mycophenolic-acid and Vitamin-D-Deficiency

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a pathologic condition that represents many disease entities. The goals of therapy are to cure the disease. When this is not possible, the secondary goals are to reduce proteinuria to avoid the complications of nephrotic syndrome and to delay progression of kidney disease. Proteinuria remission is one of the most important independent predictors of kidney survival. Children with FSGS who do not achieve partial or complete remission have a 50% risk of progression to ESRD within 5 years whereas those who enter complete remission have a 5-year kidney survival rate of 90%. Treatment of idiopathic FSGS commonly involves immune-based and nonimmunologic therapy options. This manuscript will review the current state of FSGS therapy for children.

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; Antihypertensive Agents; Child; Cyclosporine; Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental; Humans; Hypertension; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mycophenolic Acid; Obesity; Rituximab; Tacrolimus; Treatment Outcome; Vitamin D Deficiency

BACKGROUND Correction of hypovitaminosis D is simple, but it is unclear whether it is associated with an accelerated decline of renal allograft function in pediatric renal transplantation patients. This retrospective single center cohort study aimed at analyzing the effect of vitamin D and covariates on the slope of 1/creatinine after the first year. MATERIAL AND METHODS After ethics committee approval, 37 (14 male) pediatric renal transplant recipients on mycophenolate mofetil, who were followed between 2006 and 2014, were included in this study. We analyzed the slope of 1/creatinine, length of follow-up, average vitamin D levels, calcium, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase levels, intact parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels, and therapeutic drug monitoring parameters. RESULTS Median slope of 1/creatinine was -2.587e-006 L/µmol. We divided the 37 patients into two groups based on slope: 18 patients with a poorer slope and 19 patients with a good slope, with the median slope of 1/creatinine being significantly different between the two groups. Creatinine and cystatin C at one-year post-transplantation did not differ between the two groups. Average vitamin D levels were 71.4±31.01 pmol/L and identical in each group (averages 71.67 and 69.23 pmol/L, respectively). Only the mycophenolic acid coefficient of variation (MPA CV), which may promote formation of donor-specific antibodies, and PTH levels were significantly associated with 1/creatinine slope. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that the impact of mild and moderate decreased levels of vitamin D can have a mild impact on the progression of allograft dysfunction in transplant recipients. However, given the medication burden and adherence challenges in adolescents, correction of mildly decreased vitamin D levels may not be necessary.

Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Cohort Studies; Creatinine; Disease Progression; Female; Humans; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Kidney Transplantation; Male; Mycophenolic Acid; Retrospective Studies; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency