfs associated with hair-colouring products remained stable over the four-year period, although a statistically significant decrease was observed for some companies. No time effect on SUEs was observed for three companies but a statistically significant decrease in SUEs was observed for one company. Black henna tattoos remained a major risk factor regarding SUEs due to hair dyes.. The reporting rates of undesirable events, including contact allergy-type events, were stable over time. This was true for oxidative and direct hair dyes, for both home use and professional exposure scenarios.

Topics: Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Europe; Follow-Up Studies; Hair Dyes; Humans; Naphthoquinones; Product Surveillance, Postmarketing; Risk Factors; Scalp Dermatoses; Tattooing

Topics: Adult; Allergens; Cymbopogon; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; False Negative Reactions; Female; Humans; Naphthoquinones; Oils, Volatile; Patch Tests; Phenylenediamines; Pruritus; Skin; Tattooing

Topics: Adolescent; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Female; Humans; Naphthoquinones; Skin Diseases, Vesiculobullous; Tattooing

Allergic contact dermatitis caused by henna-based hair-colouring products has been associated with adulteration of henna with p-phenylenediamine (PPD).. To develop a testing approach based on in vitro techniques that address key events within the skin sensitization adverse outcome pathway in order to evaluate the allergenic potential of hair-colouring products.. The following in vitro assays were used to test the sensitizing capacity of hair dye ingredients: the micro-direct peptide reactivity assay (mDPRA); the HaCaT keratinocyte-associated interleukin (IL)-18 assay; the U937 cell line activation test (U-SENS)/IL-8 levels; the blood monocyte-derived dendritic cell test; and genomic allergen rapid detection (GARD skin). Those techniques with better human concordance were selected to evaluate the allergenic potential of 10 hair-colouring products.. In contrast to the information on the label, chromatographic analyses identified PPD in all products. The main henna biomarker, lawsone, was not detected in one of the 10 products. Among the techniques evaluated by testing hair dye ingredients, the mDPRA, the IL-18 assay, GARD skin and the U-SENS correlated better with human classification (concordances of 91.7%-100%) and were superior to the animal testing (concordance of 78.5%). Thus, these assays were used to evaluate hair-colouring products, which were classified as skin sensitizers by the use of different two-of-three approaches.. Our findings highlight the toxicological consequences of, and risks associated with, the undisclosed use of PPD in henna-based "natural" "real-life" products.

Topics: B7-2 Antigen; Biological Assay; Cell Line, Tumor; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Dendritic Cells; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Hair Dyes; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Interleukin-18; Interleukin-8; Keratinocytes; Naphthoquinones; Phenylenediamines

Henna is a vegetable hair dye that can be used by individuals who are sensitized to oxidative dyes due to low allergenicity. The reported incidence of slate-grey facial dyspigmentation following the use of henna hair dye is extremely rare. This study aimed to identify the clinical, dermoscopic, and histopathological features of slate-grey facial dyspigmentation following the use of henna hair dye in Korean patients. We identified all patients who presented with slate-grey facial dyspigmentation following usage of henna hair dye. Patients were further evaluated for clinical, dermoscopic, and histopathological findings along with their patch test results. All 11 patients were females with Fitzpatrick's skin phototype III or IV. Prominent slate-grey-coloured dyspigmentation on the lateral side of the face and neck was most common in eight (72%) patients. Under dermoscopic examination, a pseudo-network with grey dots was observed in all patients. Histopathological examination revealed liquefaction degeneration of the epidermal basal layer and pigmentary incontinence in the papillary dermis in all patients. The diagnosis of pigmented contact dermatitis following usage of henna was made based on the clinical, dermoscopic, and histopathological findings in all patients. Pigmented contact dermatitis associated with henna occurs mostly in middle-aged women and requires long-term treatment. Therefore, careful attention should be paid when henna is used to dye hair in this age group.

