muramidase and Postoperative-Complications

Topics: Animals; Avitaminosis; Bronchoscopy; Burns; Central Nervous System Diseases; Chick Embryo; Child; Crystallization; Ear Diseases; Eye Diseases; Female; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Genital Diseases, Female; Humans; Liver Diseases; Mouth Diseases; Muramidase; Nose Diseases; Postoperative Complications; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Typhus, Epidemic Louse-Borne; Vascular Diseases; Wounds and Injuries

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Combinations; Drug Evaluation; Humans; Jaw Diseases; Methacycline; Mouth Diseases; Muramidase; Postoperative Complications; Tooth Diseases

While lung transplant is an effective therapy for advanced lung disease, chronic allograph rejection remains a primary basis for lower survival rates than those for other solid organ transplants. This study used carefully controlled Zip-Tip extraction of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) followed by MALDI-TOF MS to identify biomarkers of chronic lung transplant rejection. Many differences were observed between controls, those who did not develop chronic rejection within 100 months, and patients who had developed chronic rejection, diagnosed as bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS). Intensity ratios of peaks within the same MALDI-TOF profile were used to quantify the result. One of the best identifiers of BOS was a lowered ratio of clara cell protein (CCP m/z = 15,835) to lysozyme (m/z = 14,700), which gave 94% specificity and 74% sensitivity for diagnosis. Furthermore, low values for CCP/Lysozyme (<0.3) were observed in 66% of samples taken at 1 to 15 months prior to the diagnosis of BOS. Many other components of the profile gave similar or better outcomes for diagnosis but tended to be less valuable for the prediction of future disease. Overall, this study demonstrated the feasibility of this approach for the detection of disease biomarkers.

Topics: Biomarkers; Bronchiolitis Obliterans; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Chronic Disease; Feasibility Studies; Graft Rejection; Humans; Lung Transplantation; Muramidase; Postoperative Complications; Retrospective Studies; Sensitivity and Specificity; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; Syndrome; Uteroglobin

Intraperitoneal adhesions are an important cause of postoperative intestinal obstruction, abdominal discomfort and infertility. In the present study we hypothesized that a combination of polypeptides with different surface properties, resulting in fine disperse low-soluble complexes, could be of benefit in the prevention of abdominal adhesions.. Various polypeptides including lysozyme, polyglutamate, polylysine and combinations of all three were evaluated as compared to hyaluronic acid. A standard wound on the parietal peritoneum in mice was used and the evaluated agents were administered immediately postoperatively. The extent of peritoneal adhesions to the injured area was measured and expressed as a percentage of the wound length as evaluated after 7 days. Flow cytometry was performed to evaluate the effect on peritoneal macrophage survival and phagocytic function and the Pick test was used to determine peroxide production in order to estimate toxicity and potential impairment of macrophage function caused by the chemicals.. Significant differences were seen among the treatment groups (p<0.001). Both polyglutamate and lysozyme, and polyglutamate together with polylysine significantly decreased adhesion formation as compared to hyaluronic acid. The polylysine-polyglutamate combination was still visible macroscopically on the peritoneal surface after 1 week, though not after 1 month. The polyglutamate-lysozyme mixture was less effective than these individual components alone. The chemicals did not show any toxic effects or altered function in macrophage cell culture.. Lysozyme, polyglutamate and, most effectively, a polyglutamate-polylysine combination significantly decreased experimental abdominal adhesion formation. A strong mechanical connection to the wound and prolonged attendance in the surface were noted. Peritoneal phagocyte function did not seem to be influenced by the chemicals.

Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Animals; Anti-Infective Agents; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Flow Cytometry; Follow-Up Studies; Hyaluronic Acid; Macrophages, Peritoneal; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Muramidase; Peritoneal Diseases; Polyglutamic Acid; Polylysine; Postoperative Complications; Tissue Adhesions; Wound Healing

Lysozyme (ly) concentration in tears was measured the day before and the days following intracapsular cataract extraction in 25 patients. A median ly concentration of 1.30 mg/ml was found pre-operatively. On the first post-operative day a significant drop in the median ly concentration was observed (0.58 mg/ml). Thereafter a gradual rise towards pre-operative level was found at the 12th post-operative day. An inverse correlation existed between ly concentrations and Schirmer values during the observation period, and dilution thus seems to be an important cause of the post-operative drop in ly concentration. We observed an inverse relationship between ly level, and the number (%) of patients displaying bacterial colonization of the conjunctival sac 24 h later. The most frequently isolated bacteria were staphylococcus albus and diphteroids. It is proposed that the drop in ly concentration post-operatively may contribute to an increased risk of bacterial colonization of the eye post-operatively.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Cataract Extraction; Endophthalmitis; Female; Humans; Leukocyte Count; Male; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Postoperative Complications; Tears

