n-monoacetylcystine and Acute-Kidney-Injury

Radiocontrast nephropathy (RCN) is a common cause of hospital-acquired acute renal failure. Results of several studies using N-acetylcysteine (NAC) for the prevention of RCN have yielded conflicting results. We performed a meta-analysis of group data extracted from previously published studies to assess the effect of NAC on the prevention of RCN in patients with pre-existing chronic kidney disease (CKD).. Ovid's multidatabase search for MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Registry of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and HealthSTAR were used to identify candidate articles. Abstracts from proceedings of scientific meetings also were screened. We selected blinded and unblinded randomized controlled trials (RCTs) performed in humans 18 years and older with pre-existing CKD, defined by a mean baseline serum creatinine level of 1.2 mg/dL or greater (> or =106.1 micromol/L) or creatinine clearance less than 70 mL/min (<1.17 mL/s). The overall risk ratio (RR) for the development of RCN was computed using a random-effects model.. Eight RCTs (n = 885 patients) published in full-text articles were included in the primary analysis. In the control group, the overall rate of RCN was 18.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 15 to 22). In the primary analysis, overall RR for RCN associated with the use of NAC was 0.41 (95% CI, 0.22 to 0.79; P = 0.007). In a sensitivity analysis that included 4 additional RCTs published in abstract form, RR remained significant at 0.55 (95% CI, 0.34 to 0.91; P = 0.020).. NAC reduces the risk for RCN in patients with CKD.

Topics: Acetylcysteine; Acute Kidney Injury; Cardiac Catheterization; Contrast Media; Cystine; Free Radical Scavengers; Humans; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

A case of accidental paracetamol overdose in a patient suffering from pericoronitis is described. Self-medication with paracetamol was exacerbated by the prescription of a compound analgesic containing paracetamol by the patient's dental practitioner. The consequent overdose of paracetamol resulted in liver toxicity and acute liver failure. The hazards of accidental paracetamol overdose are discussed and analgesic preparations containing paracetamol described.

Topics: Acetaminophen; Acute Kidney Injury; Adult; Cystine; Dextropropoxyphene; Drug Combinations; Drug Overdose; Humans; Male; Pericoronitis; Renal Dialysis; Self Medication