Topics: Aged; Biopsy, Needle; Cohort Studies; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Dermoscopy; Female; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Korea; Middle Aged; Naphthoquinones; Patch Tests; Pigmentation Disorders; Rare Diseases; Retrospective Studies; Risk Assessment

Topics: Anaphylaxis; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Female; Hair Dyes; Humans; Naphthoquinones; Patch Tests; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds

Henna has a very low allergic potential, and severe allergenic contact dermatitis is mainly caused by p-phenylenediamine (PPD), which is added to temporary black 'henna tattoos', and potentially also by some heavy metals.. To determine the presence of, and quantify, Lawsone, PPD and heavy metal contaminants (cobalt, nickel, lead, and chromium) in commercial temporary black henna tattoo mixtures (n = 25) sold in Turkey.. Lawsone and PPD concentrations were analysed with high-performance liquid chromatography, and heavy metal quantification was performed with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.. PPD was found in all 25 black henna tattoo samples purchased from tattoo shops; levels varied between 3.37% and 51.6%. Lawsone was detected (0.002-88.2%) in 21 of the 25 temporary black henna tattoo samples analysed. Heavy metal contaminant levels were 0.44-3.11 ppm for Co, 1.13-2.20 ppm for Ni, 1.59-17.7 ppm for Pb, and 35.0-76.9 ppm for Cr.. Our results suggest that commercial temporary black henna mixtures containing PPD levels up to 51.6% pose a risk of contact sensitization and severe allergic contact dermatitis among users. It is important to identify both the additives and metallic contaminants of black henna tattoo products; the significance of metal contaminants has still to be assessed.

Topics: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Chromium; Cobalt; Coloring Agents; Cosmetics; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Humans; Lead; Metals, Heavy; Naphthoquinones; Nickel; Phenylenediamines; Tattooing; Turkey

A 64-year-old female presented with facial hyperpigmentation. She had dyed her hair monthly with pure henna powder for the past seven months. After patch tests, the patient was diagnosed as post-inflammatory hyperpigmentastion due to allergic contact dermatitis to pure henna that has rarely been reported. The patient underwent Q-switched Nd:YAG laser treatment and was treated with oral tranexamic acid for 10 weeks. The hyperpigmentation on her forehead demonstrated substantial improvement.

Topics: Antifibrinolytic Agents; Coloring Agents; Combined Modality Therapy; Cosmetic Techniques; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Female; Hair Dyes; Humans; Hyperpigmentation; Lasers, Solid-State; Low-Level Light Therapy; Middle Aged; Naphthoquinones; Tranexamic Acid

Topics: Adolescent; Coloring Agents; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Facial Dermatoses; Female; Hand Dermatoses; Humans; Naphthoquinones; Neck

Temporary henna tattoos have become increasingly widespread among children and young people, especially in holiday spots in recent years. Although reactions to henna tattoo are becoming progressively more common, only few cases of a henna pseudo-tattoo resulting in temporary hypertrichosis have been reported so far. Here, we have reported a 5-year-old girl who developed allergic contact dermatitis and localized hypertrichosis on her right arm after application of temporary henna tattoo during summer holiday.

Topics: Child, Preschool; Coloring Agents; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Female; Humans; Hypertrichosis; Naphthoquinones; Tattooing; Time Factors

Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Coloring Agents; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Diagnosis, Differential; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Male; Naphthoquinones; Tattooing; Torso; Treatment Outcome

Topics: Adult; Coloring Agents; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Edema; Humans; Male; Naphthoquinones; Tattooing

Topics: Child; Coloring Agents; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Drug Eruptions; Erythema Multiforme; Female; Humans; Naphthoquinones; Patch Tests; Phenylenediamines; Tattooing

Allergic contact dermatitis related to para-phenylendiamine (PPD) from temporary black henna tattoos and hair dyes has become an epidemic in recent years. Several cases of adverse skin reactions to PPD have been reported in the literature. Herein, we present a case of angioedema-like allergic contact dermatitis related to hair coloring with henna.

Topics: Adult; Angioedema; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Face; Hair Dyes; Humans; Male; Naphthoquinones; Scalp Dermatoses; Tongue

Topics: Child; Coloring Agents; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Impetigo; Male; Naphthoquinones; Staphylococcus aureus; Tattooing

Topics: Azo Compounds; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Dermatitis, Occupational; Female; Hair Dyes; Humans; Middle Aged; Naphthoquinones; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Syndrome; Urticaria

Para-phenylenediamine (PPD) in black henna tattoo mixes is widely recognised as a cause of type-IV allergic contact dermatitis. Legislation in Western countries prohibits the use of PPD on the skin and limits the use in hairdye. In this report, we present a case of two brothers aged five and eight years with classical sensitization and illustrative contact dermatitis after repeatedly exposure to black henna. The hyper-sensitivity reaction to PPD was confirmed in later patch testing. The case serves as a reminder on the potential consequences of a seemingly harmless skin drawing.

Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Coloring Agents; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Humans; Male; Naphthoquinones; Phenylenediamines; Siblings; Tattooing

Topics: Adolescent; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Coloring Agents; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Drug Therapy, Combination; Forearm; Glucocorticoids; Histamine Antagonists; Humans; Male; Naphthoquinones; Phenylenediamines; Tattooing; Treatment Outcome

Topics: 2-Naphthylamine; Allergens; Coloring Agents; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Dermatitis, Occupational; Humans; Male; Naphthoquinones; Patch Tests; Phenylenediamines; Tattooing; Young Adult

Topics: Child; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Humans; Naphthoquinones; Phenylenediamines; Tattooing

Very few studies are available in which the components of henna products used by tattoo artists have been analysed.. The aim of this study was to quantify the amounts of lawsone (2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone, the active ingredient in henna) and p-phenylenediamine (PPD) in products used by tattoo artists and in commercial henna preparations used as hair dyes or to create temporary tattoos.. We used high-performance liquid chromatography to detect and quantify lawsone and PPD concentrations in three products used by henna tattoo artists, 11 commercially available henna preparations, and a batch of henna leaves (Lawsonia inermis).. The henna leaves contained 1.85-1.87% lawsone. Only one of the three preparations used by tattoo artists contained lawsone (0.21-0.35%), and all three were adulterated with PPD (1-64%). Of the 11 commercial henna preparations analysed, nine contained lawsone (1-2%) and two contained PPD (2% and 12%).. Products purporting to be henna, but that in fact contain no henna, are being offered. Moreover, these products may contain PPD, which is associated with health risks, especially severe allergic reactions.

Topics: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Coloring Agents; Consumer Product Safety; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Hair Dyes; Humans; Lawsonia Plant; Naphthoquinones; Phenylenediamines; Plant Leaves; Spain; Tattooing; Thorax

The increased frequency of case reports of allergic contact dermatitis from non-permanent black henna tattoos in recent years shows the popularity of this form of body painting.. Seven patients presented with allergic contact dermatitis after initial hair or eyelash dyeing. They all had a history of a previous reaction from a black henna tattoo. All were patch tested with the European standard patch test series and the standard supplemental series, as well as special series for dyes and hairdressers.. All seven patients showed a positive reaction in patch testing with para-phenylenediamine (PPD) (0.3 % and/or 1.0 % in pet.). Five patients also had positive reactions to other dyes such as aminophenol, para-toluene diamine, disperse orange and yellow and four patients reacted to benzocaine. These were interpreted as cross-reactions. The time from sensitization by the black henna tattoo to the onset of allergic contact dermatitis after hair dyeing was an average of 6.2 years.. The most common cause of allergic contact dermatitis after black henna tattoos is PPD. Both the long skin contact and the high concentrations of PPD increase the risk of sensitization. Allergic contact dermatitis may be followed by post-inflammatory hyper- or hypopigmentation, scarring and lifelong sensitization, which can have occupational impact, especially for hair dressers and cosmeticians.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Female; Hair Dyes; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Naphthoquinones; Phenylenediamines; Tattooing

Topics: Adult; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Female; Humans; Naphthoquinones

What once was simply a cultural tradition is fast becoming a popular phenomenon amongst Western tourists. Temporary henna tattoo designs performed by street or beach vendors are prevalent throughout the Middle East and Asia, particularly in holiday resorts. The public may be mistaken in thinking that the fashionable trend comes without significant risk. The main ingredient in the temporary tattooing method is henna (Lawsonia inermis), a flowering plant with dyeing properties that takes only several hours to be absorbed but provides an effect lasting around ten to fifteen days on the recipient's skin. The side effects of henna tattoos are well documented in the literature, although it is not clear whether the side effects directly relate to the henna ingredient or the additives used to prolong the designs. The most commonly noted complications include allergic contact dermatitis, infection, hypertrophic and keloid scarring and temporary or permanent hypo- or hyperpigmentation. In very rare cases, type 1 hypersensitivity reactions (angioedema and anaphylaxis) have been reported. The following case report highlights several of these complications and the relevant management.

