naphthoquinones and Chorioretinitis

naphthoquinones has been researched along with Chorioretinitis* in 5 studies

Trials

1 trial(s) available for naphthoquinones and Chorioretinitis

ArticleYear
Atovaquone for the treatment of toxoplasma retinochoroiditis in immunocompetent patients.
    Ophthalmology, 1999, Volume: 106, Issue:1

    To report the results of a phase I trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of atovaquone for the treatment of ocular toxoplasmosis in immunocompetent patients.. Open label, nonrandomized, prospective, clinical trial.. Seventeen immunocompetent patients between the ages of 18 and 75 years with clinical and serologic evidence of ocular toxoplasmosis participated.. Treatment of ocular toxoplasmosis with atovaquone tablets (750 mg four times a day) for 3 months. Prednisone (40 mg) tablets were added on day 3 of treatment and tapered as inflammation resolved.. Clinical response and patient tolerance to atovaquone therapy for ocular toxoplasmosis.. Average follow-up was 10 months. Most patients experienced no adverse treatment effects. When present, side effects were usually mild and included rash, pruritus, headache, and nausea. With the exception of one patient, who discontinued treatment at 6 weeks secondary to persistent epigastric discomfort, all patients completed the 12 weeks of therapy. All patients had a favorable response to treatment that began within 1 to 3 weeks. Visual acuity was stabilized or improved in all patients. Median initial visual acuity was 20/200 and median final visual acuity was 20/25. In general, atovaquone was well tolerated.. Atovaquone is better tolerated than conventional antitoxoplasmosis therapy and appears to be at least as effective. Atovaquone is a promising alternative for the treatment of ocular toxoplasmosis in immunocompetent patients.

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Antiprotozoal Agents; Atovaquone; Chorioretinitis; Drug Evaluation; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Fundus Oculi; Humans; Immunocompetence; Middle Aged; Naphthoquinones; Prospective Studies; Safety; Toxoplasmosis, Ocular; Treatment Outcome; Visual Acuity

1999

Other Studies

4 other study(ies) available for naphthoquinones and Chorioretinitis

ArticleYear
Reactivation of toxoplasma retinochoroiditis under atovaquone therapy in an immunocompetent patient.
    Ocular immunology and inflammation, 2006, Volume: 14, Issue:3

    To report a case of toxoplasma retinochoroiditis reactivation in an immunocompetent patient under atovaquone therapy.. Case report.. A healthy woman with a history of bilateral toxoplasma retinochoroiditis since childhood presented with a reactivation of toxoplasma retinochoroiditis. Because earlier treatment regimens had either produced intolerable side effects and/or were deemed ineffective for the prevention of reactivation, the patient was started on atovaquone suspension (750 mg three times a day). After initial regression of the lesion and still under atovaquone therapy, the patient presented again five weeks later with worsened best-corrected visual acuity. Examination showed that the lesion had expanded again and more cells were present in the vitreous.. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a reactivation of toxoplasma retinochoroiditis in an immunocompetent patient under atovaquone therapy, possibly indicating tachyzoite resistance to atovaquone.

    Topics: Adult; Animals; Antibodies, Protozoan; Antiprotozoal Agents; Atovaquone; Chorioretinitis; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Female; Humans; Immunocompetence; Naphthoquinones; Oxidoreductases; Recurrence; Toxoplasma; Toxoplasmosis, Ocular; Visual Acuity

2006
Effects of drug therapy on Toxoplasma cysts in an animal model of acute and chronic disease.
    Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 1998, Volume: 39, Issue:7

    To evaluate the effects of drug therapy on the clinical course of acute acquired Toxoplasma retinochoroiditis and on the number of Toxoplasma cysts present in the brain and ocular tissues in the hamster animal model.. The Syrian golden hamster animal model of Toxoplasma retinochoroiditis was used. In acute disease, systemically administered atovaquone was compared with conventional therapies (pyrimethamine combined with sulfadiazine; clindamycin; and spiramycin). The clinical course of the ocular disease was determined with retinal examination and photography of the fundus. The number of Toxoplasma cysts remaining after treatment was evaluated in aliquots of brain homogenate and in retinal tissue. The effect of atovaquone on cerebral Toxoplasma cyst count was also studied in chronic disease.. None of the drugs administered altered the course of the acute disease, judged by clinical examination. Atovaquone alone significantly reduced the number of cerebral Toxoplasma cysts after acute disease. Atovaquone also significantly reduced the cerebral Toxoplasma cyst count in chronic disease.. Tissue cysts are believed to be responsible for reactivation of Toxoplasma retinochoroiditis. Atovaquone has the potential to reduce the risk of recurrent disease.

