muramidase and Rectal-Neoplasms

Lysozyme destroys the mucopolysaccharide chains of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria. It is a component of local defense and is formed in macrophages. Determination of lysozyme content in the wound seems to be the most reliable method for early recognition of wound infection.. In a prospective randomized study on the efficacy of single vs. double staple technique in anterior rectum resection, the effluent from the pelvic drain was examined with regard to its lysozyme activity.. Lysozyme activity in drained secretion remained stable for more than 24 hours at room temperature. When the single staple technique was used, enzyme activity was sharply increased (mean, 9.6 mg/dl on the first postoperative day) compared with the double staple technique (mean, 5.5 mg/dl on the first postoperative day). The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.0001). Mean lysozyme activity was increased in those patients with clinically (18 mg/dl on the first postoperative day) and radiologically (15.3 mg/dl on the first postoperative day) detected dehiscence (P < 0.0001).. Lysozyme determination may be reproduced by detection of enzyme stability in drained secretion. Determination of lysozyme content seems to be a new possibility for early recognition of anastomotic dehiscence.

Topics: Aged; Anastomosis, Surgical; Colon; Colon, Sigmoid; Drainage; Exudates and Transudates; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Prospective Studies; Rectal Neoplasms; Surgical Stapling; Surgical Wound Dehiscence; Time Factors

A rectal adenocarcinoma in a 22-year-old capped langur histologically resembling those in human cases is reported. An ill-defined diffuse tumor with fibrously firm rectal wall showed diffuse infiltrative growth of signet-ring cancer cells. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated positive staining for CEA, lysozyme, EMA, keratin and B72.3.

Topics: Animals; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinoembryonic Antigen; Carcinoma, Signet Ring Cell; Cercopithecidae; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Keratins; Male; Membrane Glycoproteins; Microvilli; Mucin-1; Mucins; Muramidase; Neoplasm Proteins; Primate Diseases; Rectal Neoplasms

Peripheral monocyte migration, phagocytosis and lysozyme production has been investigated in 46 patients with colorectal malignancies. The diagnosis of colorectal carcinoma was based on clinical, radiological, and endoscopic examinations and confirmed histopathologically after removal of the tumour. The results were compared with a group of 36 normal healthy controls. Monocytes from patients with colorectal malignancies displayed reduced migration towards the chemotactic agent (P less than 0.001), random migration (P less than 0.001), and phagocytic activity (P less than 0.01) compared to normal controls. Lysozyme production by monocytes from patients with colorectal malignancies was significantly increased (P less than 0.01) compared to control subjects. The impairment in monocyte function in patients with colorectal carcinoma was not due to direct serum factors or to abnormal blood biochemistry, suggesting that the defect is intrinsic to the monocytes. These results suggest that an impairment in monocyte function may play an important role in the control of malignancies by cellular immune processes.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Specimen Collection; Cell Movement; Cell Separation; Colonic Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Immunity, Cellular; Male; Middle Aged; Monocytes; Muramidase; Phagocytosis; Rectal Neoplasms

Five thousand seven hundred seventy-eight adenomas or adenomas containing carcinoma from 3215 patients were examined by routine histologic methods for the presence of epithelial metaplasias. Three forms of epithelial metaplasia were encountered: squamous cell metaplasia (0.44%), Paneth cell metaplasia (0.20%), and melanocytic metaplasia (0.017%). In several instances multiple forms of metaplasia were encountered in the same polyp. In those cases in which the paraffin blocks were available, a Grimelius stain was performed. Grimelius-positive cells were present in 63% of the adenomas containing a metaplastic cell type. All cases with Paneth cell differentiation were immunoreactive for lysozyme; all lesions containing areas of squamous differentiation were immunoreactive for keratin except 2. The histopathologic features of these cases are discussed, and it is concluded that rather than representing a true metaplastic process, Paneth cell, squamous cell, and melanocyte differentiation represent the full range of cellular differentiation that endodermally derived tissues can exhibit, particularly when they undergo neoplastic alterations.

Topics: Adenoma; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Cell Differentiation; Colonic Neoplasms; Female; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Intestinal Polyps; Intestine, Large; Keratins; Male; Melanocytes; Metaplasia; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Rectal Neoplasms; Retrospective Studies; Sex Factors

Topics: Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous; alpha 1-Antitrypsin; Colonic Neoplasms; Humans; Muramidase; Rectal Neoplasms

Topics: Aged; Colonic Neoplasms; Feces; Humans; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Rectal Neoplasms

Topics: Adolescent; Colonic Neoplasms; Crohn Disease; Humans; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Rectal Neoplasms

The i.v. administration of Corynebacterium parvum (CP) to patients who had recently undergone resection of colorectal tumours was found to have the following effects: 1. Polymorphonuclear leucocyte counts were raised 24 h after CP administration, while both lymphocyte and monocyte counts fell during this period. Polymorph and lymphocyte counts had returned to pre-infusion levels at one week, but monocyte counts were significantly increased at this time. 2. The lymphocyte mitotic response to PHA was reduced during the 24 h after CP infusion. 3 The spontaneous, antibody-induced, and PHA-induced lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity against a nucleated target cell fell significantly 3 h after CP infusion, but these functions recovered by 7 days. 4. A rise in serum lysozyme was found 3 and 24 h after CP administration. However, these increased levels were not maintained beyond 24 h.

Topics: Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; Humans; Leukocyte Count; Lymphocyte Activation; Lymphocytes; Muramidase; Phytohemagglutinins; Propionibacterium acnes; Rectal Neoplasms

Topics: Colonic Neoplasms; Humans; Muramidase; Rectal Neoplasms

The serum muramidase levels were measured in 128 patients with primary or metastatic colorectal cancer, 166 tumour-free patients after resection of a colorectal cancer, and 172 controls. Muramidase levels over 10 mug/ml were detected in 30%-39% of the tumour-bearing patients, in 8.2% of the tumour free, and in only 1.7% of the controls (normal level 6.68 +/- 1.42 mug/ml). Long-term follow up indicated that raised levels may occur as a transient phenomenon in recurrent or metastatic disease. The likely relation of abnormal serum muramidase activity and stimulation of the reticuloendothelial system is discussed.

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Carcinoembryonic Antigen; Colonic Neoplasms; Creatinine; gamma-Glutamyltransferase; Humans; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Leucyl Aminopeptidase; Liver Neoplasms; Muramidase; Neoplasm Metastasis; Rectal Neoplasms; Recurrence