muramidase and Sarcoma

Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal; Biomarkers, Tumor; Immunohistochemistry; Muramidase; Myosins; S100 Proteins; Sarcoma

Histiocytic sarcoma is an uncommon neoplasm of mature histiocytes with a poor clinical outcome. We report a case of a true histiocytic sarcoma with prominent and evenly distributed multinucleated giant cells that mimics a giant cell tumor of soft tissue. The tumor was located between the appendix, right ovary, and the terminal ileum with severe adhesion. The liver and spleen were not enlarged. Grossly, the tumor appeared grayish white, solid, and soft. Microscopically, polygonal mononuclear tumor cells aggregated to form somewhat epithelioid nests, which occasionally showed coagulative necrosis. Prominent and evenly scattered giant cells were present in all sections. In addition, tumor cell infiltration was noted in regional lymph nodes. The tumor cells were positive for lysozyme, CD68, CD163, and negative for T- and B-cell lineage markers, follicular dendritic cell, megakaryocytic, epithelial, muscular, and melanocytic markers, CD1a and CD30. This case posed great difficulty in clinical and pathological diagnoses. Gross pictures, microscopic findings, and extensive immunostains are important for the differential diagnosis.

Topics: Adult; Antigens, CD; Cell Lineage; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Giant Cell Tumors; Giant Cells; Histiocytes; Histiocytic Disorders, Malignant; Humans; Muramidase; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Sarcoma; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Treatment Outcome

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aneuploidy; Child; Child, Preschool; Facial Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Macrophages; Male; Middle Aged; Mouth Neoplasms; Muramidase; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Sarcoma

The authors present an immunohistochemical study of 11 cases of maxillo-facial primitive sarcomas. Specimens from demoliti maxillary resections were prepared and stained with alpha-1-antichymotrypsin, lysozyme and CD68. Alpha-1-antichymotrypsin confirmed in this study its lack of specificity as a tumor marker being relevated both in fibroblasts and in osteoblasts and even in chondrosarcomatous tissue. The results of lysozyme and CD68 stainings were interesting especially in malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH), fibrosarcoma and osteosarcoma. The authors showed, once more, that while in osteosarcoma the markers were noted in osteoclasts or pre-osteoclasts alone and not in the neoplastic stroma; all fibroblastic elements were marked in MFH. Immunohistochemical research of histiocyte-macrophage lineage confirmed its utility in osteosarcoma versus MFH differential diagnosis. In fibrosarcoma, furthermore, the authors obtained a positive staining of CD68 and lysozyme in fibroblastic elements morphologically similar to the other neoplastic cells. This datum induced the authors to formulate the interesting hypothesis that MFH and fibrosarcoma represent the opposite ends of a wide spectrum of differentiation of a single neoplasm of fibrohistiocytic origin.

Topics: alpha 1-Antichymotrypsin; Antigens, CD; Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic; Biomarkers, Tumor; Diagnosis, Differential; Facial Neoplasms; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Jaw Neoplasms; Mouth Neoplasms; Muramidase; Sarcoma

Topics: alpha 1-Antitrypsin; Animals; Cat Diseases; Cats; Colonic Neoplasms; Female; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Muramidase; Sarcoma

183 cases of soft tissue tumors were studied utilizing the immunoperoxidase technique to demonstrate alpha-1-antitrypsin, ferritin and lysozyme. The series comprises 50 malignant lesions, 34 intermediate malignancy lesions, 99 benign lesions of fibrohistiocytic origin, and 23 malignant tumors of non fibrohistiocytic origin. The actual results of the study are as follows: alpha-1-antitrypsin, ferritin and lysozyme were always absent in 10 fibrosarcomas, 2 liposarcomas, 2 Ewing sarcomas, 3 synovial sarcomas, 4 neurofibrosarcomas, and 2 rhabdomyosarcomas, but in 24 malignant fibrous histiocytomas, 34 cases of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans and 102 benign fibrohistiocytic lesions, these activities were present in a percentage that ranged between 12% and 38% (average 25%). Differences in the frequency of positive reactions did not occur between benign and malignant fibrohistiocytic lesions. The immunohistological examinations carried out have, therefore, only a very limited value for the practical diagnostic evaluation, but, when positive, are important to clarify the histogenesis of the tumor.

Topics: alpha 1-Antitrypsin; Ferritins; Fibroma; Fibrosarcoma; Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Immunochemistry; Muramidase; Sarcoma; Soft Tissue Neoplasms

Serum lysozyme activity (SLA) was measured in a turbidimetric assay with a microcentrifugal analyzer. In a control group of 53 healthy dogs of both sexes and ranging in age from 4 to 10 years, SLA had a mean value of 1.2 mg/l with a range (+/- 2 SD) of 0.6 - 1.8 mg/l. In 80 dogs with a variety of neoplastic diseases the histopathological diagnosis was compared with the SLA value. SLA value was increased in 83% of the cases with malignant tumors and in 29% of the cases with benign tumors. Proper clinical examination is essential in differentiating between neoplastic disease and some interfering diseases, e.g. chronic dermatitis, pyometra and chronic nephritis. Measuring of SLA in dogs may be helpful in screening those animals with suspected malignancies.

