muramidase and Synovitis

Recent studies indicated that the nicotinamide dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NADPH) oxidase-derived oxygen radicals plays a deleterious role in arthritis. To study this in more detail, gonarthritis was induced in NADPH oxidase-deficient mice. Mice received an intraarticular injection of either zymosan, to elicit an irritant-induced inflammation, or poly-L-lysine coupled lysozyme, to evoke an immune-complex mediated inflammation in passively immunized mice. In contrast to wild-type mice, arthritis elicited in both p47phox(-/-) and gp91(-/-) mice showed more severe joint inflammation, which developed into a granulomatous synovitis. Treatment with either Zileuton or cobra venom factor showed that the chemokines LTB4 and complement C3 were not the driving force behind the aggravated inflammation in these mice. Arthritic NADPH oxidase-deficient mice showed irreversible cartilage damage as judged by the enhanced aggrecan VDIPEN expression, and chondrocyte death. Furthermore, only in the absence of NADPH oxidase-derived oxygen radicals, the arthritic joints showed osteoclast-like cells, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive/multinucleated cells, extensive bone erosion, and osteolysis. The enhanced synovial gene expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1alpha, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3, MMP-9 and receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand (RANKL) might contribute to the aggravated arthritis in the NADPH oxidase-deficient mice. This showed that the involvement of NADPH oxidase in arthritis is probably far more complex and that oxygen radicals might also be important in controlling disease severity, and reducing joint inflammation and connective tissue damage.

Topics: Animals; Arthritis; Arthrography; Cartilage, Articular; Connective Tissue; Drug Combinations; Granuloma; Immunization, Passive; Injections, Intra-Articular; Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; Interleukin-1; Knee Joint; Matrix Metalloproteinases; Membrane Glycoproteins; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Muramidase; NADPH Oxidase 2; NADPH Oxidases; Phosphoproteins; Polylysine; RNA, Messenger; Sialoglycoproteins; Synovial Membrane; Synovitis; Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases; Zymosan

The activity of lysozyme in the sinovial fluid and blood serum was studied by the authors in 69 patients with injuries of the knee joint and after operations on the joint. The lysozyme activity was higher in the blood serum of patients as compared with normality, that in the sinovial fluid was higher than in the blood serum and found to decrease in time. The lysozyme activity in the sinovial fluid was found to correspond to the degree of the inflammatory process in the joint. The authors made a conclusion that lysozyme on a level with hialuronidase takes part in the development of the inflammatory process in the joint injuries.

Topics: Adult; Humans; Knee Injuries; Knee Joint; Male; Muramidase; Postoperative Period; Synovial Fluid; Synovitis

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Acute Disease; Animals; Chronic Disease; Crystallization; Dogs; Glucuronidase; Gout; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Knee Joint; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Leukocyte Count; Microscopy, Electron; Muramidase; Phagocytosis; Pressure; Synovial Fluid; Synovial Membrane; Synovitis; Time Factors; Uric Acid

Topics: Aerobiosis; Animals; Arthritis; Chickens; Coagulase; Deoxyribonucleases; Fibrinolysin; Hemolysin Proteins; Lipase; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Muramidase; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Poultry Diseases; Staphylococcus; Staphylococcus Phages; Synovial Fluid; Synovitis; Urease

Topics: Antiviral Agents; Humans; Injections, Intra-Articular; Muramidase; Synovitis