muramidase has been researched along with Xerophthalmia* in 15 studies
1 review(s) available for muramidase and Xerophthalmia
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Contact lenses in dry eyes.
This paper considers the dubious role of asymptomatic marginal reduction of tear production in the aetiology of contact lens intolerance and how in the light of our present knowledge and the tests available it is difficult to identify such marginal underproduction of tears. Contact lenses have a possible therapeutic role in the management of established dry eyes with and without conjunctival scarring and destructive corneal changes. All soft contact lenses have been shown to lose a considerable percentage of their fully hydrated water content when put in any eye and the presence of a contact lens in an eye has been shown to increase tear evaporation, irrespective of evaporation from the contact lens. Soft contact lenses would appear to be able to withstand considerable dehydration and yet maintain their optical quality and in the eye with inadequate tears a lens of lower water content will remain hydrated to a reasonable extent for a longer period than one of a higher water content. Contact lenses may be necessary in the dry eye to provide an optical surface to the cornea when it is the site of destructive changes. In the case of the severely dry eye it may be necessary to use a silicone soft lens with no water content in order to obviate the problems of dehydration. There are considerable dangers in such eyes with and without conjunctival and corneal destructive changes and a decision to fit a lens should not be taken lightly and without adequate provision for close follow up. Topics: Conjunctival Diseases; Contact Lenses; Contact Lenses, Hydrophilic; Corneal Diseases; Desiccation; Humans; Muramidase; Pemphigoid, Benign Mucous Membrane; Silicones; Tears; Time Factors; Visual Acuity; Xerophthalmia | 1985 |
1 trial(s) available for muramidase and Xerophthalmia
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Clinical trial of bromhexine in Sjögren's syndrome.
Tear secretion and lysozyme tear content were measured in 30 patients with Sjögren's syndrome after treatment with oral bromhexine, 32 mg/day. In 21 patients (70%) there was a marked increase in tear secretion and in lysozyme content. In patients with keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) good results in clarifying the mucoid eye discharge were obtained. A remarkable amelioration of xerostomia was also noted. Six other patients, serving as controls, were given a placebo and bromhexine. The placebo had no influence on the rate of tear secretion, while bromhexine caused it to increase in 70% of the controls. This side effects of bromhexine treatment encountered in the present study were negligible and transient. We consider bromhexine to be the drug of choice in the treatment of Sjögren's syndrome. Topics: Bromhexine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Humans; Muramidase; Sjogren's Syndrome; Tears; Xerophthalmia; Xerostomia | 1981 |
13 other study(ies) available for muramidase and Xerophthalmia
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Effects of coal dust contiguity on xerophthalmia development.
To study the occurrence of ocular surface diseases on coal miners working under wells and to investigate the relation between xerophthalmia occurrence and coal dust contiguity.. To observe the influence of coal dust to ocular surface by using Schirmer to detect lacrimal gland secreting function, and breakup time of tear film (BUT) to evaluate the stability of lacrimal film and the quantity of lysozyme in lacrimal fluid.. These values were lower for underground coal miners than other workers not contacting coal dust, and showed negative correlation to period of their services.. Conditions in coal miners were worse than that of other workers. Coal dust exposure plays an important role in the development of dry eye. Topics: Adult; Air Pollutants, Occupational; Coal; Coal Mining; Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological; Dust; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Occupational Diseases; Severity of Illness Index; Tears; Time Factors; Xerophthalmia | 2007 |
[Quantitative analysis of tear protein profile for soft contact lenses--a clinical study].
Approximately 3% of the patients with refractive errors wear contact lenses. Recent studies revealed contradictory results regarding the changes of the tear film in contact lens wearers. The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of wearing contact lenses on the tear protein patterns. The study was performed using a new method to analyze quantitatively the tear proteins based on digital image analysis of electrophoretical separations followed by multivariate statistical calculations.. Two groups were examined: 121 healthy volunteers (KO) and 66 wearers of soft contact lenses (KL). The tear proteins were separated by sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). For each electrophoretic lane, a densitograph was built by digital image analysis. Subsequently a multivariate analysis of discriminance was performed.. The concentration of the tear proteins lactoferrin, sIgA, lysozyme and albumin was slightly reduced. In contrast, the concentration of lipocalin was increased in the tears of contact lens wearers (p < 0.07). However, including all peaks found in each electrophoretic lane, the analysis of discriminance found a statistical significant difference between KO and KL (Wilks' Lambda = 0.88; p < 0.0001).. Wearing contact lenses leads to significant changes in the composition of tear-film proteins. However, the pathomechanism of this alteration of the tear film is still unclear. Because of the large number of contact lens wearers, these alterations should be examined further. Topics: Albumins; Case-Control Studies; Contact Lenses, Hydrophilic; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Female; Humans; Immunoglobulin A; Lactoferrin; Male; Muramidase; Proteins; Tears; Xerophthalmia | 2001 |
Clinical diagnosis of the dry eye.
Topics: Biopsy; Conjunctiva; Diagnosis, Differential; Fluorescein; Fluoresceins; Humans; Keratoconjunctivitis; Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca; Lip; Muramidase; Salivary Glands; Sjogren's Syndrome; Staining and Labeling; Tears; Xerophthalmia | 1987 |
Bacteriology and tear protein profiles of the dry eye.
The concentrations of tear lysozyme, lactoferrin, ceruloplasmin, IgA, and IgG have been estimated in patients with dry eyes at the same time as semiquantitative bacterial culture was performed of the conjunctivae and lids. Staphylococcal isolations were quantified and biotyped. There was no increased conjunctival colonisation by any particular biotype of Staphylococcus aureus or Staph. epidermidis, and similar numbers of conjunctivae were sterile as in controls (33%); neither were any pathogens such as pneumococci or haemophili isolated. We consider that the conjunctiva of the dry eye, without the lacrimal secretion components of lysozyme and lactoferrin, has an alternative protective antibacterial mechanism which is derived from serum proteins via chronically inflamed vessels. Topics: Adult; Aged; Ceruloplasmin; Conjunctiva; Eyelids; Humans; Immunoglobulin A; Immunoglobulin G; Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca; Lactoferrin; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Proteins; Staphylococcus aureus; Staphylococcus epidermidis; Tears; Xerophthalmia | 1986 |
The effect of ageing and disease on tear constituents.
An ELISA method is described for measuring the age-related changes of tear lysozyme, lactoferrin, ceruloplasmin, IgA and IgG in normal eyes. The normal levels for these proteins at each age are compared with those from patients with dry and 'questionably dry' eyes, which each have individual profiles, as well as with patients suffering from ocular pemphigoid, chronic non-ulcerative blepharitis and meibomianitis. Results of tear lysozyme assays from patients on various beta-blockers are discussed with the suggested hypothesis that stimulation of beta-receptors per se in the human lacrimal gland is not required for tear protein secretion. The importance of other proteins present in the tear fluid is reviewed. Topics: Adult; Aged; Aging; Blepharitis; Ceruloplasmin; Eyelid Diseases; Humans; Immunoglobulin A; Immunoglobulin G; Keratoconjunctivitis; Labetalol; Lactoferrin; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Pemphigoid, Bullous; Practolol; Propranolol; Tears; Timolol; Xerophthalmia | 1985 |
An improved method for measuring human tear lysozyme concentration.
Previously described methods for measuring human tear lysozyme are fraught with shortcomings. A new method has been devised. Tear fluid was collected on Whatman filter paper discs. Each disc was placed in a tightly capped tube containing sodium phosphate buffer. Fluid from each tube was placed directly into a well of the lysozyme immunodiffusion plate. After the precipitation rings had reached maximum size, their diameters were measured. A linear standard curve was constructed, and lysozyme concentration was expressed as micrograms per milliliter. The tear lysozyme concentration was obtained from the standard curve and corrected for the assay dilution factor. The mean tear lysozyme concentration in 15 normal patients was 1.4 +/- 0.5 mg/mL. In ten patients with dry eyes, the mean was 0.7 +/- 0.5 mg/mL. The method used to collect, store, and transport tears is easily performed in the clinic and readily tolerated by patients. The technique of radial immunodiffusion is reliable and simple, compared with other assays. Topics: Adult; Aged; Humans; Immunodiffusion; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Tears; Xerophthalmia | 1985 |
Diagnostic implications of tear protein profiles.
Concentrations of lysozyme, lactoferrin, ceruloplasmin, IgA, and IgG have been measured in tears by the ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) technique. Tears were collected on weighed filter paper discs, after which they were eluted into buffer and transported frozen to a remote laboratory for assay. Patients with sicca, questionably dry eyes and ocular pemphigoid were sampled, as were 54 normal volunteers. Tear protein profiles were established which were unique for each condition and clearly differed from the normal controls. The assay developed is considered suitable for other proteins such as IgE, and could also be used for monitoring the effects of drugs on the lacrimal gland. Topics: Adult; Aged; Ceruloplasmin; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Eye Diseases; Humans; Immunoglobulin A; Immunoglobulin G; Lactoferrin; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Pemphigoid, Bullous; Proteins; Tears; Xerophthalmia | 1984 |
Lysozyme, alfa-1-antitrypsin and serum albumin in tear fluid of timolol treated glaucoma patients with and without symptoms of dry eyes.