    Topics: Acute Disease; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antiprotozoal Agents; Atovaquone; Brain; Chorioretinitis; Chronic Disease; Cricetinae; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Mesocricetus; Naphthoquinones; Retina; Toxoplasma; Toxoplasmosis, Cerebral; Toxoplasmosis, Ocular

1998
[Treatment of toxoplasmosis retinochoroiditis with atovaquone in an immunocompetent patient].
    Klinische Monatsblatter fur Augenheilkunde, 1996, Volume: 209, Issue:4

    In Central Europe ocular toxoplasmosis is the leading cause of posterior uveitis. It is a major cause of severe visual loss and blindness in young people. Drugs for treatment of active lesions (tachyzoites) have been available for decades but are seen controversial especially because of sometimes serious side effects. These drugs don't seem to shorten the active inflammation nor the recurrence rate, in particular because of the poor effect on the cystic form (bradyzoites). Atovaquone (hydroxynaphthoquinone) is well tolerated systemically and is effective against tachyzoites and bradyzoites of Toxoplasma gondii so that we hope to reduce the recurrence rate. PATIENT HISTORY AND CLINICAL FINDINGS: Two immunocompetent patients with the first and respective second symptomatic recurrence of unilateral active toxoplasmic retinochorioiditis located within the major temporal vascular arcades were treated with Atovaquone and Fluorocortolone because of an impending loss of central visual function.. Under the treatment with Atovaquone (3 x 750 mg/day) for three weeks and tapering of the Fluorocortolone the active lesions healed quickly. After a few weeks, atrophic and remarkably little pigmented scars remained. No side effects were observed. After a period of 7 and respective 11 months no recurrence occurred.. Atovaquone is an effective and well tolerated drug for the treatment of active ocular toxoplasmosis in immunocompetent patients. Its efficacy against tachyzoites and cysts of Toxoplasma gondii relative to other drugs remains to be determined by further clinical trials.

    Topics: Adult; Animals; Antiprotozoal Agents; Atovaquone; Chorioretinitis; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Naphthoquinones; Recurrence; Toxoplasma; Toxoplasmosis, Ocular

1996
[Treatment of toxoplasmosis retinochoroiditis with atovaquone in an AIDS patient].
    Klinische Monatsblatter fur Augenheilkunde, 1995, Volume: 206, Issue:3

    Treatment of ocular toxoplasmosis in HIV-infected patients with standard drug regimens (Pyrimethamine, Clindamycine, Sulfonamides) is very often complicated by side-effects and adverse reactions. On the other hand, maintenance therapy must be continued life long, because of the high recurrence rates. Atovaquone (Hydroxynaphthoquinon) is tolerated excellently and is very effective against tachyzoits of toxoplasma gondii and its cysts. PATIENT HISTORY AND CLINICAL FINDINGS: A 49-year-old homosexual man with AIDS developed an allergic rash after being treated with a course of Pyrimethamine and Clindamycine for unilateral, bifocal ocular toxoplasmosis for 13 days. Therapy with Atovaquone 3 x 750 mg/d was instituted and within 8 days the infiltrates healed leaving retinochorioidal scars.. During maintenance therapy with Atovaquone (3 x 750 mg/d) two relapses occurred, the first after 2 months and the second after 8 months. The recurrences were successfully treated by increasing the dosage of Atovaquone to 4 x 750 mg/d and the addition of Trimethoprime/Sulfamethoxazol and Clindamycine/Pyrimethamine respectively. Reexposition was tolerated without an allergic reaction. Under maintenance therapy with Pyrimethamine the patient was free of recurrences for another 4 months until he died.. Atovaquone is an effective and well tolerated substance for the treatment of ocular toxoplasmosis. In contrast to earlier reports, two recurrences occurred under maintenance therapy. It cannot be excluded that the patient was incomplient and did not take the tablets according to our prescription. Future clinical investigations have to control the efficacy of Atovaquone in the therapy of ocular toxoplasmosis.

    Topics: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Antiprotozoal Agents; Atovaquone; Chorioretinitis; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Administration Schedule; Fluorescein Angiography; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Naphthoquinones; Toxoplasmosis, Ocular

1995