Topics: Adolescent; Coloring Agents; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Humans; Lawsonia Plant; Male; Naphthoquinones; Phenylenediamines; Severity of Illness Index; Tattooing

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aging; Child; Coloring Agents; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Dermatitis, Occupational; Humans; Middle Aged; Naphthoquinones; Patch Tests; Phenylenediamines; Prevalence; Young Adult

Henna, or Lawsonia inermis, has been used since antiquity by women in the Orient for dyeing the hair, hands, and feet. Contact dermatitis to pure henna is very rare, most often caused by additives such as perfume oils or paraphenylenediamine (PPD). We report the case of a girl who presented contact dermatitis to henna associated with eczema to draw attention to the dangers related to its use.. A 12-year-old girl developed erythematovesicular and edematous lesions with very itchy burning, suggestive of contact dermatitis, 48 hours after application of black henna. Lesions were located at the tattooing site exactly following the original design. The patient also had eczema lesions on the left cheek after contact with the tattooed hand. The lesions were improved by treatment with level II corticosteroids.. Today, henna has become very popular in Western countries. PPD is added to reduce the fixation time or to obtain a darker color. It can cause severe systemic reactions. The most common allergic reaction is contact dermatitis. Treatment is based on topical steroids. Better legislation on temporary tattooing practices and control preparations as well as regular annual information aimed at the general public are essential.. This observation raises awareness of the importance of information on the serious risks of a labile tattoo, most particularly for the young.

Topics: Child; Coloring Agents; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Female; Humans; Naphthoquinones; Tattooing

Temporary tattooing with black henna is known to cause contact dermatitis; however, this adverse effect is not considered to be life threatening. We report a female adolescent who used black henna as a hair dye and developed severe contact dermatitis with scalp, facial, and neck swelling causing hoarseness and stridor. A flexible bronchoscopy showed a normal epiglottis, and the patient was intubated, ventilated, and eventually recovered. We conclude that the use of black henna hair dye in sensitized patients can be life threatening.

Topics: Adolescent; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Edema; Female; Hair Dyes; Hoarseness; Humans; Naphthoquinones; Respiratory Sounds; Scalp Dermatoses

Topics: Coloring Agents; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Female; Humans; Naphthoquinones; Phenylenediamines; Young Adult

An 11-year-old boy got a temporary black henna tattoo while on vacation. After 3 days he developed an itching rash at the site of the tattoo, that spread to the rest of the body. This was most likely an allergic contact dermatitis and erythema exsudativum multiforme minor caused by the often high concentrations of the strong sensitizer para-phenylenediamine (PPD) in the henna.

Topics: Child; Coloring Agents; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Humans; Male; Naphthoquinones; Tattooing

Temporary 'black henna' tattoos, an increasingly popular body decoration in pediatric population, are associated with a growing incidence of adverse events. Black henna does not exist naturally, it is obtained from original henna after the addition of other compounds, among them paraphenilendiamine (PPD), which serves to darken the tattoo and allows greater precision to the design. PPD is known to be a strong sensitizer and increases the risk of allergic contact dermatitis. They may present as long lasting local reactions, and pigmentary sequels apart from problems with the future use of many products present in the daily life, as a result of sensitization by PPD. We report the case of an eleven-year old girl with an allergic contact dermatitis to black henna tattoo with a positive patch test to PPD, in order to warn against these types of temporary tattoos.

Topics: Child; Coloring Agents; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Female; Humans; Naphthoquinones; Tattooing; Time Factors

Temporary henna tattooing has been very popular during recent years. Henna (Lawsonia inermis) is a plant from the Lythraceae family. For henna tattooing, henna dye is used. It is a dark green powder, made from the leaves of the plant, used for hair dyeing and body tattooing. Very often, para-phenylenediamine (PPD) is added to henna dye to make color blacker and to speed up dyeing. PPD may be a very potent contact sensitizer. We report a 9-year-old boy with allergic contact dermatitis due to temporary henna tattooing. Patch testing showed a positive reaction to PPD. After the treatment with topical corticosteroid and oral antihistamines, the lesion cleared with discrete residual hypopigmentation.

Topics: Allergens; Child; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Humans; Male; Naphthoquinones; Patch Tests; Phenylenediamines; Tattooing

We describe a case of a 10 year old boy who developed an contact dermatitis to black henna tattoo. Sixteen days later he was brought to the emergency department because of an presumed superinfection by S. aureus. The infection was successfully treated with dicloxacillin and the allergic reaction with bethametasone ointment and tablets. The use of pure henna is legal but has been proven to be harmful in animal experiments. Para-phenylendiamine (PPD) has been mixed with henna to achieve a darker colour and to decrease the treatment time and is well known to cause allergic reactions.

Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Administration, Oral; Anti-Allergic Agents; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Betamethasone; Child; Coloring Agents; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Dicloxacillin; Humans; Male; Naphthoquinones; Ointments; Phenylenediamines; Staphylococcal Skin Infections; Staphylococcus aureus; Tablets; Tattooing; Treatment Outcome

Topics: Adolescent; Coloring Agents; Cross Reactions; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Female; Hair Dyes; Humans; Naphthoquinones; Tattooing

Topics: Child; Coloring Agents; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Humans; Male; Naphthoquinones; Tattooing

Topics: Adult; Coloring Agents; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Female; Hand Dermatoses; Humans; Naphthoquinones; Phenylenediamines; Tattooing

Topics: Allergens; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Hair Dyes; Humans; Middle Aged; Naphthoquinones; Patch Tests; Scalp Dermatoses

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Canada; Cohort Studies; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Female; Hair Dyes; Humans; Immunization; Incidence; Naphthoquinones; Patch Tests; Phenylenediamines; Risk Assessment; Tattooing

Topics: Child; Coloring Agents; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Female; Humans; Naphthoquinones; Phenylenediamines; Tattooing

In the last years there have been increasing reports of adverse cutaneous reactions to temporary black henna tattoos. Black henna does not exist naturally, it is obtained from original henna after the addition of other compounds, among them paraphenylenediamine (PPD), that darken it and facilitate the process of tattoing. Paraphenylenediamine is an aromatic compound that presents cross reactions with other components that have a benzene ring in their molecular structure. Many of these products may be present in the daily life of any person.. We reviewed patients that have shown erythema, inflammation and/or vesiculation in a previously tattooed area. The patients have undergone a temporary tattoo in street stalls during the summer period (2004-2005). A total of five patients were included, there were four men and one woman with a mean age of 13 years (3-34) and a mean latency period of 9.4 days (5-14). Black ink and plastic stencils were used to perform the tattoo. None of the patients has had previous contact with hair dyes or tattoos and none of them referred a personal history of atopic dermatitis. Patch testing was carried out using the standard set of the Spanish Group for Research in Contact Dermatitis [GEIDC] (TRUE TEST, Pharmacia. Hillerod. Denmark), with readings at 48 and 96 hours.. Sensitization to PPD is confirmed in three patients, one of them was also sensitized to formaldehyde. Hypopigmented scars persist in three patients.. Black henna pseudotattoos are a source of sensitization to PPD with potential severe consequences in a medium to long term. Currently there is no specific legislation with respect to the practice of this type of tattoos in our country.

Topics: Adult; Benzoquinones; Biotransformation; Child; Child, Preschool; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Female; Humans; Hypopigmentation; Ink; Male; Naphthoquinones; Patch Tests; Phenylenediamines; Prodrugs; Tattooing

Temporary henna tattoos have become increasingly popular as a safe alternative to permanent tattoos among American and European children and teenagers during the summer holidays. Currently, temporary henna tattoos contain not only henna, but also other additives such as para-phemylenediamine (PPD), which is considered to be the chemical agent that most frequently causes skin reactions associated with the use of commercial black henna. In this report, we describe an 11-year-old boy who applied a temporary black henna tattoo on his right arm during the summer holidays in Greece and developed a severe contact dermatitis at the tattoo site with residual hypopigmentation. He had no previous history of contact dermatitis, however he did suffer from seasonal allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis. Patch testing revealed a strong reaction to PPD, a substance commonly contained in temporary henna tattoo preparations.. Henna tattoos are an increasing problem worldwide since they carry an increased risk of severe skin reactions; therefore we suggest that the use of temporary henna tattoos in children be discouraged.

Topics: Child; Coloring Agents; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Dermatitis, Atopic; Humans; Male; Naphthoquinones; Tattooing

Topics: Child; Coloring Agents; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Humans; Male; Naphthoquinones; Tattooing

Topics: Adult; Coloring Agents; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Humans; Latex Hypersensitivity; Male; Naphthoquinones; Phenylenediamines; Tattooing

Topics: Child; Coloring Agents; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Humans; Male; Naphthoquinones; Patch Tests; Tattooing

Topics: Adult; Blister; Coloring Agents; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Humans; Male; Naphthoquinones; Phenylenediamines; Tattooing

Topics: Acute Disease; Allergens; Child; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Humans; Male; Naphthoquinones; Phenylenediamines; Tattooing

