muramidase and Stomach-Ulcer

Infection with Salmonella typhimurium can produce multiple organ dysfunctions. However, document concerning with gastric hemorrhagic ulcers occur in this infectious disease is lacking. The aim was to study modulation of gastric hemorrhagic ulcer by oxidative stress and mast cell histamine in S. typhimurium-infected rats. Additionally, the protective effects of drugs, such as ofloxacin, lysozyme chloride, ketotifen, ranitidine, and several antioxidants, including exogenous glutathione (GSH), allopurinol and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) were evaluated. Male Wistar rats were injected intrajejunally with a live culture of S. typhimurium (1 x 10(10) colony-forming units/rat) and followed by deprivation of food for 36 h. Age-matched control rats received sterilized vehicle only. Rat stomachs were irrigated for 3 h with either normal saline or a simulated gastric juice containing 100 mM HCl, 17.4 mM pepsin and 54 mM NaCl. S. typhimurium caused aggravation of offensive factors, including enhancing gastric acid back-diffusion, mucosal lipid peroxide generation, histamine release, microvascular permeability and hemorrhagic ulcer, as well as an attenuation of defensive substances, such as mucosal GSH and mucus level. Intragastric irrigation of gastric juice caused further aggravation of these gastric biochemical parameters. This exacerbation of ulcerogenic factors was abolished by pretreatment of ofloxacin and lysozyme chloride. Antioxidants, such as reduced GSH, allopurinol and DMSO also produced significant (P < 0.05) amelioration of gastric damage in S. typhimurium infected rats. In conclusion, gastric oxidative stress and histamine play pivotal roles in the formation of hemorrhagic ulcers that were effectively ameliorated by ofloxacin, lysozyme chloride, ketotifen, ranitidine, diamine oxidase and various antioxidants in S. typhimurium-infected rats.

Topics: Allopurinol; Animals; Antioxidants; Dimethyl Sulfoxide; Disease Models, Animal; Gastric Juice; Gastric Mucosa; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; Glutathione; Histamine Release; Indomethacin; Lipid Peroxides; Male; Mast Cells; Muramidase; Ofloxacin; Oxidative Stress; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Salmonella Infections, Animal; Sodium Chloride; Stomach Ulcer; Therapeutic Irrigation

Infection of Salmonella typhimurium (Salmonella typhi) can lead to various organ diseases. This research first proposed that Salmonella typhi-infection could result in gastric oxidative stress and hemorrhagic ulcers that were ameliorated by ofloxacin, lysozyme chloride and several antioxidants, including exogenous glutathione (GSH), allopurinol and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). Male Wistar rats were given intrajejunally the live culture of Salmonella typhi [1 x 10(10) colony-forming unit (CFU)/rat] and followed by deprivation of food for 36 h. Age-matched control rats received vehicle only. Rat stomachs were irrigated for 3 h with either normal saline or a simulated gastric juice containing 100 mM HCl, 17.4 mM pepsin and 54 mM NaCl. Infection of Salmonella typhi produced an aggravation of ulcerogenic factors, including enhancing gastric acid back-diffusion, mucosal lipid peroxide generation and hemorrhagic ulcer as well as an attenuation of mucosal GSH level. Intragastric irrigation of gastric juice caused further aggravation of these gastric biochemical parameters. This exacerbation of ulcerogenic factors was abolished by pretreatment of ofloxacin and lysozyme chloride. Antioxidants, such as reduced GSH, allopurinol and DMSO also produced significant (P<0.05) amelioration of gastric damage in Salmonella typhi-infected rats. In conclusion, infection of Salmonella typhi substantially caused gastric oxidative stress and disruption of gastric mucosal barriers, consequently resulted in gastric hemorrhagic ulcerations that were effectively ameliorated by ofloxacin, lysozyme chloride and various antioxidants.

Topics: Allopurinol; Animals; Anti-Infective Agents; Dimethyl Sulfoxide; Free Radical Scavengers; Gastric Juice; Gastric Mucosa; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; Glutathione; Lipid Peroxides; Male; Muramidase; Ofloxacin; Oxidative Stress; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Salmonella Infections, Animal; Salmonella typhimurium; Sodium Chloride; Stomach Ulcer; Therapeutic Irrigation

The studies conducted for 126 patients with stomach and duodenal ulcers revealed that at the acute state of recurrent ulcer activation of the microflora displaying pathogenetic signs and corresponding to the third or fourth degree of dysbacteriosis takes place in the ulcerous defect zone along with microcirculatory disorders, necrotic inflammatory processes and reduction of the lysozyme content in tissues. This allows comparing ulcers of the gastroduodenal zone to an infected wound. At the sub-acute phase of recurrent ulcer (next one or two weeks) microbiological changes in the per-ulcer zone reduce to dysbacteriosis of the second or third degree as inflammatory and necrotic processes cease, an at the phase of cicatrisation and epithelization they are similar to normal biocenosis.

Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Bacteria; Duodenal Ulcer; Female; Humans; Intestinal Mucosa; Male; Microcirculation; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Peptic Ulcer; Recurrence; Stomach Ulcer; Time Factors; Wound Infection

The pathogenesis of gastric antral hemorrhage and ulceration is unclear. This paper first proposes that antral hemorrhagic ulcers produced in rats are associated with attenuation of defensive parameters (such as mucosal glutathione levels and histamine release, as well as aggravation of aggressive factors) including gastric acid back-diffusion and oxyradical generation. The protective effects of lysozyme chloride and antioxidants on this ulcer model were also evaluated. After being deprived of food for 24 hours followed by refeeding for 1 hour, rats were injected with 1.0 mol HCl/L intragastrically under potent analgesia of diethylether-anesthesia to induce antral ulcer. Control rats received a normal saline solution only. Rats were then given free access to water and food for 4 days. Before the experiment began, rats were again deprived of food for 24 hours. Following anesthetization, their stomachs were irrigated for 3 hours with either normal saline or a physiological acid solution containing 100 mmol HCl/L and 54 mmol NaCl/L. Aggravation of various aggressive and defensive parameters in antral mucosa was observed in refed rats that had received 1.0 mol HCl/L. A high relationship of mucosal glutathione level (r = -0.8754, P <.05) or lipid peroxides generation (r = 0.8198) to antral ulceration was obtained in those ulcerated rats. Intragastric lysozyme chloride (50-200 mg/kg) injected three times daily produced a dose-dependent attenuation of various gastric parameters in the acid-irrigated stomachs of antral ulcer rats. Intraperitoneal injections of various antioxidants, including exogenous glutathione, allopurinol, or dimethylsulfoxide also attenuated antral ulcer. In conclusion, the imbalance of aggressive factors, such as acid back-diffusion and oxyradicals-as well as defensive factors including glutathione and histamine-is important in modulating antral hemorrhagic ulcers that can be ameliorated by lysozyme chloride or antioxidants in rats.

Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Diffusion; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Gastric Acid; Gastric Mucosa; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; Glutathione; Histamine; Hydrochloric Acid; Lipid Peroxides; Male; Muramidase; Pyloric Antrum; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms; Stomach Ulcer

To investigate aggressive-protective factors in patients with erosive lesions of gastroduodenal mucosa.. Intragastric pH-metry, tests for Helicobacter pylori, lysozyme activity, content of bile acid in gastric juice, components of gastric mucous gel were made in 106 patients.. It is shown that there are two alternative paths of erosions development in the gastroduodenal zone: infectious and non-infectious.. In patients infected with Helicobacter pylori, lowering of a protective ability of the mucous gel is caused by prevalence of synthesis of immature mucous components while in non-infected patients this happens as a result of high catabolism of mucous components.

Topics: Adult; Bile Acids and Salts; Duodenal Ulcer; Duodenitis; Gastric Juice; Gastric Mucosa; Gastritis; Helicobacter pylori; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Intestinal Mucosa; Middle Aged; Mucus; Muramidase; Peptic Ulcer; Stomach Ulcer

Granulocytic sarcoma (GS), or chloroma, is a rare extramedullary tumor composed of immature myeloid cells. It most commonly involves bone, soft tissue, lymph nodes and skin and develops during the course of or preceding myelogenous leukemia (ML). Involvement of other organs has been rarely reported including ovary, uterus and cervix, lung and the gastrointestinal tract; however, GS presenting as upper and lower gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding from ulcerated gastric mass and concurrent bleeding vaginal mass is an unusual rare manifestation of GS. We describe a case of GS in a 70 year old black woman who presented with a bleeding "lump" in the vaginal wall and suffered fatal GI bleeding from an ulcerated gastric lesion. She was diagnosed with myelodysblastic syndrome a few months earlier. From the review of the available English literature, this is a unique presentation of GS. It is important to include this entity in the differential diagnosis when encountering GI bleeding particularly in a patient previously diagnosed with myeloid leukemia or preleukemia. The importance of Naphthol Chloracetate Esterase (NCAE) stain and lysozyme immunoperoxidase stain in establishing the diagnosis is breifly discussed.

Topics: Aged; Coloring Agents; Diagnosis, Differential; Fatal Outcome; Female; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Leukemia, Myeloid; Muramidase; Myelodysplastic Syndromes; Naphthol AS D Esterase; Stomach Ulcer; Uterine Hemorrhage; Vaginal Diseases

The study was concerned with measurement of lysozyme activity of saliva in healthy subjects and patients with different pathologies of the stomach including precancer and cancer. It established a considerable decrease in this parameter in cancer and precancer as compared with healthy controls. Assay of saliva lysozyme activity was found to yield more specific and prognostic data than clinical symptoms and examination of the patient. This procedure proved highly valuable in forming groups at risk for stomach cancer, due to providing significant differences in saliva lysozyme activity indices between "healthy subjects--stomach pathology" and "precancer--precancerous changes--stomach cancer" groups.

