Page last updated: 2024-10-21

n-methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine and Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic

n-methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine has been researched along with Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic in 85 studies

N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine: An N-substituted amphetamine analog. It is a widely abused drug classified as a hallucinogen and causes marked, long-lasting changes in brain serotonergic systems. It is commonly referred to as MDMA or ecstasy.
3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine : A member of the class of benzodioxoles that is 1,3-benzodioxole substituted by a 2-(methylamino)propyl group at position 5.

Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic: A class of traumatic stress disorders with symptoms that last more than one month.

Research Excerpts

ExcerptRelevanceReference
" The classical psychedelic drugs LSD and psilocybin and the entactogen MDMA are showing promise as tools to assist psychotherapy for a wide range of mental disorders, with multiple pilot studies demonstrating their safety and efficacy."4.98The 21st century psychedelic renaissance: heroic steps forward on the back of an elephant. ( Sessa, B, 2018)
"Changes in Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5 (CAPS-5) total severity score (primary endpoint) and Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS) functional impairment score (key secondary endpoint) were assessed by blinded independent assessors."3.30MDMA-assisted therapy for moderate to severe PTSD: a randomized, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial. ( Balliett, B; Bogenschutz, M; de Boer, A; Doblin, R; Gelfand, Y; Hamilton, S; Harrison, C; Kleiman, S; Mitchell, JM; Mithoefer, M; Nicholas, CR; Ot'alora G, M; Paleos, C; Parker-Guilbert, K; Quevedo, S; Shannon, S; Tzarfaty, K; van der Kolk, B; Yazar-Klosinski, B, 2023)
"MDMA-AT for ED-PTSD appears promising and requires further study."3.11MDMA-assisted therapy significantly reduces eating disorder symptoms in a randomized placebo-controlled trial of adults with severe PTSD. ( Brewerton, TD; Doblin, R; Emerson, A; Lafrance, A; Mithoefer, M; Pamplin, C; Wang, JB; Yazar-Klosinki, B, 2022)
"MDMA-AT for severe PTSD may also lead to subclinical improvements in alcohol use."3.11The effects of MDMA-assisted therapy on alcohol and substance use in a phase 3 trial for treatment of severe PTSD. ( Brown, RT; Coker, A; Doblin, R; Emerson, A; Klaire, SS; Mitchell, JM; Nicholas, CR; Wang, JB; Yazar-Klosinski, B, 2022)
"Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) presents a major public health problem for which currently available treatments are modestly effective."3.01MDMA-assisted therapy for severe PTSD: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 study. ( Amar, S; Amiaz, R; Bogenschutz, M; Brown, R; Carlin, S; Coker, A; de Boer, A; Doblin, R; Emerson, A; Garas, W; Gelfand, Y; Gorman, I; Hamilton, S; Hapke, E; Harrison, C; Klaire, SS; Kleiman, S; Lilienstein, A; Marta, C; Matthews, R; Mitchell, JM; Mithoefer, A; Mithoefer, M; Nicholas, C; Ot'alora G, M; Paleos, C; Parker-Guilbert, K; Poulter, B; Quevedo, S; Shannon, S; Tzarfaty, K; van der Kolk, B; Wallach, Y; Wang, JB; Wells, G; Woolley, JD; Worthy, R; Yazar-Klosinski, B, 2021)
"Symptoms of PTSD were measured using the CAPS-IV."3.01Sleep Quality Improvements After MDMA-Assisted Psychotherapy for the Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. ( Feduccia, AA; Hamilton, S; Jerome, L; Mithoefer, MC; Ponte, L; Vermetten, E; Yazar-Klosinski, BB, 2021)
"MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for PTSD resulted in PTG and clinical symptom reductions of large-magnitude effect sizes."2.94Posttraumatic Growth After MDMA-Assisted Psychotherapy for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. ( Belser, AB; Emerson, A; Feduccia, AA; Gorman, I; Hamilton, S; Hennigan, C; Jerome, L; Shechet, B; Yazar-Klosinski, B, 2020)
"To examine long-term change in PTSD symptoms and additional benefits/harms after 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD."2.94Long-term follow-up outcomes of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: a longitudinal pooled analysis of six phase 2 trials. ( Doblin, R; Emerson, A; Feduccia, AA; Hamilton, S; Jerome, L; Mithoefer, MC; Wang, JB; Yazar-Klosinski, B, 2020)
"Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is prevalent in military personnel and first responders, many of whom do not respond to currently available treatments."2.873,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)-assisted psychotherapy for post-traumatic stress disorder in military veterans, firefighters, and police officers: a randomised, double-blind, dose-response, phase 2 clinical trial. ( Doblin, R; Emerson, A; Feduccia, AA; Hamilton, S; Holland, J; Jerome, L; Mithoefer, AT; Mithoefer, MC; Wagner, M; Wymer, J; Yazar-Klosinski, B, 2018)
"Change in the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale total scores one month after two sessions of MDMA served as the primary outcome."2.873,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of chronic posttraumatic stress disorder: A randomized phase 2 controlled trial. ( Doblin, R; Emerson, A; Feduccia, AA; Giron, SG; Grigsby, J; Hamilton, S; Jerome, L; Mithoefer, MC; Ot'alora G, M; Poulter, B; Van Derveer, JW; Yazar-Klosinski, B, 2018)
"The Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) Global Scores and NEO PI-R Personality Inventory (NEO) Openness and Neuroticism Scales served as outcome measures."2.84Therapeutic effect of increased openness: Investigating mechanism of action in MDMA-assisted psychotherapy. ( Doblin, R; Jerome, L; MacAulay, RK; Mithoefer, AT; Mithoefer, MC; Wagner, MT; Yazar-Klosinski, B, 2017)
" The dosing of MDMA is used to allow the therapist to probe the underlying trauma without causing emotional distress."2.82MDMA-Assisted Psychotherapy for Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis. ( Hernandez, AV; Sicignano, DJ; Smith, KW; White, CM, 2022)
", selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors), so it will be important to understand drug-drug interactions between MDMA or psilocybin and psychiatric medications."2.82Drug-drug interactions between psychiatric medications and MDMA or psilocybin: a systematic review. ( Malcolm, B; Sarparast, A; Stauffer, CS; Thomas, K, 2022)
"Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), characterized by abnormally persistent and distressing memories, is a chronic debilitating condition in need of new treatment options."2.82Diverse therapeutic developments for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) indicate common mechanisms of memory modulation. ( Benedek, DM; Canales, JJ; Eri, R; Johnson, LR; Marathe, PA; Raut, SB; Ravindran, M; Ursano, RJ; van Eijk, L, 2022)
"Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating mental illness with limited treatment options and a high treatment dropout rate."2.82Review of potential psychedelic treatments for PTSD. ( Henner, RL; Hill, KP; Keshavan, MS, 2022)
"Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common mental health condition that begins after exposure to a traumatic event."2.82Will MDMA-assisted psychotherapy become a breakthrough in treatment-resistant post-traumatic stress disorder? A critical narrative review. ( Gorczyca, P; Piegza, M; Pudlo, R; Szafoni, S; Więckiewicz, G, 2022)
" There were no drug-related serious adverse events, adverse neurocognitive effects or clinically significant blood pressure increases."2.76The safety and efficacy of {+/-}3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine-assisted psychotherapy in subjects with chronic, treatment-resistant posttraumatic stress disorder: the first randomized controlled pilot study. ( Doblin, R; Jerome, L; Mithoefer, AT; Mithoefer, MC; Wagner, MT, 2011)
"Some evidence suggests that Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is the most common psychiatric condition that arises following trauma."2.72Psilocybin and MDMA for the treatment of trauma-related psychopathology. ( Bird, CIV; Modlin, NL; Rucker, JJH, 2021)
"Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has become one of the most common psychiatric diagnosis in the United States specifically within the veteran population."2.72MDMA to Treat PTSD in Adults. ( Abd-Elsayed, A; Cornett, EM; Green, J; Kaye, AD; Kaye, AM; Latimer, D; Sayers, K; Stocker, MD; Urits, I; Varrassi, G; Viswanath, O, 2021)
"Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common psychiatric condition that can develop following a traumatic experience."2.66Efficacy of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)-assisted psychotherapy for posttraumatic stress disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. ( Bahji, A; Forsyth, A; Groll, D; Hawken, ER, 2020)
"The rationale for the use of MDMA in PTSD and SUD is being extended to a broader beneficial "psychedelic effect," which is supporting further clinical investigations, in spite of the lack of mechanistic hypothesis."2.58Psychedelics and reconsolidation of traumatic and appetitive maladaptive memories: focus on cannabinoids and ketamine. ( Chiamulera, C; Fattore, L; Fumagalli, G; Piva, A; Zanda, MT, 2018)
"There is a range of therapies to treat Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) but treatment resistance remains high, with many sufferers experiencing the chronic condition."2.55MDMA and PTSD treatment: "PTSD: From novel pathophysiology to innovative therapeutics". ( Sessa, B, 2017)
"The most widely accepted treatment for PTSD is prolonged exposure (PE) therapy, but for many patients it is intolerable or ineffective."2.53Treating posttraumatic stress disorder with MDMA-assisted psychotherapy: A preliminary meta-analysis and comparison to prolonged exposure therapy. ( Amoroso, T; Workman, M, 2016)
"Severe posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a prevalent and debilitating condition in the United States."1.72Updated cost-effectiveness of MDMA-assisted therapy for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder in the United States: Findings from a phase 3 trial. ( Kahn, JG; Marseille, E; Mitchell, JM, 2022)
"In this study, we aimed to test whether substance use in this population is related to an attempt to self-medicate PTSD-related symptoms."1.72Coping motives mediate the relationship between PTSD and MDMA use in adolescents with substance use disorders. ( Basedow, LA; Golub, Y; Kuitunen-Paul, S; Roessner, V; Wiedmann, MF, 2022)
"Adolescent patients with a substance use disorder (SUD) often fulfil the criteria for a co-occurring post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)."1.62Self-reported PTSD is associated with increased use of MDMA in adolescents with substance use disorders. ( Basedow, LA; Golub, Y; Kuitunen-Paul, S; Roessner, V; Wiedmann, MF, 2021)
"PTSD is a common comorbidity associated with EDs, and patients with EDs and PTSD (ED-PTSD) are reported to have higher severities of illness, greater comorbidities, higher treatment dropouts, and poorer outcomes."1.62The potential use of N-methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDMA) assisted psychotherapy in the treatment of eating disorders comorbid with PTSD. ( Brewerton, TD; Lafrance, A; Mithoefer, MC, 2021)
"Between-group comparisons were made for PTSD and depression symptom severity at the baseline and the primary endpoint, and for peak vital signs across two MDMA sessions."1.62Discontinuation of medications classified as reuptake inhibitors affects treatment response of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy. ( Feduccia, AA; Holland, J; Jerome, L; Mithoefer, MC, 2021)
"Chronic posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a disabling condition that generates considerable morbidity, mortality, and both medical and indirect social costs."1.56The cost-effectiveness of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for the treatment of chronic, treatment-resistant PTSD. ( Doblin, R; Kahn, JG; Marseille, E; Yazar-Klosinski, B, 2020)
"Despite its efficacy in PTSD and anxiety, MDMA did not reduce either the subjective or objective responses to stress in this controlled study."1.46MDMA does not alter responses to the Trier Social Stress Test in humans. ( Bershad, AK; de Wit, H; Miller, MA, 2017)

Research

Studies (85)