Complement-mediated neutrophil activation (CMNA) has been implicated as an important pathophysiologic mechanism contributing to acute microvascular lung injury in the adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Using cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) as a clinical model for complement-mediated microvascular injury, we studied the effects of methylprednisolone (MPSS) pretreatment on manifestations of CMNA in 28 pediatric patients undergoing CPB. Six patients not receiving MPSS served as controls. Results demonstrated that MPSS did not prevent complement activation as noted by 4.5- and 7.7-fold increases in plasma C3a des Arg levels during and immediately after CPB, respectively. However, detectable in vivo and in vitro manifestations of CMNA were altered. Neutropenia during CPB was attenuated to 65% of prebypass values compared with 47% in the control group. Neutrophil selective chemotactic desensitization toward C5a/C5a des Arg during the on bypass and postbypass periods was evident in the control group (0.41 and 0.76 cm specific migration, respectively) and prevented in the MPSS group (1.55 and 2.00 cm specific migration, respectively). We conclude that CMNA during CPB is ameliorated and/or prevented by MPSS pretreatment. These findings suggest that MPSS pretreatment may ameliorate complement-mediated microvascular (lung) injury in CPB and ARDS.

Topics: Anaphylatoxins; Cardiopulmonary Bypass; Chemotactic Factors; Chemotaxis, Leukocyte; Child, Preschool; Complement Activation; Complement C3; Complement C3a; Complement C5; Complement C5a, des-Arginine; Complement System Proteins; Female; Glucuronidase; Humans; Male; Methylprednisolone; Muramidase; Neutropenia; Neutrophils; Postoperative Complications; Premedication; Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Neutrophil superoxide production has been recognized as an important pathway for microbicidal activity and regulation of the local inflammatory environment. To investigate neutrophil superoxide production in sepsis, we studied 22 patients with intra-abdominal infections, and correlated superoxide production with chemotactic response and granular enzyme content. Our results showed that neutrophils from infected patients had specific loss of chemotactic response to C5a, and were deficient in the granular enzymes, lysozyme, and beta-glucuronidase. Superoxide production in response to opsonized zymosan was intact, but response to the chemoattractant N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine was markedly depressed. This could be reversed in vitro by the addition of cytochalasin B. These results suggest that down regulation of exocytosis of superoxide to nonphagocytic stimuli occurs during sepsis, possibly protecting the host from tissue injury due to oxide radical release. Superoxide response to phagocytic stimulation was intact.

Topics: Abdomen; Adult; Aged; Bacterial Infections; Chemotaxis, Leukocyte; Complement C5; Complement C5a; Cytochalasin B; Female; Glucuronidase; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Muramidase; N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine; Neutrophils; Postoperative Complications; Superoxides; Zymosan

Seventeen years after a Billroth II gastric resection for duodenal ulcer had been performed, two large polypoid tumors were found in the gastric stump (outside the stomal area) and in the duodenal stump of a 69-year-old man. Histologically the neoplasms were tubular adenomas with small focal carcinomatous changes restricted to the gastric tumor. A distinctive feature of both tumors was the occurrence of three major cell populations segregated into two different types of neoplastic epithelium: one with columnar mucous cells containing gastric type mucins and mixed with a large number of argyrophil endocrine cells and the other with large, pleomorphic cells containing immunoreactive lysozyme and intestinal type mucins. In the absence of any evidence of generalized gastrointestinal polyposes, it is suggested that both tumors originated from the gastric mucosa (of heterotopic origin in the duodenum) and that the second type epithelium may represent a particular, and up to now unrecognized, type of intestinal metaplasia.

Topics: Aged; Duodenal Neoplasms; Enterochromaffin Cells; Humans; Intestinal Polyps; Male; Mucins; Muramidase; Neoplasms, Multiple Primary; Polyps; Postoperative Complications; Stomach; Stomach Neoplasms; Time Factors

From the clinical and experimental studies, the following results were obtained. The serum lysozyme activity decreased postoperatively and returned to the preoperative level 2 weeks later. Postoperative changes of the activity reflected the state of surgical stress inflicted on the subjects, namely, the changes were parallel to the degree of the stress and their postoperative courses. The postoperative elevation of lysozyme activity in anastomosed colonic tissues or abdominal walls, in which the activity was not determined preoperatively was supposed to be a reasonable phenomenon and closely related to tissue regeneration or protection from bacterial infection. The mechanism of this local elevation should be due to migration from the peripheral blood and movement of the lysozyme-producing or -secreting cells to the wounds. The phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophage hyperfunctioned postoperatively. This might suggest lysozyme synthesis or secretion by peritoneal macrophage and participate in the protective action of the subjects. The postoperative serum lysozyme activity was maintained at the normal level by preoperative peroral administration of egg-white lysozyme preparation, therefore, the administration was thought to be very effective to the acceleration of protective action of the subjects on whom the surgical stress was imposed.

