naphthoquinones and Dental-Caries

Plant-derived compounds are a good source of therapeutic agents and inhibitors of inflammatory process. Dental caries, periodontal diseases and candidiasis are common oral infections caused by virulent biofilms. The objectives of this study were to develop oral spray containing plant-derived compounds; α-mangostin (α-MG) and/or lawsone methyl ether (2-methoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone) (LME) and determine its antimicrobial, anti-biofilm, and anti-inflammatory activities.. Oral spray formulations were prepared containing α-MG (5 mg/ml) and/or LME (250 μg/ml). Antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans, Streptococcus mutans, and Porphyromonas gingivalis and anti-biofilm formation activities were determined as well as cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory effects.. The oral spray demonstrated antimicrobial activity against all three of the oral pathogens tested with stronger effects on C. albicans and S. mutans than P. gingivalis. The formulation containing α-MG (2.5 mg/ml) and LME (125 ug/ml) reduced growth of the microorganisms about 1-2 Log CFU/ml at 1-3 h and the killing effects were complete at 24 h. Based on biofilm assay, the oral spray containing both α-MG and LME showed greater inhibitory effects than those with α-MG or LME. In addition, the oral spray containing both α-MG and LME demonstrated more inhibition of nitric oxide production than α-MG alone. All the formulations were safe and demonstrated greater anti-inflammatory activity at lower concentration (<6.25 μg/ml) than at a higher concentration.. Oral spray containing α-MG and/or LME is effective against common oral pathogens without significant cytotoxicity. Thus, it has the potential to prevent the infections and may serve as adjunctive treatment to conventional therapy.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Infective Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Biofilms; Candida albicans; Candidiasis; Cell Survival; Colony Count, Microbial; Dental Caries; Mice; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Naphthoquinones; Nitric Oxide; Oral Sprays; Periodontal Diseases; Phytochemicals; Plant Exudates; Porphyromonas gingivalis; RAW 264.7 Cells; Streptococcus mutans; Thailand; Xanthones

Previous studies have shown that the caries detector dyes, basic fuchsin and acid red, lack specificity. Accordingly, their clinical use can lead to the unnecessary removal of sound tissue. In the present study, the specificity of three further dyes, Carbolan Green, Coomassie Blue and Lissamine Blue was studied. Carious dentine was removed in vitro by means of rotary instruments until the cavities were deemed caries free by conventional clinical criteria. Experimental dyes were applied to the cavity floors, all of which became stained. Stained dentine was removed from half the cavity by means of a burr, the other half remaining as a control. Further stain was then applied and the procedure repeated until no further reduction of the staining of the cavity floor could be achieved. Light microscopy of ground sections of experimental teeth showed that sound tissue had been removed unnecessarily from the experimental half of the cavity due to the lack of specificity of these dyes. This lack of specificity of staining was similar to basic fuchsin and acid red. Only Carbolan Green showed possible differential staining between control and experimental sites, but this was not caries specific. If a clinically useful dye is to be developed, it would need to specifically stain either bacteria in infected dentine and/or the carious degradation products of dentine matrix.

Topics: Aniline Compounds; Anthraquinones; Coloring Agents; Dental Caries; Dental Caries Activity Tests; Dental Cavity Preparation; Humans; Indicators and Reagents; Naphthalenesulfonates; Naphthoquinones; Rosaniline Dyes

Topics: Antifibrinolytic Agents; Dental Care; Dental Caries; Hemostatics; Humans; Naphthoquinones; Vitamin K

Topics: Antifibrinolytic Agents; Dental Caries; Heparin Antagonists; Naphthoquinones; Quinones; Retinoids; Tooth; Vitamin K

Topics: Antifibrinolytic Agents; Dental Caries; Humans; Naphthoquinones; Retinoids; Tooth; Vitamin K; Vitamins

Topics: Dental Caries; Humans; Incidence; Naphthoquinones; Tooth; Vitamin K 3