myelin-basic-protein and Sarcoma

Immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase (peroxidase-antiperoxidase, PAP) techniques for the demonstration of neural and non-neural cell markers are contributing greatly to increase the diagnostic accuracy of difficult tumors of the central nervous system. Well characterized nervous system markers include glial fibrillary acidic (GFA) protein, the three protein subunits of neurofilaments, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), myelin basic protein, and S-100 protein. The most important and reliable of these is GFA protein, which is widely in use for the immunohistochemical diagnosis of tumors of the glioma group. Its many practical applications are reviewed and illustrated. Other neural markers, in particular the specificity of NSE and S-100 protein, need to be critically evaluated. Problems related to the immunohistochemical diagnosis of central neuroepithelial tumors of putative neuroblastic origin remain complex and still need to be resolved. Non-neural markers, such as vimentin, desmin, cytokeratins, Factor VIII, alpha-fetoprotein, human chorionic gonadotropin, and immunoglobulins have well defined, although more restricted, applications in surgical neuropathology.

Topics: alpha-Fetoproteins; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antigens; Carcinoma; Central Nervous System Diseases; Chorionic Gonadotropin; Cytoskeleton; Desmin; Factor VIII; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Immune Sera; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Immunoglobulins; Intermediate Filament Proteins; Keratins; Lymphoma; Medical Oncology; Meningeal Neoplasms; Myelin Basic Protein; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasms; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal; Neurology; Oligodendroglia; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase; S100 Proteins; Sarcoma; Vascular Diseases; Vimentin; von Willebrand Factor

The collective expression of five antigens produced in immature or mature myelin-producing glia was evaluated in nerve sheath tumors and spindle cell sarcomas with histologic features of schwannomas. Myelin-associated glycoprotein (Leu-7), myelin basic-protein (MBP), S100-protein, and, in most cases, glial-fibrillary acidic-protein (GFAP) and HLA-DR/Ia (LN3) immunoreactivity were evaluated immunohistochemically using commercially available antibodies on 53 benign nerve sheath tumors and 12 sarcomas. Leu-7 immunoreactivity was detected by a monoclonal antibody in 12 of 16 schwannomas, 12 of 20 neurofibromas, and 17 of 17 traumatic neuromas. No Leu-7 positivity was seen in the sarcomas. Distinct heavy MBP immunoreactivity, assessed using polyclonal antibodies, was identified only in all 17 traumatic neuromas. Extensive S100-protein positivity was seen in 15 of 16 schwannomas, 17 of 20 neurofibromas, and 17 of 17 traumatic neuromas. Extensive LN3 immunoreactivity was seen in Schwann cells of 50% of the nerve sheath tumors analyzed; however, it was also present in associated interdigitating reticulum cells; GFAP immunoreactivity was not detected. These data suggest that Leu-7 is an important marker of Schwann cell neoplasms, although it is not superior to S100 protein. Moreover, combined immunohistochemical evaluation of potential Schwann cell markers including Leu-7, MBP, GFAP, and LN3 using commercially available antibodies offers no advantage over analysis of S100-protein immunoreactivity alone.

Topics: Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte; Antigens, Neoplasm; Fibrosarcoma; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; Histocompatibility Antigens Class II; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Leiomyosarcoma; Myelin Basic Protein; Myelin Proteins; Myelin Sheath; Myelin-Associated Glycoprotein; Neoplasm Proteins; Nervous System Neoplasms; Neurilemmoma; Neurofibroma; S100 Proteins; Sarcoma; Schwann Cells

To date, the histogenesis of alveolar soft part sarcoma has been considered to be of paraganglioma origin, striated muscle cell origin, or as a malignant granular cell myoblastoma, neural neoplasm, or renin-producing tumor. Further studies for these existing theories were performed based on various methods. The negative formaldehyde-induced fluorescence and the immunohistochemical absence of neuron-specific enolase were against the paraganglioma theory. The immunohistochemical absence of myelin proteins (P2 protein and PO protein) and S-100 protein were against the malignant granular cell myoblastoma and neural neoplasm theory. Furthermore, there was a totally negative immunohistochemical finding for renin in the tumor cells, and the biochemical relationship of the tumor and renin was completely negated. The contradiction in a well-known report that the components of crystals were considered to be Z-band materials such as tropomyosin was referred to based on recent myological data. Concurrently, the absence of tropomyosin was immunohistochemically demonstrated. Hence, the issues on the histogenesis of alveolar soft part sarcoma and the identity of the characteristic crystalloids remain open for discussion.

Topics: Adult; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Myelin Basic Protein; Myelin P0 Protein; Myelin P2 Protein; Myelin Proteins; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase; Renin; S100 Proteins; Sarcoma; Soft Tissue Neoplasms; Tropomyosin

In the present report investigations for cellular sensitization against Jensen-sarcoma of the white rat are performed. Macrophage-Adherence-Inhibition-Test according to Halliday and Miller in a modification according to Schimke was the applied test. A significant adherence-inhibition of peritoneal cells of tumor-bearing rats was found in comparison to control animals with a plateau on day 12 after transplantation and a praemortal eclipse phenomenon from day 19 after inoculation with tumor cells. The concentration of immune complexes shows the same manner, but was especially high in animals with small or not-taken tumors, whereas MAI-index was similar to that of the control group. Antibody production against the tumor could not be detected with Ouchterlony-precipitation. Non-specific immunotherapy with DNCB and BCG as well as therapy with soluble tumorantigen in KFA and insoluble polymerized extracts in 2 TU PPD were unsuccessful to prevent the development of tumors in the model.

Topics: Animals; Antigens, Neoplasm; Cell Adhesion; Female; Humans; Macrophages; Male; Myelin Basic Protein; Neoplasm Transplantation; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Sarcoma; Sarcoma, Experimental; Testicular Neoplasms

Topics: Antigens, Neoplasm; Cell Migration Inhibition; Humans; Isoantigens; Lymphocytes; Lymphokines; Macrophages; Myelin Basic Protein; Sarcoma; Stomach Neoplasms