Determination of tear lysozyme, alfa-1-antitrypsin and serum albumin was performed in the tear fluid of 24 glaucoma patients on maintenance treatment with timolol. In 7 patients with symptoms of dry eye decreased levels of tear lysozyme and increased levels of alfa-1-antitrypsin and serum albumin were disclosed in contrast to 17 timolol treated patients without dry eyes and to healthy controls. The timolol treated patients with ocular dryness also showed hyperosmolality of tear fluid, abnormal corneal staining with rose bengal and decreased break-up time and Schirmer-I-test. It is concluded that decreased concentration of tear lysozyme in glaucoma patients on topical treatment with timolol may indicate some impairment of the tear gland function provoked by the treatment. Topics: Aged; alpha 1-Antitrypsin; Female; Glaucoma, Open-Angle; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Serum Albumin; Tears; Timolol; Xerophthalmia | 1981 |
Basal and reflex human tear analysis. II. Chemical analysis: lactoferrin and lysozyme.
Unstimulated basal tears and stimulated tears were collected from normal controls, keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) patients, and contact lens (CL) wearers. Basal tear volume (Periopaper) and reflex tear volume (Schirmer Strip) were measured and tears eluted from their respective strip with a TMED-acetic acid buffer. Lactoferrin and lysozyme concentrations were measured in the eluates. Concentration of lysozyme in basal tears was: 65 +/- 43 mg% in normals; 44 +/- 26 mg% in KCS, and 81 +/- 50 mg% in CL wearers. Concentration of lysozyme in reflex tears was: 160 +/- 73 mg% in normals, 74 +/- 41 mg% in KCS, and 186 +/- 83 mg% in CL wearers. Concentration of lactoferrin in basal tears was 137 +/- 102 mg% in normals, 154 +/- 82 mg% in KCS, and 157 +/- 80 mg% in CL wearers. Concentrations of lactoferrin in reflex tears was: 327 +/- 187 mg% in normals; 171 +/- 69 mg% in KCS, and 302 +/- 160 mg% in CL wearers. The lactoferrin concentration in all tear samples was consistently higher (1.6-3.5 times) than lysozyme. In basal tears, lactoferrin concentrations were not significantly different in the three groups. In reflex tears, however, lactoferrin was significantly lower in KCS than normal or CL wearers. The concentration of lysozyme in both basal and reflex tears was significantly lower in the KCS when compared to normal or CL wearers. Lysozyme and lactoferrin concentrations in both basal and reflex tears were similar in CL wearers and normal controls. The sampling and elution of basal and reflex tears as described appears to be a feasible technique for analysis of lysozyme and lactoferrin concentrations by the electroimmunodiffusion technique and has potential diagnostic value. Topics: Contact Lenses; Humans; Keratoconjunctivitis; Lactoferrin; Lactoglobulins; Muramidase; Reflex; Tears; Xerophthalmia | 1981 |
The questionably dry eye.
This paper is concerned with the recognition of the dry eye when the clinical diagnosis is in doubt and other external eye diseases may be present. Papillary conjunctivitis is common to the dry eye as well as other pathological conditions and confuses the diagnosis. We have correlated the factors involved in the assessment for dryness. We have shown that particulate matter in the unstained tear film is associated with low tear lysozyme concentration. Tear flow and tear lysozyme are not necessarily interrelated, but a low lysozyme concentration (tear lysozyme ratio < 1.0) is associated with keratoconjunctivitis sicca. The Schirmer I test can produce false positive results, and we have suggested a modification to overcome this. This modified test will detect the eye with severely depleted lysozyme secretion, but it is unreliable for detecting the eye with moderately depleted secretion. We find that its lowest normal limit should be considered as 6 mm. Topics: Adult; Aged; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Keratoconjunctivitis; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Tears; Xerophthalmia | 1981 |
Quantitative tear lysozyme assay: a new technique for transporting specimens.
We have developed a method for assaying the concentration of tear lysozyme using eluates of tear fluid collected on filter paper discs. Specimens can be stored and transported to remote laboratories for assay. We have shown that the 'indirect' or eluate method gives statistically comparable results to the 'direct' method using fresh, neat tear fluid. Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Antibodies, Bacterial; Biological Assay; Child; Humans; Keratoconjunctivitis; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Specimen Handling; Tears; Transportation; Xerophthalmia | 1980 |
Lysozyme activity in plasma and leucocytes in malnourished children.
Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Corneal Opacity; Diet Therapy; Edema; Hospitalization; Humans; Kwashiorkor; Leukocytes; Muramidase; Night Blindness; Proteins; Serum Albumin; Spectrophotometry; Syndrome; Vitamin A; Vitamin A Deficiency; Xerophthalmia | 1974 |
Nutritional and metabolic aspects of the sicca lesion.
Topics: Autoimmune Diseases; Conjunctiva; Estradiol; Humans; Keratoconjunctivitis; Microscopy, Electron; Muramidase; Rose Bengal; Xerophthalmia | 1971 |