TimeframeStudies, this research(%)All Research%
pre-19900 (0.00)18.7374
1990's1 (1.18)18.2507
2000's9 (10.59)29.6817
2010's30 (35.29)24.3611
2020's45 (52.94)2.80

Authors

AuthorsStudies
Cohen, IV2
Barber, L1
Dubnicka, TP1
Hurtado, SB1
Tincher, SA1
Stankowski, LF1
Yazar-Klosinski, B13
Krystal, JH1
Kelmendi, B1
Petrakis, IL1
Basedow, LA2
Kuitunen-Paul, S2
Wiedmann, MF2
Roessner, V2
Golub, Y2
Halvorsen, JØ1
Naudet, F1
Cristea, IA1
Smith, KW1
Sicignano, DJ1
Hernandez, AV1
White, CM1
Maples-Keller, JL2
Norrholm, SD2
Burton, M1
Reiff, C1
Coghlan, C1
Jovanovic, T2
Yasinski, C1
Jarboe, K1
Rakofsky, J1
Rauch, S1
Dunlop, BW2
Rothbaum, BO4
Marseille, E3
Mitchell, JM4
Kahn, JG3
Avanceña, ALV1
Sarparast, A1
Thomas, K2
Malcolm, B1
Stauffer, CS1
Brewerton, TD3
Wang, JB5
Lafrance, A2
Pamplin, C1
Mithoefer, M3
Yazar-Klosinki, B1
Emerson, A9
Doblin, R14
Nicholas, CR2
Coker, A2
Klaire, SS2
Brown, RT1
Raut, SB1
Marathe, PA1
van Eijk, L1
Eri, R1
Ravindran, M1
Benedek, DM1
Ursano, RJ1
Canales, JJ1
Johnson, LR1
Arluk, S1
Matar, MA1
Carmi, L1
Arbel, O1
Zohar, J1
Todder, D1
Cohen, H1
Henner, RL1
Keshavan, MS1
Hill, KP1
Ching, TH1
Williams, MT1
Jerome, L11
Kyarunts, M1
Mansukhani, MP1
Loukianova, LL1
Kolla, BP1
Barber, GS1
Aaronson, ST1
Bedi, G1
Cotton, SM1
Guerin, AA1
Jackson, HJ1
Madero, S1
Alvarez, OD1
Szafoni, S1
Więckiewicz, G1
Pudlo, R1
Gorczyca, P1
Piegza, M1
Haridy, R1
Nogrady, B1
Ot'alora G, M3
van der Kolk, B2
Shannon, S2
Bogenschutz, M2
Gelfand, Y2
Paleos, C2
Quevedo, S2
Balliett, B1
Hamilton, S8
Kleiman, S2
Parker-Guilbert, K2
Tzarfaty, K2
Harrison, C2
de Boer, A2
Mullard, A1
Holka-Pokorska, J1
Flameling, LJ1
Aday, JS1
van Elk, M1
Nafees, T1
Wase, HA1
Amir Malik, MF1
Bahji, A1
Forsyth, A1
Groll, D1
Hawken, ER1
Vermetten, E2
Yehuda, R1
Gorman, I2
Belser, AB1
Hennigan, C1
Shechet, B1
Feduccia, AA9
Mithoefer, MC13
Oeri, HE1
Holland, J3
Illingworth, BJ1
Lewis, DJ1
Lambarth, AT1
Stocking, K1
Duffy, JM1
Jelen, LA1
Rucker, JJ1
Tullis, P1
Makunts, T1
Abagyan, R1
Schmid, Y1
Gasser, P1
Oehen, P3
Liechti, ME1
Lilienstein, A1
Garas, W1
Nicholas, C1
Carlin, S1
Poulter, B2
Mithoefer, A2
Wells, G1
Amiaz, R1
Worthy, R1
Woolley, JD1
Marta, C1
Hapke, E1
Amar, S1
Wallach, Y1
Brown, R1
Matthews, R1
Ponte, L1
Yazar-Klosinski, BB2
Bird, CIV1
Modlin, NL1
Rucker, JJH1
Latimer, D1
Stocker, MD1
Sayers, K1
Green, J1
Kaye, AM1
Abd-Elsayed, A1
Cornett, EM1
Kaye, AD1
Varrassi, G1
Viswanath, O1
Urits, I1
Bershad, AK1
Miller, MA1
de Wit, H2
Sessa, B5
Wagner, MT3
Mithoefer, AT4
MacAulay, RK1
Young, MB1
Khoury, LM1
Rauch, SAM1
Reiff, CM1
Howell, LL1
Fattore, L1
Piva, A1
Zanda, MT1
Fumagalli, G1
Chiamulera, C1
Curran, HV1
Nutt, D2
Begola, MJ1
Dowben, JS1
Wagner, M2
Wymer, J1
Cipriani, A1
Cowen, PJ1
Gaddis, A1
Lake, S1
Tupper, K1
Nosova, E1
Blommaert, K1
Wood, E1
DeBeck, K1
Schenk, S1
Newcombe, D1
Grigsby, J1
Van Derveer, JW1
Giron, SG1
Walsh, Z1
Chabrol, H1
Kupferschmidt, K1
Pathania, R1
Corey, VR1
Pisano, VD1
Halpern, JH1
Amoroso, T1
Workman, M1
Bouso, JC1
Farré, M1
Alcázar, MA1
Gómez-Jarabo, G2
Johansen, PØ1
Krebs, TS1
Cukor, J1
Spitalnick, J1
Difede, J1
Rizzo, A1
Traber, R1
Widmer, V1
Schnyder, U1
Martin, SF1
Michel, Y1
Bouso Saiz, JC2
Check, E1
Morton, J1
Caudevilla Gálligo, F1
Falck, RS1
Carlson, RG1
Wang, J1
Siegal, HA1
Morris, K1
Jansen, KL1

Clinical Trials (15)

Trial Overview

TrialPhaseEnrollmentStudy TypeStart DateStatus
Evaluation of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) on Startle Response[NCT03181763]Phase 134 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-03-14Completed
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Dose Response Phase 2 Pilot Study of Manualized MDMA-Assisted Psychotherapy in Subjects With Chronic, Treatment-Resistant Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)[NCT01793610]Phase 229 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-05-13Completed
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Active Placebo-Controlled Phase 2 Pilot Study of MDMA-assisted Psychotherapy in People With Chronic, Treatment-Resistant Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)[NCT01689740]Phase 210 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-01-17Completed
Randomized, Triple-Blind, Phase 2 Pilot Study Comparing 3 Different Doses of MDMA in Conjunction With Manualized Therapy in 24 Veterans, Firefighters and Police Officers With Chronic Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)[NCT01211405]Phase 226 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-11-10Completed
Phase II Clinical Trial Testing the Safety and Efficacy of 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)-Assisted Psychotherapy in Subjects With Chronic Posttraumatic Stress Disorder[NCT00090064]Phase 223 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-03-12Completed
EMPOWER Study: Exploring Medically Perceived Benefits, Use and Interest in Psychedelics and Cannabinoids: Observational Study With First Responders and Military Personnel Examining Previous Use Experience and Interest in Participating in Future Research S[NCT04965740]102 participants (Actual)Observational2021-06-04Completed
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Phase 2 Pilot Study of Manualized 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)-Assisted Psychotherapy in 12 Subjects With Treatment-Resistant Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) - Canada[NCT01958593]Phase 26 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-10-14Terminated (stopped due to This pilot study was terminated early by sponsor due to insufficient rate of accrual.)
Phase II Pilot Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)Assisted Psychotherapy in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)- Switzerland[NCT00353938]Phase 214 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-09-13Completed
MDMA-Assisted Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) Compared With Methamphetamine-Assisted CBT in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD): A Phase II Study[NCT05783817]Phase 240 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-12-01Not yet recruiting
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Multi-Site Phase 3 Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Manualized MDMA-Assisted Psychotherapy for the Treatment of Severe Posttraumatic Stress Disorder[NCT03537014]Phase 3100 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-11-21Completed
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Single-Site Phase II 2-Arm Study to Compare the Safety and Preliminary Efficacy of Manualized MDMA-Assisted Therapy to Low Dose D-Amphetamine Assisted Therapy in Veterans For The Treatment of Moderate to Severe PTSD[NCT05790239]Phase 240 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-10-31Not yet recruiting
MDMA-Assisted Therapy 6 to 12 Months After Childbirth for People With Co-occurring Opioid Use and Post Traumatic Stress Disorders[NCT05219175]Phase 215 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2024-01-01Not yet recruiting
Examining the Safety and Clinical Efficacy of Psilocybin Therapy for Veterans With PTSD: An Open-Label Proof-of-Concept Trial[NCT05554094]Phase 215 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-01-01Recruiting
A Single Ketamine Infusion Combined With Music for Suicidal Ideation During a Depressive Episode: A Randomized Open Label Clinical Trial[NCT04658420]Phase 2200 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2021-07-01Not yet recruiting
The Effects of MDMA on Prefrontal and Amygdala Activation in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder[NCT03752918]Phase 120 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2024-01-31Not yet recruiting
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Trial Outcomes

Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II) at Baseline (ITT)

Validated self-report measure of symptoms of depression. The BDI-II total score of 0-13 is considered minimal range, 14-19 is mild, 20-28 is moderate, and 29-63 is severe depressive symptoms. The scores range from 0 to 63, with higher score indicating greater severity of depressive symptoms. (NCT01793610)
Timeframe: Baseline Enrollment

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Comparator-dose MDMA (40 mg) and Psychotherapy23.8
Active Dose 2 MDMA (100 mg) and Psychotherapy28.2
Active Dose 1 MDMA (125 mg) and Psychotherapy29.3

Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II) at One Month Post 2nd Experimental Session (ITT)

Validated self-report measure of symptoms of depression. The BDI-II total score of 0-13 is considered minimal range, 14-19 is mild, 20-28 is moderate, and 29-63 is severe depressive symptoms. The scores range from 0 to 63, with higher score indicating greater severity of depressive symptoms. (NCT01793610)
Timeframe: One month after 2nd experimental session (approximately 3 months post enrollment)

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Comparator-dose MDMA (40 mg) and Psychotherapy12.3
Active Dose 2 MDMA (100 mg) and Psychotherapy18.3
Active Dose 1 MDMA (125 mg) and Psychotherapy17.3

Change in Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II) From Baseline to One Month Post 2nd Experimental Session (ITT)

Validated self-report measure of symptoms of depression. The BDI-II total score of 0-13 is considered minimal range, 14-19 is mild, 20-28 is moderate, and 29-63 is severe depressive symptoms. The scores range from 0 to 63, with higher score indicating greater severity of depressive symptoms. (NCT01793610)
Timeframe: Baseline Enrollment to 1-Month Post 2nd Experimental Session

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Comparator-dose (40 mg) MDMA and Psychotherapy-11.5
Active Dose 2 (100 mg) MDMA and Psychotherapy-9.9
Active Dose 1 (125 mg) MDMA and Psychotherapy-11.0

Change in Clinician Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-IV (CAPS-IV) Total Severity Score From Baseline to One Month Post 2nd Experimental Session (ITT)

The Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-IV (CAPS-IV) is a clinician administered and scored assessment of PTSD symptoms via structured interview based upon PTSD diagnosis in DSM-IV. It contains symptom subscales, a CAPS-IV total severity score, and a diagnostic score. The total severity score is a sum of symptom frequency and intensity scores for the subscales B (re-experiencing), C (avoidance) and D (hypervigilance) and ranges from 0 to 136, with higher scores indicating greater severity of PTSD symptoms. (NCT01793610)
Timeframe: Baseline Enrollment to 1-Month Post 2nd Experimental Session

