muramidase and Urinary-Bladder-Neoplasms

Topics: Antigens, Neoplasm; Carcinoembryonic Antigen; Chromosome Mapping; Creatine Kinase; Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic; Humans; Karyotyping; Methods; Muramidase; Polyamines; Tryptophan; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms; Urine

Immunohistochemical technique (ABC method) was applied by using anti-S-100+ protein and anti-lysozyme antibodies to examine the local infiltration of dendritic cells (DC) and lysozyme positive (lys+) cells in 78 cases of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. 64 of the 78 cases were followed up. The results showed that DC were present in all carcinoma nests and stroma, being more numerous in the stroma than in the parenchyma. The number of DC was positively related to 5-year survival rate, which, in B group was significantly different from that in A group (P less than 0.05). It is also related to the degree of differentiation, the highly differentiated cases having larger number of DC than the moderately or lowly differentiated cases (P less than 0.01). There were more DC in the non-infiltrated muscle layers than in the infiltrated muscle layers. (P less than 0.01). This suggests that DC might participate in the anti-tumor immune reaction of the body, the intensity of which is related to the number and distribution of DC in the carcinomatous tissue. This may provide a reliable basis for evaluating the prognosis and choosing the operation methods, especially in recurrent carcinoma of the bladder.

Topics: Carcinoma, Transitional Cell; Cell Count; Dendritic Cells; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Muramidase; Prognosis; S100 Proteins; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms

We report two cases of osteoclast-like giant cell tumour of urinary bladder associated with papillary transitional cell tumours. Both cases were morphologically identical to giant cell tumour of bone. The giant cells stained strongly for acid phosphatase which was resistant to tartrate digestion, a staining reaction typical of osteoclasts. In view of the ability of urinary bladder to induce metaplastic and neoplastic bone, we believe that these tumours may represent extraosseous giant cell tumours of bone.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aged; Bone Neoplasms; Carcinoma; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell; Diagnosis, Differential; Giant Cell Tumors; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Keratins; Male; Membrane Glycoproteins; Mucin-1; Muramidase; Osteoclasts; S100 Proteins; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms; Vimentin

Primary leiomyosarcoma of bone is extremely rare. A 60-year-old woman had a mass in the right femur that was studied immunohistochemically and by electron microscopy. Human smooth-muscle actomyosin was detected in tumor cells, but human skeletal-muscle myoglobin and lysozyme (muramidase) were not. Electron microscopy of the tumor showed findings suggestive of a smooth-muscle origin, such as myofilaments, dense bodies, pinocytotic vesicles, and basement membrane. The results were diagnostic of leiomyosarcoma rather than rhabdomyosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, or malignant fibrous histiocytoma, which are similar neoplasms. We believe that ours is the first case of primary leiomyosarcoma of the bone proved by immunohistochemistry.

Topics: Actomyosin; Bone Neoplasms; Female; Femoral Fractures; Hip Prosthesis; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Immunochemistry; Leiomyosarcoma; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Myoglobin; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms

A case of a highly differentiated, primary, nonurachal adenocarcinoma of intestinal type, originating from the urinary bladder mucosa, is reported. The tumor contained Paneth cells as an integrated part, and their identity on the light microscopic level was confirmed by histochemical stains including immunohistochemical stain for muramidase. A gradual change from Paneth cell types to mucous cells was seen. Argentaffin cells and goblet cells appeared in some parts of the tumor but no detectable transitional forms were found. Only a few carcinomas containing malignant Paneth cells have been recorded, and this case is believed to be the first observed in an extraintestinal site.

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Enterochromaffin Cells; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mucous Membrane; Muramidase; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms

The mononuclear phagocyte is well established as an in vitro cytotoxic effector cell for certain human tumors. The mechanism(s) for this action remains unclear. Increased levels of lysozyme, a cationic enzyme synthesized in large amounts by mononuclear phagocytes, are associated with increased resistance to transplantable animal tumors. In this study, we provide evidence that human lysozyme, isolated from the urine of leukemic patients, has marked potentiating effects on human monocyte-tumor-cell cytocidal activity. In addition, lysozyme-exposed monocytes incorporate increased quantities of leucine, suggesting that monocytes are capable of amplifying their own metabolic activation by secreting an endogenous constituent. Tri-N-acetyl-glucosamine, a competitive inhibitor for the active site of lysozyme, inhibits cytocidal activity. Conversely, protamine, an extraneous albeit similarly positively charged molecule, increases monocyte-mediated tumor cytotoxicity; this protamine effect is negated by heparin. We conclude that lysozyme, at least partially by its positive charge, is capable of enhancing in vitro monocyte tumor cell cytotoxicity; its in vivo secretion may potentiate monocyte-tumor-cell interaction.

Topics: Acetylglucosamine; Antineoplastic Agents; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic; Hexosephosphates; Humans; Leucine; Melanoma; Monocytes; Muramidase; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms

Topics: Adenoma; Carcinoma; Creatinine; Dysgerminoma; Female; Humans; Kidney Neoplasms; Male; Multiple Myeloma; Muramidase; Ovarian Neoplasms; Pelvic Inflammatory Disease; Penile Neoplasms; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Prostatic Neoplasms; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms; Urogenital Neoplasms; Uterine Neoplasms; Vaginal Neoplasms