Topics: Adolescent; Allergens; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Diagnosis, Differential; Facial Dermatoses; Female; Hair Dyes; Humans; Male; Naphthoquinones; Patch Tests; Phenylenediamines; Severity of Illness Index; Tattooing

Topics: Coloring Agents; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Humans; Male; Naphthoquinones; Tattooing

Topics: Allergens; Arm; Child, Preschool; Coloring Agents; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Hypopigmentation; Naphthoquinones; Patch Tests

Contact dermatitis following the application of temporary paint-on henna tattoos indicates a potentially serious problem of active sensitization. We describe 2 cases involving sisters who travelled to Bali together and acquired a temporary black henna tattoo to the lower back region. Both sisters subsequently developed a contact dermatitis at the tattoo site, the dermatitis disseminating in one sister. There was persistent hyperpigmentation at the tattoo site in both sisters several months after the application. Patch testing revealed a positive reaction to para-phenylenediamine (PPD) in both sisters. One sister also showed reactions to other hair dyes and to multiple organic dyes. Allergic contact dermatitis to PPD contained in temporary henna tattoos is an increasing problem worldwide, with cross-reaction to related compounds and permanent skin changes, a frequent consequence of sensitization to this significant allergen.

Topics: Adolescent; Clothing; Coloring Agents; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Female; Hair Preparations; Humans; Naphthoquinones; Patch Tests; Phenylenediamines; Tattooing; Time Factors

Topics: Administration, Topical; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Child; Coloring Agents; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Hypersensitivity, Delayed; Male; Naphthoquinones; Patch Tests; Risk Assessment; Tattooing

Topics: Child; Coloring Agents; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Male; Naphthoquinones; Ointments; Tattooing; Time Factors

Topics: Coloring Agents; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Humans; Naphthoquinones; Patch Tests; Phenylenediamines; Tattooing

Topics: Adolescent; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Hair Dyes; Humans; Male; Naphthoquinones; Tattooing

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Coloring Agents; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Naphthoquinones; Patch Tests; Phenylenediamines; Risk Factors; Tattooing; Time Factors

Topics: Back; Child; Coloring Agents; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Female; Humans; Naphthoquinones; Phenylenediamines; Tattooing; Thiram

Topics: Aged; Benzocaine; Coloring Agents; Cross Reactions; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Drug Hypersensitivity; Humans; Male; Naphthoquinones; Phenylenediamines; Sulfonamides; Tattooing

While allergic reactions to henna painting are extremely rare, we have witnessed an increasing number of reports of cutaneous reactions after henna tattooing, also called temporary tattooing. The reason for this lies in the contemporary composition of the paint, which contains paraphenylenediamine (PPD). We present six patients who developed allergic contact dermatitis after skin painting with "black henna", and who showed hypersensitivity to PPD. We discuss the issue of the short sensitization period of our patients and the reported ones.

Topics: Adolescent; Child; Coloring Agents; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Female; Humans; Male; Naphthoquinones; Phenylenediamines; Skin Tests; Tattooing

Topics: Allergens; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Diagnosis, Differential; Eczema; Female; Hair Dyes; Humans; Middle Aged; Naphthoquinones; Patch Tests; Scalp Dermatoses

Topics: Allergens; Child; Coloring Agents; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Humans; Male; Naphthoquinones; Phenylenediamines; Tattooing

Topics: Adolescent; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Hair Dyes; Humans; Male; Naphthoquinones

The use of temporary natural henna painting for body adornment and hair dyeing is very common in several countries of the Indian subcontinent, Middle East, and North Africa, and the fad is spreading in other parts of the world. Several cases of para-phenylenediamine (PPD) contaminated, temporary traditional/natural henna induced sensitization and acute allergic reaction have been reported, along with occasional serious long term and rare fatal consequences. We report here a 17-year-old girl with blisters over her hands of five-days duration that appeared within 72 hours of applying a temporary henna paint to her hands during a social occasion. Similar lesions were noted on her face. She had previously applied black henna only once, a year earlier without developing any lesions. Clinical diagnosis of acute allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) was made. After a short course of oral corticosteroids, topical mometasone furaote 1.0% cream, and oral antihistamines, the lesions healed completely over the next four weeks leaving post-inflammatory hypopigmentation. Patch testing done with standard European battery, PPD 1% in petrolatum, and commercially available natural henna powder revealed a 3+ reaction to PPD at 48 hours. No reaction was seen at the natural henna site. Awareness of the condition among physicians and the public and regulation regarding warnings of the risks of using such products is urgently warranted.

Topics: Adolescent; Allergens; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Diagnosis, Differential; Facial Dermatoses; Female; Hand Dermatoses; Humans; Naphthoquinones; Patch Tests; Phenylenediamines

Skin tattooing with henna seems a safe alternative to permanent skin tattooing. Contact dermatitis due to henna is rare. Most of the reactions are due to additives, especially paraphenylenediamine, which is added to speed up the process of skin dyeing and to give a darker brown to black colour ('black' henna) instead of the otherwise reddish brown henna colour. Paraphenylenediamine is a well-known strong sensitizer, particularly due to its use as a hair dye. Three patients, two boys aged 8 and 10 years and a 30-year-old woman, developed allergic contact dermatitis after skin painting, after which hypopigmentation remained. Patch tests with paraphenylenediamine were strongly positive in all three patients. This positive reaction means that they will never be able to dye their hair and that they have an increased risk of cross-reactions with other dyes, but also with local anaesthetics, sulfonamides, para-aminoazobenzoic acid or para-aminosalicylic acid.

Topics: Adult; Child; Coloring Agents; Cross Reactions; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Female; Humans; Hypopigmentation; Male; Naphthoquinones; Patch Tests; Phenylenediamines; Tattooing

Topics: Adult; Coloring Agents; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Hypersensitivity, Delayed; Hypopigmentation; Immunization; Leg Dermatoses; Naphthoquinones; Patch Tests; Perfume; Tattooing

Recently, temporary paint-on tattoos have become increasingly popular as a safe alternative to permanent tattoos in Asia and other regions. The most common dye for such temporary tattoos is henna, a vegetable dye. Henna is considered to possess low allergenicity because the incidence of allergic contact dermatitis to henna has rarely been reported. However, recently, allergic reactions to henna used in temporary tattoos have been reported frequently.. Ten patients developed inflamed skin eruptions after receiving temporary paint-on tattoos in either Thailand or Indonesia. The 6 patients who were patch tested all exhibited moderate to strong positive reactions to p-phenylenediamine (1% in petrolatum). Four of the 6 patients were then tested with commercial black henna obtained from Thailand, and all 4 had strong positive reactions. A skin biopsy specimen showed lichenoid dermatitis. Mass spectrometry analysis of commercial black henna for molecular weight revealed a major peak at the mass-charge ratio of 108.1, which corresponds to the molecular weight of p-phenylenediamine.. The most likely causative agent for the lichenoid reaction associated with use of commercial black henna for temporary tattooing, currently popular in Southeast Asia, is p-phenylenediamine. With the increased popularity of temporary paint-on tattoos, clinicians should be aware of the possible associated complications.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Distribution; Biopsy, Needle; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Female; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Incidence; Male; Mass Spectrometry; Naphthoquinones; Patch Tests; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Sampling Studies; Sex Distribution; Taiwan; Tattooing

Topics: Child; Coloring Agents; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Female; Humans; Hypersensitivity, Delayed; Naphthoquinones; Tattooing

Temporary black henna tattoos are very popular as body adornment. Although contact allergy to natural henna is unusual, the inclusion of hair dye, p-phenylenediamine (PPD), increases the risk of contact sensitization.. This study was performed to identify the presence and concentration of PPD in a black henna tattoo mixture to which our patient developed contact allergy.. The presence of PPD in a black henna tattoo mixture, various samples of commercially available henna powders, and several hair dye products was qualitatively and quantitatively detected using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).. This study demonstrated that PPD was present in the black henna tattoo mixture at a concentration of 15.7%, which is significantly higher than commercial hair dye preparations.. The presence of PPD in black henna tattoo mixtures in high concentration poses a health hazard and a risk of allergic contact sensitization with potential long-term consequences.

Topics: Adult; Arm; Back; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Coloring Agents; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Naphthoquinones; Patch Tests; Phenylenediamines; Tattooing

Topics: Aged; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Female; Humans; Hyperpigmentation; Naphthoquinones; Nuts; Patch Tests; Pigments, Biological; Plant Extracts

