muramidase and Syphilis

Topics: Bacteria; Bacteriological Techniques; Bacteriolysis; Cell Membrane; Culture Media; Cytoplasm; DNA, Bacterial; Endoplasmic Reticulum; Histocytochemistry; Macromolecular Substances; Microscopy, Electron; Muramidase; Neisseria gonorrhoeae; Nucleotides; Penicillins; Ribosomes; Spirochaeta; Spirochaetales; Staining and Labeling; Syphilis; Treponema pallidum

Increased serum levels of angiotensin converting enzyme and lysozyme are considered as inflammatory markers for diagnosis of sarcoidosis which is an autoimmune inflammatory disease. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the significance of differences in serum angiotensin converting enzyme and lysozyme levels of patients with ocular involvement of other autoimmune inflammatory and infectious diseases.. This is a prospective study involving patients with ankylosing spondylitis, behcet's disease, presumed sarcoidosis, presumed latent tuberculosis, presumed latent syphilis, and control group. The serum levels of angiotensin converting enzyme and lysozyme were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Bonnferoni analysis was used to assess pairwise comparisons between the groups.. There was a significant increase in serum angiotensin converting enzyme level in patients with presumed sarcoidosis compared to ankylosing spondylitis (p = 0.0001), behcet's disease (p = 0.0001), presumed latent tuberculosis (p = 0.0001), presumed latent syphilis (p = 0.0001), and control group (p = 0.0001). The increase in serum lysozyme level was significant for patients with presumed sarcoidosis with respect to ankylosing spondylitis (p = 0.0001), behcet's disease, (p = 0.0001) presumed latent tuberculosis (p = 0.001), presumed latent syphilis (p = 0.033), and control group (p = 0.0001).. Elevated serum angiotensin converting enzyme levels are significant for patients with presumed sarcoidosis compared to ocular involvement of other autoimmune diseases such as behcet's disease and ankylosing spondylitis, and ocular involvement of infectious diseases such as presumed latent tuberculosis and presumed latent syphilis. However, elevated serum lysozyme level might be also detected in ocular involvement of infectious diseases such as presumed latent tuberculosis and presumed latent syphilis.. NCT02627209. Date of registration: 12/09/2015.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Autoimmune Diseases; Behcet Syndrome; Child; Communicable Diseases; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Humans; Latent Tuberculosis; Male; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A; Prospective Studies; Sarcoidosis; Spondylitis, Ankylosing; Syphilis

The role of lysozyme in the immune immobilisation of Treponema pallidum is not yet fully understood. The T. pallidum immobilisation assay was used to demonstrate that the immobilisation and lysis of T. pallidum in vitro by antibodies (serum, IgG fraction or IgM fraction) and complement proceed in a lysozyme-independent mode. In the presence of lysozyme the rate of immobilisation increased. In contrast with its effect on Escherichia coli, the effect of lysozyme on T. pallidum was governed exclusively by its enzymic activity rather than by the cationic protein nature of the molecule. Lysozyme, released from stimulated phagocytes, induced formation of lysozyme antibodies in 59.6% of syphilis patients as determined by lysozyme antibody ELISA. The highest frequency was found in patients with untreated secondary syphilis, whereas untreated primary syphilis was only rarely accompanied by the presence of lysozyme antibodies. Cross-reactivities between lysozyme and treponemal antigens were excluded by immunoblotting. The autoantibodies did not influence the lysozyme activity. It was concluded that the formation of lysozyme antibodies is only an epiphenomenon in the host defence against treponemal infection.

Topics: Animals; Antibodies; Antigen-Antibody Reactions; Antigens, Bacterial; Autoantibodies; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Immunoglobulin G; Immunoglobulin M; Male; Muramidase; Rabbits; Syphilis; Treponema Immobilization Test; Treponema pallidum

Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Adult; Chancre; Humans; Male; Muramidase; Penicillins; Syphilis

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Blood Bactericidal Activity; Complement System Proteins; Female; Humans; Immunity, Innate; Male; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Syphilis; Time Factors

Evidence for a humoral mechanism in immunity to experimental syphilis was provided by the demonstration of immune rabbit serum factor(s) capable of inactivating virulent Treponema pallidum, Nichols strain, in an in vitro-in vivo neutralization test. After intratesticular infection, rabbits were bled periodically and their resistance to reinfection was determined by challenge with T. pallidum. The results of challenge showed that resistance to reinfection begins to develop by 11 days after infection, becomes complete by 3 months, and persists for at least 2 years. In the neutralization test, a mixture of treponemal suspension and serum from the infected animals was incubated anaerobically at 34 degrees C and the virulence of the treponemes was determined by intradermal inoculation into normal rabbits. Complete inactivation of treponemes by immune serum required heat-stable and heat-labile (56 degrees C, 30 min) serum components and 16 hr of incubation, and was accelerated by pre-incubation of the treponemes for 4 hr with nonimmune serum but not by 100 mug/ml of added lysozyme. Serum-neutralizing activity, first demonstrable 1 month postinfection, was quantitated by a neutralizing endpoint (NEP). A relatively close quantitative correlation was shown between the development of resistance to symptomatic reinfection and the appearance and persistence of both TPI antibody and neutralizing serum factor(s). The nature of the serum factor(s), the mechanism of treponemal inactivation, and the application of the test in assessing the immune status are discussed.