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Comparator-dose (40 mg) MDMA and Psychotherapy-11.5
Active Dose 2 (100 mg) MDMA and Psychotherapy-24.4
Active Dose 1 (125 mg) MDMA and Psychotherapy-26.3

Change in Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) From Baseline to One Month Post 2nd Experimental Session (ITT)

The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) is a self-rated questionnaire which assesses sleep quality and disturbances. It is comprised of 18 items that yield seven component scores. Component scores are summed to create a total score. Total scores range from 0 (better) to 21 (worse), with higher scores indicating poor sleep quality. (NCT01793610)
Timeframe: Baseline Enrollment to 1-Month Post 2nd Experimental Session

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Comparator-dose (40 mg) MDMA and Psychotherapy-0.83
Active Dose 2 (100 mg) MDMA and Psychotherapy-3.56
Active Dose 1 (125 mg) MDMA and Psychotherapy-1.92

Clinician Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-IV (CAPS-IV) Total Severity Score at Baseline (ITT)

The Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-IV (CAPS-IV) is a clinician administered and scored assessment of PTSD symptoms via structured interview based upon PTSD diagnosis in DSM-IV. It contains symptom subscales, a CAPS-IV total severity score, and a diagnostic score. The total severity score is a sum of symptom frequency and intensity scores for the subscales B (re-experiencing), C (avoidance) and D (hypervigilance) and ranges from 0 to 136, with higher scores indicating greater severity of PTSD symptoms. (NCT01793610)
Timeframe: Baseline Enrollment

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Comparator-dose MDMA (40 mg) and Psychotherapy84.8
Active Dose 2 MDMA (100 mg) and Psychotherapy94.4
Active Dose 1 MDMA (125 mg) and Psychotherapy93.5

Clinician Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-IV (CAPS-IV) Total Severity Score at One Month Post 2nd Experimental Session (ITT)

The Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-IV (CAPS-IV) is a clinician administered and scored assessment of PTSD symptoms via structured interview based upon PTSD diagnosis in DSM-IV. It contains symptom subscales, a CAPS-IV total severity score, and a diagnostic score. The total severity score is a sum of symptom frequency and intensity scores for the subscales B (re-experiencing), C (avoidance) and D (hypervigilance) and ranges from 0 to 136, with higher scores indicating greater severity of PTSD symptoms. (NCT01793610)
Timeframe: One month after 2nd experimental session (approximately 3 months post enrollment)

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Comparator-dose MDMA (40 mg) and Psychotherapy73.3
Active Dose 2 MDMA (100 mg) and Psychotherapy70.0
Active Dose 1 MDMA (125 mg) and Psychotherapy64.3

Change in Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) Total Score From End of Stage 1 to End of Stage 2

Validated self-report measure of symptoms of depression. The BDI-II total score of 0-13 is considered minimal range, 14-19 is mild, 20-28 is moderate, and 29-63 is severe depressive symptoms. The BDI-II is scored by summing the ratings for the 21 items. Each item is rated on a 4-point scale ranging from 0 to 3. The maximum total score is 63. (NCT01689740)
Timeframe: End of Stage 1 to End of Stage 2

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Active Placebo Dose MDMA (25 mg)/ Stage 2 Crossover-6.0

Change in Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) Total Scores From Baseline to End of Stage 1

Validated self-report measure of symptoms of depression. The BDI-II total score of 0-13 is considered minimal range, 14-19 is mild, 20-28 is moderate, and 29-63 is severe depressive symptoms. The BDI-II is scored by summing the ratings for the 21 items. Each item is rated on a 4-point scale ranging from 0 to 3. The maximum total score is 63. (NCT01689740)
Timeframe: Baseline to 1-Month Post Experimental Session 2 (End of Stage 1)

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Lead in: 125 mg MDMA (Open Label) and Psychotherapy-17.0
Active Placebo Dose MDMA (25 mg) and Psychotherapy0.33
Full Dose MDMA (125 mg) and Psychotherapy-17.0

Change in Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) Total Scores From Baseline to Long-Term Follow-Up

Validated self-report measure of symptoms of depression. The BDI-II total score of 0-13 is considered minimal range, 14-19 is mild, 20-28 is moderate, and 29-63 is severe depressive symptoms. The BDI-II is scored by summing the ratings for the 21 items. Each item is rated on a 4-point scale ranging from 0 to 3. The maximum total score is 63. (NCT01689740)
Timeframe: Baseline to 12 month post-final experimental session

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Lead in: 125 mg MDMA (Open Label) and Psychotherapy-17.0
Active Placebo Dose MDMA (25 mg) and Psychotherapy-3.5
Full Dose MDMA (125 mg) and Psychotherapy-18.4

Change in Clinical Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS-IV) Total Score From Baseline to End of Stage 1

The Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-IV (CAPS-IV) is a clinician administered and scored assessment of PTSD symptoms via structured interview based upon PTSD diagnosis in DSM-IV. The total severity score is a sum of symptom frequency and intensity scores for the subscales B (re-experiencing), C (avoidance) and D (hypervigilance) and ranges from 0 to 136, with higher scores indicating greater severity of PTSD symptoms. (NCT01689740)
Timeframe: Baseline to 1-Month Post Experimental Session 2 (End of Stage 1)

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Lead in: 125 mg MDMA (Open Label) and Psychotherapy-42.0
Active Placebo Dose MDMA (25 mg) and Psychotherapy-9.0
Full Dose MDMA (125 mg) and Psychotherapy-34.6

Change in Clinical Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS-IV) Total Score From Baseline to Long-Term Follow-Up

The Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-IV (CAPS-IV) is a clinician administered and scored assessment of PTSD symptoms via structured interview based upon PTSD diagnosis in DSM-IV. The total severity score is a sum of symptom frequency and intensity scores for the subscales B (re-experiencing), C (avoidance) and D (hypervigilance) and ranges from 0 to 136, with higher scores indicating greater severity of PTSD symptoms. (NCT01689740)
Timeframe: Baseline to 12 months post-final experimental session

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Lead in: 125 mg MDMA (Open Label) and Psychotherapy-39.0
Active Placebo Dose MDMA (25 mg) and Psychotherapy-34.5
Full Dose MDMA (125 mg) and Psychotherapy-48.8

Change in Clinical Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS-IV) Total Score From End of Stage 1 to End of Stage 2

The Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-IV (CAPS-IV) is a clinician administered and scored assessment of PTSD symptoms via structured interview based upon PTSD diagnosis in DSM-IV. The total severity score is a sum of symptom frequency and intensity scores for the subscales B (re-experiencing), C (avoidance) and D (hypervigilance) and ranges from 0 to 136, with higher scores indicating greater severity of PTSD symptoms. (NCT01689740)
Timeframe: End of Stage 1 to End of Stage 2

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Active Placebo Dose MDMA (25 mg)/ Stage 2 Crossover-10.0

Change in Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) Scale From Baseline to End of Stage 1

The Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) Scale is a numeric scale ranging from 0 through 100 that is used by mental health clinicians and physicians to subjectively rate the social, occupational, and psychological functioning of adults. Higher scores indicate better functioning. (NCT01689740)
Timeframe: Baseline to 1-Month Post 2nd Experimental Session (End of Stage 1)

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Lead in: 125 mg MDMA (Open Label) and Psychotherapy15.0
Active Placebo Dose MDMA (25 mg) and Psychotherapy-2.33
Full Dose MDMA (125 mg) and Psychotherapy18.2

Change in Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) Scale From Baseline to Long-Term Follow-Up

The Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) Scale is a numeric scale ranging from 0 through 100 that is used by mental health clinicians and physicians to subjectively rate the social, occupational, and psychological functioning of adults. Higher scores indicate better functioning. (NCT01689740)
Timeframe: Baseline to 12 months post-final experimental session

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Lead in: 125 mg MDMA (Open Label) and Psychotherapy5
Active Placebo Dose MDMA (25 mg) and Psychotherapy-2.0
Full Dose MDMA (125 mg) and Psychotherapy26.6

Change in Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) Scale From End of Stage 1 to End of Stage 2

The Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) Scale is a numeric scale ranging from 0 through 100 that is used by mental health clinicians and physicians to subjectively rate the social, occupational, and psychological functioning of adults. Higher scores indicate better functioning. (NCT01689740)
Timeframe: End of Stage 1 to End of Stage 2

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Active Placebo Dose MDMA (25 mg)/ Stage 2 Crossover11.5

Change in Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) From Baseline to End of Stage 1

The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) is a self-rated questionnaire which assesses sleep quality and disturbances. It is comprised of 18 items that yield seven component scores. Component scores are summed to create a total score. Total scores range from 0 (better) to 21 (worse), with higher scores indicating poor sleep quality. (NCT01689740)
Timeframe: Baseline to 1-Month Post 2nd Experimental Session (End of Stage 1)

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Lead in: 125 mg MDMA (Open Label) and Psychotherapy-7.5
Active Placebo Dose MDMA (25 mg) and Psychotherapy1.0
Full Dose MDMA (125 mg) and Psychotherapy-1.8

Change in Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) From Baseline to Long-Term Follow-Up

The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) is a self-rated questionnaire which assesses sleep quality and disturbances. It is comprised of 18 items that yield seven component scores. Component scores are summed to create a total score. Total scores range from 0 (better) to 21 (worse), with higher scores indicating poor sleep quality. (NCT01689740)
Timeframe: Baseline to 12 months post-final experimental session

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Lead in: 125 mg MDMA (Open Label) and Psychotherapy-3.5
Active Placebo Dose MDMA (25 mg) and Psychotherapy-2.0
Full Dose MDMA (125 mg) and Psychotherapy-2.2

Change in Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) From End of Stage 1 to End of Stage 2

The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) is a self-rated questionnaire which assesses sleep quality and disturbances. It is comprised of 18 items that yield seven component scores. Component scores are summed to create a total score. Total scores range from 0 (better) to 21 (worse), with higher scores indicating poor sleep quality. (NCT01689740)
Timeframe: End of Stage 1 to End of Stage 2

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Active Placebo Dose MDMA (25 mg)/ Stage 2 Crossover-3.5

Change in Posttraumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale (PDS) Symptom Severity Score From Baseline to End of Stage 1

The Posttraumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale (PDS) is a 49-item self-report instrument designed to aid in the diagnosis of PTSD. Responses to 17 symptom items are made on a 4 point scale ranging from 0 (not at all) to 3 (five or more times per week). The symptom items are summed to calculate the symptom severity score which ranges from 0 to 51, with higher scores indicating more severe PTSD symptoms. (NCT01689740)
Timeframe: Baseline to 1-Month Post 2nd Experimental Session (End of Stage 1)

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Lead in: 125 mg MDMA (Open Label) and Psychotherapy-19.0
Active Placebo Dose MDMA (25 mg) and Psychotherapy1.33
Full Dose MDMA (125 mg) and Psychotherapy-17.4

Change in Posttraumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale (PDS) Symptom Severity Score From Baseline to Long-Term Follow-Up

The Posttraumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale (PDS) is a 49-item self-report instrument designed to aid in the diagnosis of PTSD. Responses to 17 symptom items are made on a 4 point scale ranging from 0 (not at all) to 3 (five or more times per week). The symptom items are summed to calculate the symptom severity score which ranges from 0 to 51, with higher scores indicating more severe PTSD symptoms. (NCT01689740)
Timeframe: Baseline to 12 months post-final experimental session

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Lead in: 125 mg MDMA (Open Label) and Psychotherapy-23.0
Active Placebo Dose MDMA (25 mg) and Psychotherapy-10
Full Dose MDMA (125 mg) and Psychotherapy-20.4

Change in Posttraumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale (PDS) Symptom Severity Score From End of Stage 1 to End of Stage 2

The Posttraumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale (PDS) is a 49-item self-report instrument designed to aid in the diagnosis of PTSD. Responses to 17 symptom items are made on a 4 point scale ranging from 0 (not at all) to 3 (five or more times per week). The symptom items are summed to calculate the symptom severity score which ranges from 0 to 51, with higher scores indicating more severe PTSD symptoms. (NCT01689740)
Timeframe: End of Stage 1 to End of Stage 2

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Active Placebo Dose MDMA (25 mg)/ Stage 2 Crossover-10.0

Baseline Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS-IV) Total Score

The Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-IV (CAPS-IV) is a clinician administered and scored assessment of PTSD symptoms via structured interview based upon PTSD diagnosis in DSM-IV. The total severity score is a sum of symptom frequency and intensity scores for the subscales B (re-experiencing), C (avoidance) and D (hypervigilance) and ranges from 0 to 136, with higher scores indicating greater severity of PTSD symptoms. (NCT01211405)
Timeframe: Baseline

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Low Dose MDMA (30 mg)87.4
Medium Dose MDMA (75 mg)82.4
Full Dose MDMA (125 mg)89.7

Change in Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) From Baseline to Primary Endpoint

Validated self-report measure of symptoms of depression. The BDI-II total score of 0-13 is considered minimal range, 14-19 is mild, 20-28 is moderate, and 29-63 is severe depressive symptoms. The BDI-II is scored by summing the ratings for the 21 items. Each item is rated on a 4-point scale ranging from 0 to 3. The maximum total score is 63. (NCT01211405)
Timeframe: Baseline to one month after second experimental session

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Low Dose MDMA (30 mg)-4.6
Medium Dose MDMA (75 mg)-15.4
Full Dose MDMA (125 mg)-24.6

Change in Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS-IV) From Baseline to Primary Endpoint

The Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-IV (CAPS-IV) is a clinician administered and scored assessment of PTSD symptoms via structured interview based upon PTSD diagnosis in DSM-IV. The total severity score is a sum of symptom frequency and intensity scores for the subscales B (re-experiencing), C (avoidance) and D (hypervigilance) and ranges from 0 to 136, with higher scores indicating greater severity of PTSD symptoms. (NCT01211405)
Timeframe: Baseline to one month after second experimental session

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Low Dose MDMA (30 mg)-11.4
Medium Dose MDMA (75 mg)-58.3
Full Dose MDMA (125 mg)-44.3

Change in Dissociative Experience Scale (DES-II) From Baseline to Primary Endpoint

"The DES-II is a 28-item self-report measure of dissociation, defined as a lack of normal integration of an individual's thoughts, feelings, or experiences into the stream of consciousness or memory. Respondents indicate how often the specific experience happens to them, from never (0% of the time) to always (100%). The scale is scored by treating percentages as single digits and summing to produce a total score, ranging from 0 to 100. The higher the score, the more dissociative symptoms." (NCT01211405)
Timeframe: Baseline to one month after second experimental session

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Low Dose MDMA (30 mg)1.8
Medium Dose MDMA (75 mg)-8.6
Full Dose MDMA (125 mg)-8.8

Change in Global Assessment of Function (GAF) From Baseline to Primary Endpoint

The Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) Scale is a numeric scale ranging from 0 through 100 that is used by mental health clinicians and physicians to subjectively rate the social, occupational, and psychological functioning of adults. Higher scores indicate better functioning. (NCT01211405)
Timeframe: Baseline to one month after second experimental session

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Low Dose MDMA (30 mg)1.1
Medium Dose MDMA (75 mg)19.4
Full Dose MDMA (125 mg)18.4

Change in Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) From Baseline to Primary Endpoint

The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) is a self-rated questionnaire which assesses sleep quality and disturbances. It is comprised of 18 items that yield seven component scores. Component scores are summed to create a total score. Total scores range from 0 (better) to 21 (worse), with higher scores indicating poor sleep quality. (NCT01211405)
Timeframe: Baseline to one month after second experimental session

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Low Dose MDMA (30 mg)1.8
Medium Dose MDMA (75 mg)-6.4
Full Dose MDMA (125 mg)-4.8

Change in Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) From Baseline to Primary Endpoint

The Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) is a 21-item self-report measure of perceived growth or benefits occurring after a traumatic event. It contains five subscales; relationship to others, new possibilities, personal strength, spiritual change, and appreciation of life. Questions are answered on a scale from 0 (I did not experience this change) to 5 (I experienced this change to a great degree). Items are added to calculate the total PTGI score which ranges from 0 to 105, with higher scores indicative of greater growth. (NCT01211405)
Timeframe: Baseline to one month after second experimental session

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Low Dose MDMA (30 mg)-11.6
Medium Dose MDMA (75 mg)36.1
Full Dose MDMA (125 mg)33.7

Stage 1 Primary Endpoint Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS-IV) Total Score

The Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-IV (CAPS-IV) is a clinician administered and scored assessment of PTSD symptoms via structured interview based upon PTSD diagnosis in DSM-IV. The total severity score is a sum of symptom frequency and intensity scores for the subscales B (re-experiencing), C (avoidance) and D (hypervigilance) and ranges from 0 to 136, with higher scores indicating greater severity of PTSD symptoms. (NCT01211405)
Timeframe: One month after second experimental session

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Low Dose MDMA (30 mg)76.0
Medium Dose MDMA (75 mg)24.1
Full Dose MDMA (125 mg)45.3

Change in Neuroticism-Extroversion-Openness Personality Inventory-Revised (NEO-PI-R) From Baseline to Primary Endpoint

The NEO-PI-R is a 240-item self-report assessment that defines personality structure according to a five-factor model. Items related to neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness are rated on a five-point scale from strongly disagree to strongly agree. T-scores range from 20 to 80 with a mean score of 50. Higher scores in each domain indicating stronger facets of those personality factors. The NEO-PI-R is a measure of personality traits, not psychopathology symptoms. (NCT01211405)
Timeframe: Baseline to one month after second experimental session

,,
InterventionT-score (Mean)
Baseline NeuroticismOne month after 2nd Experimental Session NeuroticismChange in NeuroticismBaseline ExtroversionOne month after 2nd Experimental Session ExtroversionChange in ExtroversionBaseline OpennessOne Month after 2nd Experimental Session OpennessChange in OpennessBaseline AgreeablenessOne Month after 2nd Experimental SessionChange in AgreeablenessBaseline ConscientiousnessOne Month after 2nd Experimental Session ConscientiousnessChange in Conscientiousness
Full Dose MDMA (125 mg)75.158.6-16.534.242.28.057.459.42.039.845.75.941.347.86.5
Low Dose MDMA (30 mg)62.060.2-4.633.136.02.248.949.2-0.644.740.6-1.241.339.8-3.2
Medium Dose MDMA (75 mg)65.353.6-12.037.446.410.055.666.015.633.133.45.453.656.42.4

Change in Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS-IV) From Baseline to 2-month Follow-up

The Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-IV (CAPS-IV) is a clinician administered and scored assessment of PTSD symptoms via structured interview based upon PTSD diagnosis in DSM-IV. The total severity score is a sum of symptom frequency and intensity scores for the subscales B (re-experiencing), C (avoidance) and D (hypervigilance) and ranges from 0 to 136, with higher scores indicating greater severity of PTSD symptoms. (NCT00090064)
Timeframe: Baseline to 2 months post second experimental session

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
MDMA-assisted Therapy-55.2
Placebo With Therapy-20.5

Change in Impact of Events Scale Revised (IES-R) From Baseline to 2-month Follow-up

"The Impact of Events Scale Revised (IES-R) is a 22-item self-report measure (for DSM-IV) designed to measure the extent to which a given stressful life event produces subjective distress. Each item corresponds directly to 14 of the 17 DSM-IV symptoms of PTSD and is rated on a 5-point scale ranging from 0 (not at all) to 4 (extremely) for the extent to which the item was true for the participant during the past seven days. The IES-R yields a total score ranging from 0 to 88 with higher scores indicated greater distress." (NCT00090064)
Timeframe: Baseline to 2 months post second experimental session

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
MDMA-assisted Therapy-29.7
Placebo With Therapy-12.9

Change in Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS-IV) Score From Baseline to Primary Endpoint

Clinician-administered and scored assessment of PTSD symptoms via structured interview, including global symptom severity, dichotomous diagnostic score and subscale scores. The Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-4 (CAPS-4) is a clinician administered and scored assessment of PTSD symptoms via structured interview based upon PTSD diagnosis in DSM-4. It contains symptom subscales, a CAPS-4 total severity score, and a diagnostic score. The total severity score is a sum of symptom frequency and intensity scores for the subscales B (re-experiencing), C (avoidance) and D (hypervigilance) and ranges from 0 to 136, with higher scores indicating greater severity of PTSD symptoms. (NCT01958593)
Timeframe: Baseline to Primary Endpoint (Primary Endpoint was approximately 18 weeks after Baseline and 1 month after the 2nd experimental session)

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Placebo With Therapy-21.5
MDMA-assisted Therapy-17.3

Change From Baseline to Primary Endpoint in Clinician Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-IV (CAPS-IV)

The CAPS-IV is a structured clinical interview designed to assess the symptoms and severity of PTSD. The CAPS-IV provides a means to evaluate the frequency and intensity dimensions of each symptom, the impact of symptoms on the patient's social and occupational functioning, the overall severity of the symptom complex, global improvement since baseline, and the validity of the ratings obtained. Total severity scores range from 0 to 136, with higher scores indicating greater severity of PTSD symptoms. (NCT00353938)
Timeframe: Less than 4 weeks before first experimental session (Baseline) to 3 weeks post 3rd experimental session (Primary Endpoint)

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Full Dose MDMA-assisted Therapy (125 mg)-15.6
Active Placebo MDMA-assisted Therapy (25 mg)-3.2

Change From Baseline to Primary Endpoint in Posttraumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale (PDS)

"The Posstraumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale (PSD) is a 49-item self-report instrument to aid in the diagnosis of PTSD. Questions are asked about symptoms experienced and participants respond on a scale from 0 (not at all or only one time) to 3 (5 or more times a week/almost always). Items are summed to create a total score that ranges from 0 to 51, with higher scores indicating more PTSD symptoms." (NCT00353938)
Timeframe: Less than 4 weeks before first experimental session (Baseline) to 3 weeks post 3rd experimental session (Primary Endpoint)

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Full Dose MDMA-assisted Therapy (125 mg)-8.6
Active Placebo MDMA-assisted Therapy (25 mg)7.3

Change From Baseline to Primary Endpoint in Clinician Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-V (CAPS-5)

The Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-V (CAPS-5) is a clinician administered and scored assessment of PTSD symptoms via structured interview based upon PTSD diagnosis in DSM-5. The total severity score is a sum of symptom frequency and intensity scores for the subscales B (re-experiencing), C (avoidance) and D (hypervigilance) and ranges from 0 to 136, with higher scores indicating greater severity of PTSD symptoms. (NCT03537014)
Timeframe: Baseline to 18 weeks post enrollment confirmation

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
MDMA-assisted Therapy-24.4
Placebo With Therapy-13.9

Change From Baseline to Primary Endpoint in Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS) Total Score

The Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS) is a clinician-rated assessment of functional impairment that was adapted for the purposes of this study to limit missing item-level data as per the FDA requirements and included use of the three-item mean as the total score and imputation of work-related impairment. The SDS is a 3-item scale measuring the severity of disability in the domains of work, family life/home responsibilities and social/leisure activities, with each item scored on a ten-point Likert scale from 0 ('not at all impaired') to 10 ('very severely impaired'). The SDS total score was the mean of the 3 item responses. The SDS total score ranged from 0 to 10, with higher scores indicating greater functional impairment. (NCT03537014)
Timeframe: Baseline to 18 weeks post enrollment confirmation

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
MDMA-assisted Therapy-3.1
Placebo With Therapy-2.0

Reviews

24 reviews available for n-methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine and Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic

ArticleYear
MDMA-Assisted Psychotherapy for Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis.
    Journal of clinical pharmacology, 2022, Volume: 62, Issue:4

    Topics: Combined Modality Therapy; Humans; N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine; Psychotherapy; Stress Dis

2022
Drug-drug interactions between psychiatric medications and MDMA or psilocybin: a systematic review.
    Psychopharmacology, 2022, Volume: 239, Issue:6

    Topics: Adult; Drug Interactions; Hallucinogens; Humans; N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine; Psilocybin;

2022
Diverse therapeutic developments for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) indicate common mechanisms of memory modulation.
    Pharmacology & therapeutics, 2022, Volume: 239

    Topics: Cannabinoids; Fear; Humans; N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine; Psilocybin; Stress Disorders, Po

2022
Review of potential psychedelic treatments for PTSD.
    Journal of the neurological sciences, 2022, 08-15, Volume: 439

    Topics: Combined Modality Therapy; Hallucinogens; Humans; N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine; Psychother

2022
MDMA-assisted therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder: A pooled analysis of ethnoracial differences in efficacy and safety from two Phase 2 open-label lead-in trials and a Phase 3 randomized, blinded placebo-controlled trial.
    Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England), 2022, Volume: 36, Issue:8

    Topics: Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic; Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic; Double-Blind Method; Humans

2022
The Emerging Field of Psychedelic Psychotherapy.
    Current psychiatry reports, 2022, Volume: 24, Issue:10

    Topics: Hallucinogens; Humans; N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine; Psilocybin; Psychotherapy; Stress Dis

2022
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for post-traumatic stress disorder: The devil is in the detail.
    The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry, 2023, Volume: 57, Issue:4

    Topics: Australia; Hallucinogens; Humans; N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine; Psychotherapy; Stress Diso

2023
Will MDMA-assisted psychotherapy become a breakthrough in treatment-resistant post-traumatic stress disorder? A critical narrative review.
    Psychiatria polska, 2022, Aug-31, Volume: 56, Issue:4

    Topics: Combined Modality Therapy; Humans; N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine; Psychotherapy; Stress Dis

2022
Can research on entactogens contribute to a deeper understanding of human sexuality?
    Pharmacological reports : PR, 2023, Volume: 75, Issue:6

    Topics: Emotions; Hallucinogens; Humans; N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine; Sexuality; Stress Disorders

2023
Efficacy of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)-assisted psychotherapy for posttraumatic stress disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
    Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry, 2020, 01-10, Volume: 96

    Topics: Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors; Antidepressive Agents; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Combined Modality

2020
Beyond ecstasy: Alternative entactogens to 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine with potential applications in psychotherapy.
    Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England), 2021, Volume: 35, Issue:5

    Topics: Animals; Combined Modality Therapy; Hallucinogens; Humans; N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine; P

2021
A comparison of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy to non-assisted psychotherapy in treatment-resistant PTSD: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
    Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England), 2021, Volume: 35, Issue:5

    Topics: Combined Modality Therapy; Hallucinogens; Humans; N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine; Psychiatri

2021
Psilocybin and MDMA for the treatment of trauma-related psychopathology.
    International review of psychiatry (Abingdon, England), 2021, Volume: 33, Issue:3

    Topics: Depressive Disorder, Major; Humans; N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine; Psilocybin; Stress Disor

2021
MDMA to Treat PTSD in Adults.
    Psychopharmacology bulletin, 2021, 06-01, Volume: 51, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Hallucinogens; Humans; N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine; Psychotherapy; Stress Disorder

2021
Why Psychiatry Needs 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine: A Child Psychiatrist's Perspective.
    Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics, 2017, Volume: 14, Issue:3

    Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child Abuse; Humans; N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine; Psychiatry; Serotoni

2017
The 21st century psychedelic renaissance: heroic steps forward on the back of an elephant.
    Psychopharmacology, 2018, Volume: 235, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Data Collection; Emotions; Forecasting; Hallucinogens; Humans; Mental Disorders; N-Methyl-3

2018
Progress and promise for the MDMA drug development program.
    Psychopharmacology, 2018, Volume: 235, Issue:2

    Topics: Affect; Animals; Brain; Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic; Drug Development; Fear; Hallucinogens; H

2018
Psychedelics and reconsolidation of traumatic and appetitive maladaptive memories: focus on cannabinoids and ketamine.
    Psychopharmacology, 2018, Volume: 235, Issue:2

    Topics: Anesthetics, Dissociative; Animals; Appetitive Behavior; Cannabinoids; Emotions; Hallucinogens; Huma

2018
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for PTSD: Are memory reconsolidation and fear extinction underlying mechanisms?
    Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry, 2018, 06-08, Volume: 84, Issue:Pt A

    Topics: Animals; Clinical Trials as Topic; Combined Modality Therapy; Humans; N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamp

2018
Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) in Psychiatry: Pros, Cons, and Suggestions.
    Journal of clinical psychopharmacology, 2018, Volume: 38, Issue:6

    Topics: Humans; N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine; Neurotransmitter Agents; Stress Disorders, Post-Trau

2018
Treating posttraumatic stress disorder with MDMA-assisted psychotherapy: A preliminary meta-analysis and comparison to prolonged exposure therapy.
    Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England), 2016, Volume: 30, Issue:7

    Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Humans; Implosive Therapy; N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine; Psychot

2016
MDMA and PTSD treatment: "PTSD: From novel pathophysiology to innovative therapeutics".
    Neuroscience letters, 2017, 05-10, Volume: 649

    Topics: Animals; Clinical Trials as Topic; Humans; Memory; N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine; Stress Di

2017
Emerging treatments for PTSD.
    Clinical psychology review, 2009, Volume: 29, Issue:8

    Topics: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Combat Disorders; Computer Simulation; Cycloserine; Humans; Implosive

2009
Ecstasy: pharmacology and neurotoxicity.
    Current opinion in pharmacology, 2005, Volume: 5, Issue:1

    Topics: Affect; Animals; Binding Sites; Brain; Fever; Hallucinogens; Humans; N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamph

2005

Trials

18 trials available for n-methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine and Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic

ArticleYear
A randomized controlled trial of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and fear extinction retention in healthy adults.
    Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England), 2022, Volume: 36, Issue:3

    Topics: Animals; Extinction, Psychological; Fear; Female; Humans; Male; N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetami

2022
MDMA-assisted therapy significantly reduces eating disorder symptoms in a randomized placebo-controlled trial of adults with severe PTSD.
    Journal of psychiatric research, 2022, Volume: 149

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Double-Blind Method; Feeding and Eating Disorders; Female; Humans;

2022
The effects of MDMA-assisted therapy on alcohol and substance use in a phase 3 trial for treatment of severe PTSD.
    Drug and alcohol dependence, 2022, 04-01, Volume: 233

    Topics: Adult; Alcoholism; Combined Modality Therapy; Ethanol; Humans; N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamin

2022
MDMA-assisted therapy for moderate to severe PTSD: a randomized, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial.
    Nature medicine, 2023, Volume: 29, Issue:10

    Topics: Combined Modality Therapy; Double-Blind Method; Humans; N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine; Stre

2023
MDMA-assisted therapy for PTSD passes phase III trial.
    Nature reviews. Drug discovery, 2023, Volume: 22, Issue:11

    Topics: Combined Modality Therapy; Hallucinogens; Humans; N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine; Stress Dis

2023
Posttraumatic Growth After MDMA-Assisted Psychotherapy for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.
    Journal of traumatic stress, 2020, Volume: 33, Issue:2

    Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine; Non-Randomized Con

2020
Long-term follow-up outcomes of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: a longitudinal pooled analysis of six phase 2 trials.
    Psychopharmacology, 2020, Volume: 237, Issue:8

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Cross-Over Studies; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind

2020
Long-term follow-up outcomes of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: a longitudinal pooled analysis of six phase 2 trials.
    Psychopharmacology, 2020, Volume: 237, Issue:8

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Cross-Over Studies; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind

2020
Long-term follow-up outcomes of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: a longitudinal pooled analysis of six phase 2 trials.
    Psychopharmacology, 2020, Volume: 237, Issue:8

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Cross-Over Studies; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind

2020
Long-term follow-up outcomes of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: a longitudinal pooled analysis of six phase 2 trials.
    Psychopharmacology, 2020, Volume: 237, Issue:8

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Cross-Over Studies; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind

2020
Long-term follow-up outcomes of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: a longitudinal pooled analysis of six phase 2 trials.
    Psychopharmacology, 2020, Volume: 237, Issue:8

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Cross-Over Studies; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind

2020
Long-term follow-up outcomes of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: a longitudinal pooled analysis of six phase 2 trials.
    Psychopharmacology, 2020, Volume: 237, Issue:8

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Cross-Over Studies; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind

2020
Long-term follow-up outcomes of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: a longitudinal pooled analysis of six phase 2 trials.
    Psychopharmacology, 2020, Volume: 237, Issue:8

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Cross-Over Studies; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind

2020
Long-term follow-up outcomes of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: a longitudinal pooled analysis of six phase 2 trials.
    Psychopharmacology, 2020, Volume: 237, Issue:8

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Cross-Over Studies; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind

2020
Long-term follow-up outcomes of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: a longitudinal pooled analysis of six phase 2 trials.
    Psychopharmacology, 2020, Volume: 237, Issue:8

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Cross-Over Studies; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind

2020
Long-term follow-up outcomes of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: a longitudinal pooled analysis of six phase 2 trials.
    Psychopharmacology, 2020, Volume: 237, Issue:8

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Cross-Over Studies; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind

2020
Long-term follow-up outcomes of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: a longitudinal pooled analysis of six phase 2 trials.
    Psychopharmacology, 2020, Volume: 237, Issue:8

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Cross-Over Studies; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind

2020
Long-term follow-up outcomes of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: a longitudinal pooled analysis of six phase 2 trials.
    Psychopharmacology, 2020, Volume: 237, Issue:8

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Cross-Over Studies; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind

2020
Long-term follow-up outcomes of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: a longitudinal pooled analysis of six phase 2 trials.
    Psychopharmacology, 2020, Volume: 237, Issue:8

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Cross-Over Studies; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind

2020
Long-term follow-up outcomes of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: a longitudinal pooled analysis of six phase 2 trials.
    Psychopharmacology, 2020, Volume: 237, Issue:8

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Cross-Over Studies; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind

2020
Long-term follow-up outcomes of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: a longitudinal pooled analysis of six phase 2 trials.
    Psychopharmacology, 2020, Volume: 237, Issue:8

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Cross-Over Studies; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind

2020
Long-term follow-up outcomes of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: a longitudinal pooled analysis of six phase 2 trials.
    Psychopharmacology, 2020, Volume: 237, Issue:8

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Cross-Over Studies; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind

2020
Long-term follow-up outcomes of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: a longitudinal pooled analysis of six phase 2 trials.
    Psychopharmacology, 2020, Volume: 237, Issue:8

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Cross-Over Studies; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind

2020
Long-term follow-up outcomes of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: a longitudinal pooled analysis of six phase 2 trials.
    Psychopharmacology, 2020, Volume: 237, Issue:8

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Cross-Over Studies; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind

2020
Long-term follow-up outcomes of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: a longitudinal pooled analysis of six phase 2 trials.
    Psychopharmacology, 2020, Volume: 237, Issue:8

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Cross-Over Studies; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind

2020
Long-term follow-up outcomes of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: a longitudinal pooled analysis of six phase 2 trials.
    Psychopharmacology, 2020, Volume: 237, Issue:8

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Cross-Over Studies; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind

2020
Long-term follow-up outcomes of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: a longitudinal pooled analysis of six phase 2 trials.
    Psychopharmacology, 2020, Volume: 237, Issue:8

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Cross-Over Studies; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind

2020
Long-term follow-up outcomes of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: a longitudinal pooled analysis of six phase 2 trials.
    Psychopharmacology, 2020, Volume: 237, Issue:8

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Cross-Over Studies; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind

2020
Long-term follow-up outcomes of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: a longitudinal pooled analysis of six phase 2 trials.
    Psychopharmacology, 2020, Volume: 237, Issue:8

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Cross-Over Studies; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind

2020
Long-term follow-up outcomes of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: a longitudinal pooled analysis of six phase 2 trials.
    Psychopharmacology, 2020, Volume: 237, Issue:8

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Cross-Over Studies; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind

2020
Long-term follow-up outcomes of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: a longitudinal pooled analysis of six phase 2 trials.
    Psychopharmacology, 2020, Volume: 237, Issue:8

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Cross-Over Studies; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind

2020
Long-term follow-up outcomes of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: a longitudinal pooled analysis of six phase 2 trials.
    Psychopharmacology, 2020, Volume: 237, Issue:8

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Cross-Over Studies; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind

2020
Long-term follow-up outcomes of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: a longitudinal pooled analysis of six phase 2 trials.
    Psychopharmacology, 2020, Volume: 237, Issue:8

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Cross-Over Studies; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind

2020
Long-term follow-up outcomes of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: a longitudinal pooled analysis of six phase 2 trials.
    Psychopharmacology, 2020, Volume: 237, Issue:8

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Cross-Over Studies; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind

2020
Long-term follow-up outcomes of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: a longitudinal pooled analysis of six phase 2 trials.
    Psychopharmacology, 2020, Volume: 237, Issue:8

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Cross-Over Studies; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind

2020
Long-term follow-up outcomes of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: a longitudinal pooled analysis of six phase 2 trials.
    Psychopharmacology, 2020, Volume: 237, Issue:8

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Cross-Over Studies; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind

2020
Long-term follow-up outcomes of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: a longitudinal pooled analysis of six phase 2 trials.
    Psychopharmacology, 2020, Volume: 237, Issue:8

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Cross-Over Studies; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind

2020
Long-term follow-up outcomes of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: a longitudinal pooled analysis of six phase 2 trials.
    Psychopharmacology, 2020, Volume: 237, Issue:8

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Cross-Over Studies; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind

2020
Long-term follow-up outcomes of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: a longitudinal pooled analysis of six phase 2 trials.
    Psychopharmacology, 2020, Volume: 237, Issue:8

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Cross-Over Studies; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind

2020
Long-term follow-up outcomes of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: a longitudinal pooled analysis of six phase 2 trials.
    Psychopharmacology, 2020, Volume: 237, Issue:8

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Cross-Over Studies; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind

2020
Long-term follow-up outcomes of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: a longitudinal pooled analysis of six phase 2 trials.
    Psychopharmacology, 2020, Volume: 237, Issue:8

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Cross-Over Studies; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind

2020
Long-term follow-up outcomes of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: a longitudinal pooled analysis of six phase 2 trials.
    Psychopharmacology, 2020, Volume: 237, Issue:8

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Cross-Over Studies; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind

2020
Long-term follow-up outcomes of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: a longitudinal pooled analysis of six phase 2 trials.
    Psychopharmacology, 2020, Volume: 237, Issue:8

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Cross-Over Studies; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind

2020
Long-term follow-up outcomes of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: a longitudinal pooled analysis of six phase 2 trials.
    Psychopharmacology, 2020, Volume: 237, Issue:8

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Cross-Over Studies; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind

2020
Long-term follow-up outcomes of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: a longitudinal pooled analysis of six phase 2 trials.
    Psychopharmacology, 2020, Volume: 237, Issue:8

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Cross-Over Studies; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind

2020
Long-term follow-up outcomes of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: a longitudinal pooled analysis of six phase 2 trials.
    Psychopharmacology, 2020, Volume: 237, Issue:8

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Cross-Over Studies; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind

2020
Long-term follow-up outcomes of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: a longitudinal pooled analysis of six phase 2 trials.
    Psychopharmacology, 2020, Volume: 237, Issue:8

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Cross-Over Studies; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind

2020
Long-term follow-up outcomes of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: a longitudinal pooled analysis of six phase 2 trials.
    Psychopharmacology, 2020, Volume: 237, Issue:8

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Cross-Over Studies; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind

2020
Long-term follow-up outcomes of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: a longitudinal pooled analysis of six phase 2 trials.
    Psychopharmacology, 2020, Volume: 237, Issue:8

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Cross-Over Studies; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind

2020
Long-term follow-up outcomes of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: a longitudinal pooled analysis of six phase 2 trials.
    Psychopharmacology, 2020, Volume: 237, Issue:8

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Cross-Over Studies; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind

2020
Long-term follow-up outcomes of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: a longitudinal pooled analysis of six phase 2 trials.
    Psychopharmacology, 2020, Volume: 237, Issue:8

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Cross-Over Studies; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind

2020
Long-term follow-up outcomes of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: a longitudinal pooled analysis of six phase 2 trials.
    Psychopharmacology, 2020, Volume: 237, Issue:8

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Cross-Over Studies; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind

2020
Long-term follow-up outcomes of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: a longitudinal pooled analysis of six phase 2 trials.
    Psychopharmacology, 2020, Volume: 237, Issue:8

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Cross-Over Studies; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind

2020
Long-term follow-up outcomes of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: a longitudinal pooled analysis of six phase 2 trials.
    Psychopharmacology, 2020, Volume: 237, Issue:8

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Cross-Over Studies; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind

2020
Long-term follow-up outcomes of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: a longitudinal pooled analysis of six phase 2 trials.
    Psychopharmacology, 2020, Volume: 237, Issue:8

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Cross-Over Studies; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind

2020
MDMA-assisted therapy for severe PTSD: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 study.
    Nature medicine, 2021, Volume: 27, Issue:6

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Double-Blind Method; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactio

2021
MDMA-assisted therapy for severe PTSD: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 study.
    Nature medicine, 2021, Volume: 27, Issue:6

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Double-Blind Method; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactio

2021
MDMA-assisted therapy for severe PTSD: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 study.
    Nature medicine, 2021, Volume: 27, Issue:6

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Double-Blind Method; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactio

2021
MDMA-assisted therapy for severe PTSD: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 study.
    Nature medicine, 2021, Volume: 27, Issue:6

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Double-Blind Method; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactio

2021
MDMA-assisted therapy for severe PTSD: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 study.
    Nature medicine, 2021, Volume: 27, Issue:6

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Double-Blind Method; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactio

2021
MDMA-assisted therapy for severe PTSD: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 study.
    Nature medicine, 2021, Volume: 27, Issue:6

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Double-Blind Method; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactio

2021
MDMA-assisted therapy for severe PTSD: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 study.
    Nature medicine, 2021, Volume: 27, Issue:6

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Double-Blind Method; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactio

2021
MDMA-assisted therapy for severe PTSD: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 study.
    Nature medicine, 2021, Volume: 27, Issue:6

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Double-Blind Method; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactio

2021
MDMA-assisted therapy for severe PTSD: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 study.
    Nature medicine, 2021, Volume: 27, Issue:6

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Double-Blind Method; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactio

2021
MDMA-assisted therapy for severe PTSD: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 study.
    Nature medicine, 2021, Volume: 27, Issue:6

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Double-Blind Method; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactio

2021
MDMA-assisted therapy for severe PTSD: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 study.
    Nature medicine, 2021, Volume: 27, Issue:6

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Double-Blind Method; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactio

2021
MDMA-assisted therapy for severe PTSD: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 study.
    Nature medicine, 2021, Volume: 27, Issue:6

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Double-Blind Method; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactio

2021
MDMA-assisted therapy for severe PTSD: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 study.
    Nature medicine, 2021, Volume: 27, Issue:6

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Double-Blind Method; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactio

2021
MDMA-assisted therapy for severe PTSD: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 study.
    Nature medicine, 2021, Volume: 27, Issue:6

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Double-Blind Method; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactio

2021
MDMA-assisted therapy for severe PTSD: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 study.
    Nature medicine, 2021, Volume: 27, Issue:6

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Double-Blind Method; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactio

2021
MDMA-assisted therapy for severe PTSD: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 study.
    Nature medicine, 2021, Volume: 27, Issue:6

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Double-Blind Method; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactio

2021
Sleep Quality Improvements After MDMA-Assisted Psychotherapy for the Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.
    Journal of traumatic stress, 2021, Volume: 34, Issue:4

    Topics: Combined Modality Therapy; Humans; N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine; Psychotherapy; Sleep; Sle

2021
Therapeutic effect of increased openness: Investigating mechanism of action in MDMA-assisted psychotherapy.
    Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England), 2017, Volume: 31, Issue:8

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Female; Hallucinogens; Humans; Male; N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyam

2017
3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)-assisted psychotherapy for post-traumatic stress disorder in military veterans, firefighters, and police officers: a randomised, double-blind, dose-response, phase 2 clinical trial.
    The lancet. Psychiatry, 2018, Volume: 5, Issue:6

    Topics: Adult; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; Firefighters; Humans; N-Methyl-3,4-met

2018
3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)-assisted psychotherapy for post-traumatic stress disorder in military veterans, firefighters, and police officers: a randomised, double-blind, dose-response, phase 2 clinical trial.
    The lancet. Psychiatry, 2018, Volume: 5, Issue:6

    Topics: Adult; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; Firefighters; Humans; N-Methyl-3,4-met

2018
3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)-assisted psychotherapy for post-traumatic stress disorder in military veterans, firefighters, and police officers: a randomised, double-blind, dose-response, phase 2 clinical trial.
    The lancet. Psychiatry, 2018, Volume: 5, Issue:6

    Topics: Adult; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; Firefighters; Humans; N-Methyl-3,4-met

2018
3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)-assisted psychotherapy for post-traumatic stress disorder in military veterans, firefighters, and police officers: a randomised, double-blind, dose-response, phase 2 clinical trial.
    The lancet. Psychiatry, 2018, Volume: 5, Issue:6

    Topics: Adult; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; Firefighters; Humans; N-Methyl-3,4-met

2018
3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of chronic posttraumatic stress disorder: A randomized phase 2 controlled trial.
    Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England), 2018, Volume: 32, Issue:12

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Combined Modality Therapy; Cross-Over Studies; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double

2018
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: study design and rationale for phase 3 trials based on pooled analysis of six phase 2 randomized controlled trials.
    Psychopharmacology, 2019, Volume: 236, Issue:9

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Midd

2019
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: study design and rationale for phase 3 trials based on pooled analysis of six phase 2 randomized controlled trials.
    Psychopharmacology, 2019, Volume: 236, Issue:9