Compositae mix and sesquiterpene-lactone (SL) mix are important patch test substances to show allergic contact dermatitis from various Compositae plants.. The aims of this study are to calculate the sensitization rates to Compositae mix and SL mix in an occupational dermatology clinic and to describe cases of active sensitization caused by patch testing with Compositae mix and SL mix.. Conventional patch testing was performed. SL mix (0.1%) and Compositae mix (6% in petrolatum) were tested in a modified European standard series and a plant allergen series. Testing with other appropriate patch test series was also performed.. SL mix provoked 8 allergic patch test reactions (0.7%) in 1,076 patients, whereas Compositae mix was positive in 15 of 346 patients (4.2%). Three patients were actively sensitized to Compositae mix and 1 patient to SL mix. One patient was also sensitized to other plant allergens in a series of allergenic plant chemicals, namely to Mansonone A, an ortho-quinone; (R)-3,4-dimethoxydalbergione, a quinone; and Chlorophorin, a hydroxy stilbene. Allergic patch test reactions to laurel leaf were caused by cross-sensitization to SLs.. Compositae mix seems to be a more important patch test substance than SL mix to detect allergic contact dermatitis to Compositae plants, but patch testing may sensitize. The concentration of the individual components of the Compositae mix should be adjusted so that the mix detects allergic patients but does not sensitize.

Topics: Adult; Allergens; Asteraceae; Benzoquinones; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Female; Humans; Lactones; Male; Naphthoquinones; Patch Tests; Plant Extracts; Predictive Value of Tests; Resorcinols; Sesquiterpenes; Sesquiterpenes, Eudesmane; Stilbenes

Topics: Adult; Coloring Agents; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Female; Hair Dyes; Humans; Naphthoquinones

Topics: Allergens; Arm; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Naphthoquinones; Patch Tests; Tattooing

Topics: Adult; Coloring Agents; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Female; Humans; Naphthoquinones; Tattooing

Topics: Adolescent; Child; Coloring Agents; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Erythema Multiforme; Female; Humans; Male; Naphthoquinones; Patch Tests; Phenylenediamines; Vitiligo

Topics: Child; Coloring Agents; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Female; Humans; Male; Naphthoquinones; Patch Tests; Phenylenediamines; Tattooing

Topics: Adult; Coloring Agents; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Female; Humans; Naphthoquinones; Tattooing

Topics: Adult; Coloring Agents; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Lichenoid Eruptions; Male; Naphthoquinones; Neck; Tattooing

Topics: Administration, Topical; Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Coloring Agents; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Female; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Middle Aged; Naphthoquinones; Patch Tests; Phenylenediamines; Tattooing

Topics: Administration, Topical; Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Coloring Agents; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Male; Naphthoquinones; Patch Tests; Phenylenediamines; Pruritus; Tattooing

Skin painting (pseudotattooing) with henna is traditionally performed mainly in Muslim or Hindu persons. Recently, transient artists have begun using black henna mixtures to temporarily paint the skin. Emergence of allergic contact dermatitis after application indicates the presence of a skin sensitizer in such preparations and poses future risks.. Four patients developed allergic contact dermatitis after skin painting with black henna performed in France, Egypt, and the United States. The delay of symptoms suggested previous sensitization in 1 patient and active sensitization in 3 patients. Of 3 patients who underwent patch testing, the results were positive for p-phenylenediamine in 3 patients and for p-toluylenediamine in 1 patient. These sensitizers are found in hair dye preparations.. The mixtures used by the artists possibly contained natural henna, a rare and weak skin sensitizer, and likely contained chemical coloring agents, diaminobenzenes, such as p-phenylenediamine and/or diaminotoluenes. The long duration of skin contact, the high concentrations of sensitizing materials, and the lack of a neutralizing agent dramatically increase the risk of skin sensitization, which is why such substances are prohibited for direct skin application. Because of the worldwide vogue of skin painting, future cases of sensitization to p-phenylenediamine and diaminobenzenes or diaminotoluenes are expected.

Topics: Adult; Allergens; Child; Coloring Agents; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Male; Naphthoquinones; Patch Tests; Phenylenediamines; Tattooing

Vegetable dyes can be recommended to patients sensitized to oxidative dyes due to their low allergenic power. The most important of these is henna which is used as a reddishbrown hair dye in some parts of the world. Different pathologies have been described caused by henna but the incidence of contact dermatitis appears to be extremely rare. In the present paper, we describe the case of a 30-year-old woman who developed allergic contact dermatitis following application of henna, but who did not work with the dye professionally.

Topics: Adult; Coloring Agents; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Female; Humans; Naphthoquinones; Skin; Skin Tests

Topics: Aged; Azo Compounds; Cosmetics; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Humans; Male; Naphthols; Naphthoquinones; Sunscreening Agents