Topics: Animals; Antibodies, Bacterial; Flocculation Tests; Hot Temperature; Immune Sera; Immunity; Male; Muramidase; Neutralization Tests; Rabbits; Syphilis; Time Factors; Treponema Immobilization Test; Treponema pallidum

The levels of lysozyme in the serum and organs of Shienshilla male rabbits infected with Nico-s treponema were determined. The studies showed that the lues infection affected the factors of non-specific immunity, which was evident from the changes in the lysozyme titer. Administration of benzylpenicillin resulted in a marked decrease in the lysozyme titer in all cases. The experiments are indicative of advisability of studying the use of crystalline lysozyme in combination with antibiotics for increasing the efficacy of therapy of syphilitic infection.

Topics: Animals; Drug Interactions; Immunity; Male; Muramidase; Penicillin G; Rabbits; Syphilis; Time Factors

A gel-filtration method for separating lysozyme from sera with haemolytic complement activity and/or antibody activity is described. It is shown that the gel-filtration has only a small effect, whereas bentonite absorption results in a known lost of haemolytic complement activity.

Topics: Absorption; Animals; Antibodies, Bacterial; Bentonite; Chromatography, Gel; Complement System Proteins; Guinea Pigs; Hemolysis; Humans; Immune Sera; Muramidase; Syphilis

Topics: Absorption; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Humans; Muramidase; Syphilis; Treponema Immobilization Test

Topics: Animals; Antigens, Bacterial; Antilymphocyte Serum; Complement System Proteins; Leukocyte Count; Male; Muramidase; Penicillins; Rabbits; Syphilis; Time Factors; Treponema pallidum

Topics: Antibodies, Bacterial; Antibody Specificity; Cell Wall; Complement System Proteins; Diagnostic Errors; False Positive Reactions; Hemolysis; Humans; Immune Sera; Kinetics; Lipopolysaccharides; Lipoproteins; Muramidase; Syphilis; Treponema Immobilization Test; Treponema pallidum

Topics: Animals; Antibody Formation; Antigens; Immunization; Male; Muramidase; Rabbits; Syphilis; Treponema pallidum; Ultrasonics

Topics: Animals; Humans; Immune Sera; Immunity; Muramidase; Rabbits; Syphilis; Syphilis Serodiagnosis; Treponema pallidum; Vaccination

Topics: Animals; Antigens; Guinea Pigs; Humans; Leukocyte Count; Methods; Muramidase; Rabbits; Syphilis; Syphilis Serodiagnosis; Treponema Immobilization Test

Topics: Animals; Chloromercuribenzoates; Chromatography; Egg White; Electrophoresis; Extracellular Space; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Iodoacetates; Male; Micrococcus; Mucoproteins; Muramidase; Rabbits; Spectrum Analysis; Starch; Syphilis; Testicular Diseases; Testis; Tryptophan; Tyrosine

Topics: Animals; Bacteria; Chromatography; Electrophoresis; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Male; Molecular Weight; Muramidase; Rabbits; Spectrophotometry; Syphilis; Testis; Ultracentrifugation

During experiments on the immunological immobilization of treponemes, several cultured strains were lysed in the guinea pig serum used as a source of complement. In further studies employing Borrelia vincentii, lysis, observed by darkfield, appeared as swelling and some beading of the cells. Complete disruption eventuated. Untreated guinea pig serum was strongly lytic, whereas little or no lysis occurred in bentonite-adsorbed samples. Activity was restored to these samples by adding commercially obtained crystalline egg-white lysozyme. Serum samples which had been heated, absorbed with aggregates of human gamma-globulin, or treated with ethylenediaminetetraacetate to remove, or inactivate, complement also lost spirochetolytic activity.

Topics: Absorption; Animals; Bacteriolysis; Borrelia; Complement System Proteins; Edetic Acid; gamma-Globulins; Guinea Pigs; Hemolysis; Hot Temperature; Humans; Muramidase; Syphilis; Treponema Immobilization Test; Treponema pallidum

Topics: Animals; Male; Muramidase; Rabbits; Syphilis

Topics: Aging; Blood Cell Count; Blood Chemical Analysis; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Diabetes Mellitus; Geriatrics; Humans; Japan; Leukocyte Count; Leukocytes; Muramidase; Nuclear Warfare; Radiation Injuries; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Sex; Syphilis; Tuberculosis

Topics: Animals; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Antiviral Agents; Dermatologic Agents; Humans; Muramidase; Rabbits; Syphilis