naloxone and Infant--Newborn--Diseases

Eighteen women in labor received analgesia with moderately large total doses of meperidien. Various doses of naloxone (8, 12, 18, 27, 40, or 60mug/kg of body weight) were given intravenously to the mothers before delivery in an attempt to find the dose that would prevent neonatal narcotic depression. Maternal and neonatal blood gas values, Apgar scores, and postnatal neurobehavioral examinations were used to assess the effects. Infants born of mothers who had received neither meperidine, promethazine, nor naloxone served as controls. After the naloxone injection, the mothers showed an improvement in consciousness and blood gas values. When the study infants, as a group, were compared with control infants, there was very little difference in blood gas values or neurobehavioral examination. Infants in the groups receiving naloxone in doses of 18, 27, and 40mug/kg compared most favorably with the control infants, indicating that naloxone may be effective in preventing neonatal narcotic depression.

Topics: Adult; Apgar Score; Blood Gas Analysis; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Evaluation; Female; Fetal Blood; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Labor, Obstetric; Male; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Meperidine; Naloxone; Neurologic Examination; Pregnancy; Respiratory Insufficiency

Naloxone 40 mug was administered intravenously one minute after birth to 20 out of 44 neonates whose mother had been given pethidine in labour. These neonates were compared with 20 others whose mothers had had only lumbar epidural block. Alveolar PCO2, alveolar ventilation, and ventilatory rate were measured 10 and 30 minutes after birth. The untreated neonates of mothers who had had pethidine showed significant ventilatory depression compared with infants in the epidural and naloxone-treated groups. The naloxone-treated neonates were comparable with the epidural group, although the effects of naloxone were diminishing at 30 minutes. Naloxone is an effective narcotic antagonist which should be considered to be the drug of choice for treating narcotic depression in the neonate.

Topics: Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Apgar Score; Carbon Dioxide; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Meperidine; Naloxone; Pregnancy; Pulmonary Alveoli; Respiratory Insufficiency; Time Factors

Topics: Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Meperidine; Motor Activity; Naloxone; Respiratory Insufficiency

Topics: Apnea; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Levallorphan; Meperidine; Naloxone; Pregnancy

Topics: Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Meperidine; Naloxone; Pregnancy; Respiratory Insufficiency

Topics: Depression; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Meperidine; Naloxone; Pregnancy

Topics: Buprenorphine; Cyclazocine; Dextropropoxyphene; Diphenoxylate; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Male; Methadone; Naloxone; Narcotic Antagonists; Narcotics; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Prognosis; Substance-Related Disorders

Topics: Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Injections, Intramuscular; Meperidine; Naloxone

Narcotic analgesics and related drugs act as agonists on several receptors that are responsible for their effects on pain perception, mood and feeling state, and respiration, as well as other pharmacologic actions. Naloxone is the first discovered antagonist that is devoid of agonistic activity and appears to be a competitive antagonist at several receptors. The ability of naloxone to displace or prevent the binding of agonistic narcotics is partly responsible for its antagonistic effects. The ability of naloxone to rectify narcotic-depressed homeostats and precipitate abstinence is also related to its antagonistic activity. Certain cautions and principles apply in the use of naloxone in treating narcotic overdose, reversing surgical analgesia, and the treatment of neonates and children. Unapproved uses of naloxine include reversing the psychotomimetic effects of certain agonists-antagonists, terminating narcotic-induced convulsions and coma, reversing non-narcotic depression, diagnosing physical dependence, and treating narcotic addicts.

Topics: Adult; Analgesics; Animals; Child; Coma; Female; Guinea Pigs; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Mice; Naloxone; Narcotic Antagonists; Narcotics; Pregnancy; Receptors, Opioid; Respiratory Distress Syndrome; Seizures; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Substance-Related Disorders

Immediate attention must be given to the respiratory system of the heroin abuser; then he should be given naloxone HCl. Search for evidence of use of additional drugs, which may compound problems. Pulmonary edema, aspiration pneumonia and pulmonary embolization are the most common complications. Infections, particularly endocarditis, and cardiac arrhythmia also occur with heroin overdose. Hepatitis is common. Treatment must include not only attention to the presenting symptoms but also referral to a rehabilitation center when possible.

Topics: Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Emergency Service, Hospital; Endocarditis; Female; Genital Diseases, Female; Heroin; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Infections; Male; Methadone; Naloxone; Pulmonary Edema; Respiratory Insufficiency

Topics: Analgesia; Analgesics; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Asphyxia Neonatorum; Female; Fetus; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Meperidine; Morphine; Nalorphine; Naloxone; Narcotic Antagonists; Narcotics; Oxymorphone; Pregnancy; Substance-Related Disorders