Topics: Adenoma; Animals; Carcinoma; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Female; Immunodiffusion; Male; Mammary Glands, Animal; Melanoma; Muramidase; Neoplasms; Nephelometry and Turbidimetry; Reference Values; Sarcoma; Skin Neoplasms; Soft Tissue Neoplasms

The aim of this study was to localize alpha 1-antitrypsin, ferritin, and lysozyme by means of the indirect immunoperoxidase technique and to evaluate the significance of these antigens as markers of histiocytic differentiation in tumors of a supposed dual fibroblastic-histiocytic origin. The series comprised 31 malignant fibrous histiocytomas (MFH) of the pleomorphic, spindle cell, and myxoid types, four cutaneous fibrous histiocytomas, and four atypical fibroxanthomas, four dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, and two osteoclastomas of bone. For comparison, 15 soft tissue sarcomas of various other types were examined. Of the MFHs of the pleomorphic type, 18 of 22 (82 per cent) were positively stained for alpha 1-antitrypsin and 12 of 22 (54 per cent) were positively stained for ferritin. Of the five MFHs of the spindle cell type, none was positively stained for alpha 1-antitrypsin, three were positive for ferritin, and one was positive for lysozyme. None of the myxoid variants (corresponding to grade I-II myxofibrosarcoma) was positively stained for either of the antigens. These results and the observations made on the cutaneous fibrous histiocytomas, atypical fibroxanthomas, dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, and the various soft tissue sarcomas indicated that 1) alpha 1-antitrypsin is a valuable marker of histiocytic differentiation in both benign and malignant fibrous histiocytomas, 2) ferritin can be visualized in more than half of these fibroblastic-histiocytic tumors, and the presence of ferritin distinguishes the spindle cells of these tumors from fibroblasts of connective tissue and most fibrosarcomas, and 3) lysozyme, although a good marker of histiocytic differentiation in ordinary histiocytes and benign fibrous histiocytomas, is a poor marker of neoplastic histiocytes of malignant tumors. The results further support the concept that MFH is a tumor of a dual fibroblastic-histiocytic origin.

Topics: alpha 1-Antitrypsin; Ferritins; Fibroma; Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous; Humans; Immunochemistry; Muramidase; Sarcoma; Soft Tissue Neoplasms

The lysozyme (muramidase) activity was measured in the sera of 84 dogs with neoplastic disease. Neoplasms included 32 lymphomas, 13 primary bone neoplasms, 5 melanomas, 5 thyroid neoplasms, 9 soft tissue sarcomas, 5 mast cell sarcomas, and 15 carcinomas. The sera from 21 healthy dogs served as control. Dogs with neoplastic disease had significantly (P less than 0.005) higher serum lysozyme activity than did the healthy controls. For lymphosarcoma, dogs with clinical signs of systemic disease had significantly higher serum lysozyme activity than did dogs without clinical signs. For bone neoplasms, dogs with metastatic disease had higher serum lysozyme activity than did dogs without metastasis. Increased lysozyme activity may be a useful marker of macrophage-mediated host responses to neoplasms in dogs.

Topics: Animals; Bone Neoplasms; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Lymphoma; Mast-Cell Sarcoma; Muramidase; Neoplasms; Sarcoma; Thyroid Neoplasms

A patient with aleukemic leukemia of the acute granulocytic type, who initially had granulocytic sarcoma of the skin, is described. The skin contained focal infiltrates of pleomorphic mononuclear cells that were identified as granulocytes by demonstration of intracytoplasmic naphthol-ASD-chloroacetate esterase and lysozyme.

Topics: Aged; Female; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Myeloid; Muramidase; Naphthol AS D Esterase; Sarcoma; Skin; Skin Neoplasms

Topics: Brain Neoplasms; Cerebrospinal Fluid; Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteins; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Humans; Muramidase; Nervous System Diseases; Sarcoma

Topics: Animals; Blood Chemical Analysis; Chromatography; Egg White; Guinea Pigs; Kidney; Lung; Metabolism; Muramidase; Rats; Research; Sarcoma; Sarcoma, Experimental; Spleen; Urine

Topics: Animals; Muramidase; Neoplasms; Rats; Sarcoma; Sarcoma, Experimental

Topics: Animals; Ascites; Glycolipids; Humans; Lipids; Muramidase; Neoplasms; Phospholipids; Sarcoma; Sarcoma, Yoshida

Topics: Animals; Benzopyrenes; Glycoside Hydrolases; Muramidase; Sarcoma; Sarcoma, Experimental