naloxone and Spasm

Topics: Abdominal Pain; Acetaminophen; Administration, Oral; Adult; Cataract Extraction; Cholecystectomy; Codeine; Contraindications; Drug Combinations; Female; Glaucoma; Humans; Meperidine; Middle Aged; Naloxone; Premedication; Spasm; Sphincter of Oddi; Time Factors

Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Cholecystectomy; Humans; Morphine; Naloxone; Narcotic Antagonists; Postoperative Period; Spasm; Sphincter of Oddi

Spasm of the sphincter of Oddi is a well-recognized effect of the narcotic class of drugs. Although it is usually clinically silent, such spasm occasionally causes debilitating pain that may be mistaken for more serious disorders. We present the case of a patient who had undergone cholecystectomy previously, but in whom morphine given in the Emergency Department precipitated pain consistent with biliary colic; the pain resolved promptly after administration of naloxone. This entity may considered in the differential diagnosis of acute onset of colicky abdominal pain in the patient given narcotics.

Topics: Adult; Analgesics, Opioid; Biliary Tract Diseases; Cholecystectomy; Colic; Emergency Service, Hospital; Female; Humans; Morphine; Naloxone; Narcotic Antagonists; Pain; Postoperative Period; Spasm; Sphincter of Oddi

A case report of biliary colic induced by narcotic premedication and reversed by naloxone administration is described and the literature reviewed.

Topics: Adult; Ampulla of Vater; Female; Humans; Naloxone; Opium; Preanesthetic Medication; Spasm; Sphincter of Oddi

Topics: Adult; Biliary Tract Diseases; Butorphanol; Female; Humans; Morphinans; Naloxone; Spasm

When the dorsal hand vein (DHV) is locally injected with somatostatin (SS) it spasms visibly. These spasms can be measured using the computerized venospasm technique. Acute, complete long-lasting tolerance (tachyphylaxis) develops following 2-4 injections of somatostatin. A revival of sensitivity to SS is induced in the fatigued vein by the local injection of naloxone. This suggests that endogenous opioids could participate partially or totally in SS tachyphylaxis. The analgesic effect displayed by somatostatin on the dramatic pain of the cluster attack is quantitatively similar to that of ergotamine; the therapeutic mechanism of both drugs has until now remained undefined.

Topics: Adult; Cluster Headache; Female; Hand; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Naloxone; Somatostatin; Spasm; Tachyphylaxis; Vasoconstrictor Agents; Veins; Venous Pressure

A basilar migraine with alexia without agraphia and episodes of dysmnesia was treated with naloxone. The triggering of an attack by angiography, allowed to see an arterial spasm. The beneficial effect of naloxone is discussed, together with the respective roles of spasm and neuronal metabolic changes in the mechanisms of symptoms and signs.

Topics: Adult; Agraphia; Basilar Artery; Dyslexia, Acquired; Hemianopsia; Humans; Male; Migraine Disorders; Naloxone; Neurons; Radiography; Spasm; Vertebral Artery

We believe it is advisable to avoid narcotics, if possible, in patients with known or suspected gallbladder disease. Occasionally, however, this will not be possible, and narcotic induced spasm of the sphincter of Oddi may require treatment. Except for the stated contraindications of glucagon administration, it seems to be based upon this study and other available data that glucagon is just as effective as naloxone in reversing spasm of the sphincter of Oddi and may be associated with fewer undesirable effects, such as reversal of analgesia and adverse hemodynamic changes. Anticholingergic drugs in man have proved to be of minimal or no benefit in this regard.

Topics: Ampulla of Vater; Atropine; Fentanyl; Glucagon; Humans; Manometry; Naloxone; Parasympatholytics; Sodium Chloride; Spasm; Sphincter of Oddi

Topics: Adult; Ampulla of Vater; Cholangiography; Female; Fentanyl; Humans; Morphine; Naloxone; Spasm; Sphincter of Oddi

Jumping behavior in mice was precipitated by naloxone after single doses of morphine. The time-effect curves showed that this jumping behavior was delayed compared to the ability of morphine to inhibit writhing and to increase locomotor activity. This dissociation suggests that the jumping response is a true measure of physical dependence rather than the result of a stimulant effect of morphine in the presence of naloxone. The minimum dose of morphine needed to initiate measurable physical dependence fell within the analgesic range. With a constant dose of morphine, the frequency of jumping was directly related to the dose of naloxone employed. The ability to follow the initiation of physical dependence might be useful in conjunction with receptor and neurohumoral studies to uncover the basic mechanisms involved.

Topics: Animals; Humans; Male; Mice; Morphine; Morphine Dependence; Motor Activity; Naloxone; Spasm; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Time Factors

Topics: Acetates; Administration, Oral; Analgesia; Animals; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Injections, Subcutaneous; Isomerism; Lethal Dose 50; Male; Methadone; Mice; Motor Activity; Naloxone; Optical Rotation; Rats; Reaction Time; Reflex; Spasm; Tail