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Midd

2019
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: study design and rationale for phase 3 trials based on pooled analysis of six phase 2 randomized controlled trials.
    Psychopharmacology, 2019, Volume: 236, Issue:9

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Midd

2019
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: study design and rationale for phase 3 trials based on pooled analysis of six phase 2 randomized controlled trials.
    Psychopharmacology, 2019, Volume: 236, Issue:9

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Midd

2019
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: study design and rationale for phase 3 trials based on pooled analysis of six phase 2 randomized controlled trials.
    Psychopharmacology, 2019, Volume: 236, Issue:9

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Midd

2019
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: study design and rationale for phase 3 trials based on pooled analysis of six phase 2 randomized controlled trials.
    Psychopharmacology, 2019, Volume: 236, Issue:9

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Midd

2019
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: study design and rationale for phase 3 trials based on pooled analysis of six phase 2 randomized controlled trials.
    Psychopharmacology, 2019, Volume: 236, Issue:9

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Midd

2019
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: study design and rationale for phase 3 trials based on pooled analysis of six phase 2 randomized controlled trials.
    Psychopharmacology, 2019, Volume: 236, Issue:9

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Midd

2019
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: study design and rationale for phase 3 trials based on pooled analysis of six phase 2 randomized controlled trials.
    Psychopharmacology, 2019, Volume: 236, Issue:9

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Midd

2019
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: study design and rationale for phase 3 trials based on pooled analysis of six phase 2 randomized controlled trials.
    Psychopharmacology, 2019, Volume: 236, Issue:9

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Midd

2019
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: study design and rationale for phase 3 trials based on pooled analysis of six phase 2 randomized controlled trials.
    Psychopharmacology, 2019, Volume: 236, Issue:9

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Midd

2019
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: study design and rationale for phase 3 trials based on pooled analysis of six phase 2 randomized controlled trials.
    Psychopharmacology, 2019, Volume: 236, Issue:9

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Midd

2019
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: study design and rationale for phase 3 trials based on pooled analysis of six phase 2 randomized controlled trials.
    Psychopharmacology, 2019, Volume: 236, Issue:9

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Midd

2019
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: study design and rationale for phase 3 trials based on pooled analysis of six phase 2 randomized controlled trials.
    Psychopharmacology, 2019, Volume: 236, Issue:9

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Midd

2019
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: study design and rationale for phase 3 trials based on pooled analysis of six phase 2 randomized controlled trials.
    Psychopharmacology, 2019, Volume: 236, Issue:9

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Midd

2019
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: study design and rationale for phase 3 trials based on pooled analysis of six phase 2 randomized controlled trials.
    Psychopharmacology, 2019, Volume: 236, Issue:9

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Midd

2019
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: study design and rationale for phase 3 trials based on pooled analysis of six phase 2 randomized controlled trials.
    Psychopharmacology, 2019, Volume: 236, Issue:9

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Midd

2019
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: study design and rationale for phase 3 trials based on pooled analysis of six phase 2 randomized controlled trials.
    Psychopharmacology, 2019, Volume: 236, Issue:9

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Midd

2019
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: study design and rationale for phase 3 trials based on pooled analysis of six phase 2 randomized controlled trials.
    Psychopharmacology, 2019, Volume: 236, Issue:9

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Midd

2019
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: study design and rationale for phase 3 trials based on pooled analysis of six phase 2 randomized controlled trials.
    Psychopharmacology, 2019, Volume: 236, Issue:9

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Midd

2019
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: study design and rationale for phase 3 trials based on pooled analysis of six phase 2 randomized controlled trials.
    Psychopharmacology, 2019, Volume: 236, Issue:9

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Midd

2019
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: study design and rationale for phase 3 trials based on pooled analysis of six phase 2 randomized controlled trials.
    Psychopharmacology, 2019, Volume: 236, Issue:9

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Midd

2019
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: study design and rationale for phase 3 trials based on pooled analysis of six phase 2 randomized controlled trials.
    Psychopharmacology, 2019, Volume: 236, Issue:9

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Midd

2019
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: study design and rationale for phase 3 trials based on pooled analysis of six phase 2 randomized controlled trials.
    Psychopharmacology, 2019, Volume: 236, Issue:9

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Midd

2019
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: study design and rationale for phase 3 trials based on pooled analysis of six phase 2 randomized controlled trials.
    Psychopharmacology, 2019, Volume: 236, Issue:9

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Midd

2019
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: study design and rationale for phase 3 trials based on pooled analysis of six phase 2 randomized controlled trials.
    Psychopharmacology, 2019, Volume: 236, Issue:9

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Midd

2019
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: study design and rationale for phase 3 trials based on pooled analysis of six phase 2 randomized controlled trials.
    Psychopharmacology, 2019, Volume: 236, Issue:9

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Midd

2019
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: study design and rationale for phase 3 trials based on pooled analysis of six phase 2 randomized controlled trials.
    Psychopharmacology, 2019, Volume: 236, Issue:9

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Midd

2019
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: study design and rationale for phase 3 trials based on pooled analysis of six phase 2 randomized controlled trials.
    Psychopharmacology, 2019, Volume: 236, Issue:9

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Midd

2019
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: study design and rationale for phase 3 trials based on pooled analysis of six phase 2 randomized controlled trials.
    Psychopharmacology, 2019, Volume: 236, Issue:9

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Midd

2019
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: study design and rationale for phase 3 trials based on pooled analysis of six phase 2 randomized controlled trials.
    Psychopharmacology, 2019, Volume: 236, Issue:9

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Midd

2019
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: study design and rationale for phase 3 trials based on pooled analysis of six phase 2 randomized controlled trials.
    Psychopharmacology, 2019, Volume: 236, Issue:9

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Midd

2019
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: study design and rationale for phase 3 trials based on pooled analysis of six phase 2 randomized controlled trials.
    Psychopharmacology, 2019, Volume: 236, Issue:9

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Midd

2019
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: study design and rationale for phase 3 trials based on pooled analysis of six phase 2 randomized controlled trials.
    Psychopharmacology, 2019, Volume: 236, Issue:9

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Midd

2019
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: study design and rationale for phase 3 trials based on pooled analysis of six phase 2 randomized controlled trials.
    Psychopharmacology, 2019, Volume: 236, Issue:9

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Midd

2019
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: study design and rationale for phase 3 trials based on pooled analysis of six phase 2 randomized controlled trials.
    Psychopharmacology, 2019, Volume: 236, Issue:9

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Midd

2019
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: study design and rationale for phase 3 trials based on pooled analysis of six phase 2 randomized controlled trials.
    Psychopharmacology, 2019, Volume: 236, Issue:9

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Midd

2019
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: study design and rationale for phase 3 trials based on pooled analysis of six phase 2 randomized controlled trials.
    Psychopharmacology, 2019, Volume: 236, Issue:9

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Midd

2019
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: study design and rationale for phase 3 trials based on pooled analysis of six phase 2 randomized controlled trials.
    Psychopharmacology, 2019, Volume: 236, Issue:9

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Midd

2019
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: study design and rationale for phase 3 trials based on pooled analysis of six phase 2 randomized controlled trials.
    Psychopharmacology, 2019, Volume: 236, Issue:9

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Midd

2019
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: study design and rationale for phase 3 trials based on pooled analysis of six phase 2 randomized controlled trials.
    Psychopharmacology, 2019, Volume: 236, Issue:9

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Midd

2019
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: study design and rationale for phase 3 trials based on pooled analysis of six phase 2 randomized controlled trials.
    Psychopharmacology, 2019, Volume: 236, Issue:9

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Midd

2019
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: study design and rationale for phase 3 trials based on pooled analysis of six phase 2 randomized controlled trials.
    Psychopharmacology, 2019, Volume: 236, Issue:9

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Midd

2019
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: study design and rationale for phase 3 trials based on pooled analysis of six phase 2 randomized controlled trials.
    Psychopharmacology, 2019, Volume: 236, Issue:9

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Midd

2019
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: study design and rationale for phase 3 trials based on pooled analysis of six phase 2 randomized controlled trials.
    Psychopharmacology, 2019, Volume: 236, Issue:9

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Midd

2019
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: study design and rationale for phase 3 trials based on pooled analysis of six phase 2 randomized controlled trials.
    Psychopharmacology, 2019, Volume: 236, Issue:9

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Midd

2019
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: study design and rationale for phase 3 trials based on pooled analysis of six phase 2 randomized controlled trials.
    Psychopharmacology, 2019, Volume: 236, Issue:9

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Midd

2019
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: study design and rationale for phase 3 trials based on pooled analysis of six phase 2 randomized controlled trials.
    Psychopharmacology, 2019, Volume: 236, Issue:9

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Midd

2019
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: study design and rationale for phase 3 trials based on pooled analysis of six phase 2 randomized controlled trials.
    Psychopharmacology, 2019, Volume: 236, Issue:9

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Midd

2019
Effects of 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine on Patient Utterances in a Psychotherapeutic Setting.
    The Journal of nervous and mental disease, 2016, Volume: 204, Issue:7

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Male; N-Methyl-3,4-methylened

2016
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy using low doses in a small sample of women with chronic posttraumatic stress disorder.
    Journal of psychoactive drugs, 2008, Volume: 40, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Chronic Disease; Combined Modality Therapy; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Me

2008
The safety and efficacy of {+/-}3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine-assisted psychotherapy in subjects with chronic, treatment-resistant posttraumatic stress disorder: the first randomized controlled pilot study.
    Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England), 2011, Volume: 25, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Cross-Over Studies; Double-Blind Method; Fear; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Music

2011
The safety and efficacy of {+/-}3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine-assisted psychotherapy in subjects with chronic, treatment-resistant posttraumatic stress disorder: the first randomized controlled pilot study.
    Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England), 2011, Volume: 25, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Cross-Over Studies; Double-Blind Method; Fear; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Music

2011
The safety and efficacy of {+/-}3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine-assisted psychotherapy in subjects with chronic, treatment-resistant posttraumatic stress disorder: the first randomized controlled pilot study.
    Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England), 2011, Volume: 25, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Cross-Over Studies; Double-Blind Method; Fear; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Music

2011
The safety and efficacy of {+/-}3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine-assisted psychotherapy in subjects with chronic, treatment-resistant posttraumatic stress disorder: the first randomized controlled pilot study.
    Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England), 2011, Volume: 25, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Cross-Over Studies; Double-Blind Method; Fear; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Music

2011
The safety and efficacy of {+/-}3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine-assisted psychotherapy in subjects with chronic, treatment-resistant posttraumatic stress disorder: the first randomized controlled pilot study.
    Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England), 2011, Volume: 25, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Cross-Over Studies; Double-Blind Method; Fear; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Music

2011
The safety and efficacy of {+/-}3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine-assisted psychotherapy in subjects with chronic, treatment-resistant posttraumatic stress disorder: the first randomized controlled pilot study.
    Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England), 2011, Volume: 25, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Cross-Over Studies; Double-Blind Method; Fear; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Music

2011
The safety and efficacy of {+/-}3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine-assisted psychotherapy in subjects with chronic, treatment-resistant posttraumatic stress disorder: the first randomized controlled pilot study.
    Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England), 2011, Volume: 25, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Cross-Over Studies; Double-Blind Method; Fear; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Music

2011
The safety and efficacy of {+/-}3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine-assisted psychotherapy in subjects with chronic, treatment-resistant posttraumatic stress disorder: the first randomized controlled pilot study.
    Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England), 2011, Volume: 25, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Cross-Over Studies; Double-Blind Method; Fear; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Music

2011
The safety and efficacy of {+/-}3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine-assisted psychotherapy in subjects with chronic, treatment-resistant posttraumatic stress disorder: the first randomized controlled pilot study.
    Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England), 2011, Volume: 25, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Cross-Over Studies; Double-Blind Method; Fear; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Music

2011
A randomized, controlled pilot study of MDMA (± 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine)-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of resistant, chronic Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD).
    Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England), 2013, Volume: 27, Issue:1

    Topics: Adult; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Mal

2013
Durability of improvement in post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms and absence of harmful effects or drug dependency after 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine-assisted psychotherapy: a prospective long-term follow-up study.
    Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England), 2013, Volume: 27, Issue:1

    Topics: Adult; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Illicit Drugs; Male; N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamin

2013
Durability of improvement in post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms and absence of harmful effects or drug dependency after 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine-assisted psychotherapy: a prospective long-term follow-up study.
    Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England), 2013, Volume: 27, Issue:1

    Topics: Adult; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Illicit Drugs; Male; N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamin

2013
Durability of improvement in post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms and absence of harmful effects or drug dependency after 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine-assisted psychotherapy: a prospective long-term follow-up study.
    Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England), 2013, Volume: 27, Issue:1

    Topics: Adult; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Illicit Drugs; Male; N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamin

2013
Durability of improvement in post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms and absence of harmful effects or drug dependency after 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine-assisted psychotherapy: a prospective long-term follow-up study.
    Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England), 2013, Volume: 27, Issue:1

    Topics: Adult; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Illicit Drugs; Male; N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamin

2013

Other Studies

43 other studies available for n-methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine and Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic

ArticleYear
Three regulatory compliant test systems show no signs of MDMA-related genotoxicity.
    Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England), 2021, Volume: 35, Issue:11

    Topics: Animals; CHO Cells; Chromosome Aberrations; Cricetulus; Escherichia coli; Female; Male; Mutagenicity

2021
Psychotherapy-supported MDMA treatment for PTSD.
    Cell reports. Medicine, 2021, 08-17, Volume: 2, Issue:8

    Topics: Combined Modality Therapy; Humans; Medicine; N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine; Psychotherapy;

2021
Self-reported PTSD is associated with increased use of MDMA in adolescents with substance use disorders.
    European journal of psychotraumatology, 2021, Volume: 12, Issue:1

    Topics: Adolescent; Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry); Germany; Hallucinogens; Humans; N-Methyl-3,4-methylenediox

2021
Challenges with benchmarking of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy.
    Nature medicine, 2021, Volume: 27, Issue:10

    Topics: Benchmarking; Humans; N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine; Psychotherapy; Stress Disorders, Post-

2021
Updated cost-effectiveness of MDMA-assisted therapy for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder in the United States: Findings from a phase 3 trial.
    PloS one, 2022, Volume: 17, Issue:2

    Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Adult; Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Female

2022
The Costs and Health Benefits of Expanded Access to MDMA-assisted Therapy for Chronic and Severe PTSD in the USA: A Modeling Study.
    Clinical drug investigation, 2022, Volume: 42, Issue:3

    Topics: Cost-Benefit Analysis; Humans; N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine; Psychotherapy; Quality-Adjust

2022
MDMA treatment paired with a trauma-cue promotes adaptive stress responses in a translational model of PTSD in rats.
    Translational psychiatry, 2022, 05-03, Volume: 12, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Cues; Disease Models, Animal; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System; N-Methyl

2022
The promise of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) in combination with prolonged exposure therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder.
    Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 2023, Volume: 48, Issue:1

    Topics: Hallucinogens; Humans; Implosive Therapy; N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine; Stress Disorders,

2023
Assessing the quality of publicly available videos on MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for PTSD.
    The American journal on addictions, 2022, Volume: 31, Issue:6

    Topics: Humans; N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine; Psychotherapy; Reproducibility of Results; Social Me

2022
Coping motives mediate the relationship between PTSD and MDMA use in adolescents with substance use disorders.
    Addiction science & clinical practice, 2022, 09-04, Volume: 17, Issue:1

    Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Adolescent; Female; Humans; Male; N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine;

2022
Premise, promise and challenges of MDMA assisted therapy for PTSD.
    European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 2023, Volume: 70

    Topics: Combined Modality Therapy; Hallucinogens; Humans; N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine; Psychother

2023
Australia to prescribe MDMA and psilocybin for PTSD and depression in world first.
    Nature, 2023, Volume: 619, Issue:7969

    Topics: Australia; Depression; Drug Approval; Humans; N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine; Psilocybin; St

2023
Australia's approval of MDMA and psilocybin for PTSD and depression is premature, say critics.
    BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 2023, 07-11, Volume: 382

    Topics: Australia; Depression; Humans; N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine; Psilocybin; Stress Disorders,

2023
Expectancy Effects Cannot Be Neglected in MDMA-Assisted Therapy Research.
    ACS chemical neuroscience, 2023, 12-06, Volume: 14, Issue:23

    Topics: Combined Modality Therapy; Humans; N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine; Psychotherapy; Stress Dis

2023
News Brief: MDMA therapy for PTSD.
    The American journal of nursing, 2023, 12-01, Volume: 123, Issue:12

    Topics: Humans; N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic

2023
Is the 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine assisted psychotherapy a novel approach to managing post-traumatic stress disorder?
    JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 2019, Volume: 69, Issue:8

    Topics: Combined Modality Therapy; Humans; N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine; Psychotherapy; Serotonin

2019
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for posttraumatic stress disorder: A promising novel approach to treatment.
    Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 2020, Volume: 45, Issue:1

    Topics: Combined Modality Therapy; Hallucinogens; Humans; N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine; Psychother

2020
The cost-effectiveness of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for the treatment of chronic, treatment-resistant PTSD.
    PloS one, 2020, Volume: 15, Issue:10

    Topics: Adult; Chronic Disease; Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Double-Blind Meth

2020
The potential use of N-methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDMA) assisted psychotherapy in the treatment of eating disorders comorbid with PTSD.
    Medical hypotheses, 2021, Volume: 146

    Topics: Combined Modality Therapy; Feeding and Eating Disorders; Humans; N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetam

2021
Discontinuation of medications classified as reuptake inhibitors affects treatment response of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy.
    Psychopharmacology, 2021, Volume: 238, Issue:2

    Topics: Adult; Antidepressive Agents; Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic; Combined Modality Therapy; Double-

2021
How ecstasy and psilocybin are shaking up psychiatry.
    Nature, 2021, Volume: 589, Issue:7843

    Topics: Animals; Certification; Clinical Trials as Topic; Depression; Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resista

2021
Concomitant drugs associated with increased mortality for MDMA users reported in a drug safety surveillance database.
    Scientific reports, 2021, 03-16, Volume: 11, Issue:1

    Topics: Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems; Antidepressive Agents; Cause of Death; Databases, Factual;

2021
Acute subjective effects in LSD- and MDMA-assisted psychotherapy.
    Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England), 2021, Volume: 35, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Compassionate Use Trials; Consciousness Disorders; Depressive Diso

2021
MDMA does not alter responses to the Trier Social Stress Test in humans.
    Psychopharmacology, 2017, Volume: 234, Issue:14

    Topics: Anxiety; Blood Pressure; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Exercise Test; Hallucinogens; Heart Rate

2017
Inhibition of serotonin transporters disrupts the enhancement of fear memory extinction by 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA).
    Psychopharmacology, 2017, Volume: 234, Issue:19

    Topics: Animals; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Extinction, Psychological; Fear; Male; Memory; Mice; Mice

2017
Psychedelics and related drugs: therapeutic possibilities, mechanisms and regulation.
    Psychopharmacology, 2018, Volume: 235, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Brain; Hallucinogens; Humans; Mental Disorders; N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine; Str

2018
The re-emergence of hallucinogenic research.
    Perspectives in psychiatric care, 2018, Volume: 54, Issue:4

    Topics: Hallucinogens; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Humans; N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamph

2018
3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)-assisted psychotherapy for post-traumatic stress disorder in service personnel.
    The lancet. Psychiatry, 2018, Volume: 5, Issue:6

    Topics: Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Military Personnel; N-Meth

2018
Regular MDMA use is associated with decreased risk of drug injection among street-involved youth who use illicit drugs.
    Drug and alcohol dependence, 2018, 11-01, Volume: 192

    Topics: Adolescent; Canada; Cohort Studies; Female; Hallucinogens; Homeless Youth; Humans; Illicit Drugs; Ma

2018
MDMA assisted psychotherapy found to have a large effect for chronic post-traumatic stress disorder.
    Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England), 2013, Volume: 27, Issue:9

    Topics: Female; Humans; Male; N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine; Psychotherapy; Stress Disorders, Post-

2013
Reply to the letter to the editor by H Chabrol.
    Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England), 2013, Volume: 27, Issue:9

    Topics: Female; Humans; Male; N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine; Psychotherapy; Stress Disorders, Post-

2013
Can ecstasy treat the agony of PTSD?
    Science (New York, N.Y.), 2014, Jul-04, Volume: 345, Issue:6192

    Topics: Brain; Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic; Humans; N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine; Receptors

2014
Making a medicine out of MDMA.
    The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 2015, Volume: 206, Issue:1

    Topics: Humans; N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic

2015
Therapeutic potential of psychedelic agents.
    The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 2015, Volume: 206, Issue:5

    Topics: Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant; Hallucinogens; Humans; N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetam

2015
Turn on and tune in to evidence-based psychedelic research.
    The lancet. Psychiatry, 2015, Volume: 2, Issue:1

    Topics: Anxiety Disorders; Biomedical Research; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; Hallucinogens; Humans; Lysergic Acid

2015
Potential Psychiatric Uses for MDMA.
    Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, 2017, Volume: 101, Issue:2

    Topics: Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors; Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic; Humans; N-Methyl-3,4-methylenediox

2017
How could MDMA (ecstasy) help anxiety disorders? A neurobiological rationale.
    Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England), 2009, Volume: 23, Issue:4

    Topics: Anxiety Disorders; Avoidance Learning; Brain; Empathy; Fear; Humans; N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamph

2009
[Therapeutic investigation with MDMA (ecstasy)].
    Medicina clinica, 2003, Sep-13, Volume: 121, Issue:8

    Topics: Adult; Clinical Trials as Topic; Combined Modality Therapy; Female; Hallucinogens; Humans; N-Methyl-

2003
Psychedelic drugs: the ups and downs of ecstasy.
    Nature, 2004, May-13, Volume: 429, Issue:6988

    Topics: Agaricales; Animals; Anxiety; Brain; Cactaceae; Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic; Female; Halluci

2004
[Ecstasy: is it innocuous?].
    Medicina clinica, 2005, Apr-23, Volume: 124, Issue:15

    Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Clinical Trials as Topic; Cognition

2005
Psychiatric disorders and their correlates among young adult MDMA users in Ohio.
    Journal of psychoactive drugs, 2006, Volume: 38, Issue:1

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Analysis of Variance; Depressive Disorder; Female; Humans; Interviews as Topic; M

2006
Research on psychedelics moves into the mainstream.
    Lancet (London, England), 2008, May-03, Volume: 371, Issue:9623

    Topics: Cluster Headache; Hallucinogens; Humans; N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine; Pilot Projects; Psy

2008
Ecstasy (MDMA) dependence.
    Drug and alcohol dependence, 1999, Jan-07, Volume: 53, Issue:2

    Topics: Adult; Hallucinogens; Humans; Male; N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine; Seizures; Self Medicatio

1999