Topics: Clinical Enzyme Tests; Duodenal Ulcer; Duodenitis; Gastritis, Atrophic; Gastritis, Hypertrophic; Humans; Muramidase; Nephelometry and Turbidimetry; Precancerous Conditions; Prognosis; Risk Factors; Saliva; Sensitivity and Specificity; Stomach Neoplasms; Stomach Ulcer

A study was made of the disease pathogenesis in 58 patients with recurrent chronic erosions of the gastric mucosa. It has been established that an important role in the relapses of the pathological process is played by pathological microflora, disturbances in humoral immunity and local microcirculation, and long existence of the zone of fibrinoid necrosis.

Topics: Adult; Chronic Disease; Complement System Proteins; Enterococcus faecalis; Escherichia coli; Female; Gastric Mucosa; Humans; Hypergammaglobulinemia; Immunoglobulin G; Male; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Necrosis; Recurrence; Stomach Ulcer; Time Factors

Topics: Combined Modality Therapy; Duodenal Ulcer; Humans; Muramidase; Stomach Ulcer

We examined the infiltration in chronic superficial gastritis immunohistochemically on the contents of IgA-, IgG- and IgM-containing plasma cells and on lysozyme and compared the results on the one hand with those of histologically normal gastric mucosa and on the other side with those of the inflammation at the ulcus border. Not as immunology-related reactions of the gut, one can see the chronic superficial gastritis as a stronger and topographically different variant of the normal reaction of the stomach. It shows the flowing threshold between physiological and accentuated defense and pathological exaggeration.

Topics: Chronic Disease; Epithelium; Gastric Mucosa; Gastritis; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Immunoglobulins; Muramidase; Plasma Cells; Stomach Ulcer

Topics: Adult; Blood Bactericidal Activity; Duodenal Ulcer; Humans; Immunoglobulins; Lysine; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Stomach Ulcer

Lysozyme concentration in the gastric juice of 34 patients with peptic ulcer and 10 practically healthy persons was studied. In the patients with peptic ulcer the lysozyme levels in the gastric juice were found to be lower. A significant decrease in the lysozyme concentration was observed in the patients suffering from peptic ulcer for more than 2 years. During the first months of the disease increased levels of lysozyme were recorded. Relationship between the lysozyme concentration in the gastric juice and the acidity of the gastric contents was shown. Decreased concentrations of lysozyme were more pronounced in the patients with increased levels of hydrochloric acid.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Duodenal Ulcer; Enzyme Activation; Fasting; Female; Gastric Acidity Determination; Gastric Juice; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Peptic Ulcer; Stomach Ulcer; Time Factors

Topics: Adult; Duodenal Ulcer; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Stomach Ulcer

No microbial growth in platings of the gastric juice of patients with gastric ulcer and chronic anacidic gastritis was observed. It means that the absence of hydrochloric acid in the gastric juice does not deprive it of any antimicrobial action. The possible role of lysozyme in providing sterility of the proximal part of the gastro-intestinal tract was studied. Eighty patients with chronic diseases of the digestive organs were observed. It was noted that the levels of lysozyme in the gastric juice was high and markedly exceeded the maximum concentrations required for lysis of organisms most resistant to it. The maximum concentration was determined at pH of the gastric juice equal to 7.0-7.5 (265 gamma/ml+/-28). No lysozyme in the content of the duodenum and jejunal juice was found in most cases. Its presence in the above parts of the gastro-intestinal tract was mainly associated with microbial growth. The maximum concentration of lysozyme (40 gamma/ml) in the jejunal juice was observed in a female patient with chronic enterocolitis and significant microbial proliferation in the thin colon (more than 10(4) microbial bodies per 1 ml of the juice). Such parallelism between the presence of lysozyme in the gastric juice and microbial proliferation in it may be considered as a protective-adoptive reaction of the host.

Topics: Chronic Disease; Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous; Gastric Juice; Gastritis; Hepatitis; Humans; Intestinal Secretions; Intestine, Small; Muramidase; Pancreatitis; Postgastrectomy Syndromes; Sterilization; Stomach Ulcer

Topics: Animals; Appendicitis; Biological Evolution; Cell Division; Colitis, Ulcerative; Colonic Neoplasms; Crohn Disease; Ethionine; Gastritis; Germ-Free Life; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Intestinal Neoplasms; Intestines; Metaplasia; Microscopy, Electron; Muramidase; Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome; Puromycin; Rats; Stomach Neoplasms; Stomach Ulcer; Triparanol; Whipple Disease; Zinc

Topics: Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Leukemia, Myeloid; Lung Neoplasms; Mitomycins; Mononuclear Phagocyte System; Muramidase; Neoplasms; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Stomach Neoplasms; Stomach Ulcer

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aorta; Arteriosclerosis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Collagen; Connective Tissue; Ear Ossicles; Female; Galactosidases; Gastric Mucosa; Glycoside Hydrolases; Hepatitis A; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Hyaluronoglucosaminidase; Hydrochloric Acid; Hydroxides; Liver Diseases; Macromolecular Substances; Male; Microbial Collagenase; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Neuraminidase; Otosclerosis; Sodium Chloride; Stomach Ulcer; Synovial Membrane; Urea

Topics: Duodenal Ulcer; Gastric Juice; Gastritis; Humans; Macromolecular Substances; Muramidase; Stomach Diseases; Stomach Neoplasms; Stomach Ulcer