Topics: Aged; Animals; Digestive System Diseases; Digestive System Surgical Procedures; Humans; Macrophages; Male; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Postoperative Complications; Postoperative Period; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Stress, Physiological

The antiinflammatory roentgenotherapy was used in 150 patients with pyo-inflammatory processes (post-operative inflammatory complications, periappendicular infiltration, hydradenitis, osteo-articular panaritium, mastitis). Good and satisfactory results were obtained in 92,6% of the patients. Positive dynamics of the T-lymphocyte level and increased activity of the blood serum lysozyme proved to be good prognostic signs.

Topics: Adult; Bacterial Infections; Combined Modality Therapy; Female; Humans; Leukocyte Count; Male; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Postoperative Complications; Suppuration; T-Lymphocytes

Topics: Adult; C-Reactive Protein; Complement System Proteins; Humans; Immunity, Innate; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Peptic Ulcer; Postoperative Complications; Properdin; Stomach Neoplasms; Surgical Wound Infection

The behaviour of serum and urinary lysozyme was investigated before and after renal transplantation in 20 patients. The mean postoperative observation time was 67.8 (10 to 212) days. In 11 patients with reversible olig-anuria due to prolonged preoperative ischaemia, lysozymuria lasted for a period of 17 days after surgery, whereas in 8 patients with immediate transplant function lysozymuria disappeared 7 days after transplantation. Serum lysozyme concentrations were markedly elevated before transplantation in all patients. In patients with transplant failure due to ischaemia, normalization of serum lysozyme levels was achieved 28 days after surgery; patients with immediate function showed normal serum lysozyme levels already 7 days after transplantation. Prolonged lysozymuria was also noticed in 2 cases with irreversible ischaemic transplant failure, in 1 case with recurrence of glomerulonephritis and in 1 further case with acute pyelonephritis in the transplant. In 7 cases with an acute renal rejection crisis, lysozymuria was evident 0.7 days before clinical diagnosis of rejection. Serum lysozyme levels showed a strong correlation with serum correlation with serum creatinine concentrations. Therefore, lysozymuria in renal transplant patients indicates tubular transplant damage of varied aetiology. Elevated serum lysozyme levels, on the other hand, seem to reflect a reduced glomerular filtration rate.

Topics: Creatinine; Female; Glomerulonephritis; Graft Rejection; Humans; Kidney Transplantation; Male; Muramidase; Postoperative Complications; Pyelonephritis; Transplantation, Homologous

Topics: Humans; Laparotomy; Muramidase; Postoperative Complications; Saliva; Stomatitis; Time Factors

As a result of studies of the complement and serum lysozyme titra, as well as its bactericide index in 250 patients with cholecystitis, it was found that inflammatory lesions of the bile outflow system were accompanied with a considerable reduction of humoral indices of natural immunity, the degree of this decrease being dependent on a gravity of the disease clinical course and a duration of the inflammatory process. Prompt normalization of the immune response factors postoperatively indicated the favourable outcome. Persistant inhibition of the humoral factors activity in most patients preceded the development of clinical signs of complications.

Topics: Cholecystectomy; Cholecystitis; Complement System Proteins; Humans; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Postoperative Complications; Time Factors

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Albuminuria; Alpha-Globulins; Animals; Beta-Globulins; Creatinine; Female; Graft Rejection; Humans; Immune Sera; Immunoassay; Immunodiffusion; Kidney Transplantation; Male; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Postoperative Complications; Proteinuria; Rabbits; Serum Albumin; Serum Globulins; Transplantation, Homologous

Topics: Albuminuria; Alpha-Globulins; Beta-Globulins; Creatinine; Female; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Graft Rejection; Humans; Kidney Transplantation; Male; Muramidase; Postoperative Complications; Potassium; Proteinuria; Sodium; Time Factors; Transplantation, Homologous

Topics: Cadaver; Humans; Kidney Transplantation; Muramidase; Postoperative Complications; Transplantation, Homologous

Topics: Cadaver; Diuresis; Graft Rejection; Humans; Kidney Transplantation; Muramidase; Postoperative Complications; Proteinuria; Time Factors; Transplantation, Homologous

On the assumption that increased urinary lysozyme concentration (;lysozymuria') indicates tubular proteinuria and therefore impaired tubular function, urinary lysozyme has been estimated in acute disorders where transient disturbances of renal function might be expected, in cases diagnosed clinically as extrarenal uraemia, and in a few examples of acute renal disease. Reversible lysozymuria occurred with hypokalaemia, postoperative ;collapse', electrolyte depletion, severe extrarenal infection, acute pyelonephritis, the nephrotic syndrome, after a few apparently uncomplicated surgical operations, and very transiently after ventricular fibrillation abolished by DC shock. There was no lysozymuria with severe uraemic heart failure, aspirin and paracetamol poisoning, or severe jaundice, nor in two cases of acute glomerulonephritis. Although lysozymuria may occasionally be useful in the clinical diagnosis of acutely disordered renal function, the results suggest that its value is limited; on the other hand, they have provided information on renal pathophysiology in acute disease.

Topics: Acetaminophen; Acute Disease; Aspirin; Electroshock; Glomerulonephritis; Heart Failure; Humans; Hypokalemia; Jaundice; Kidney; Kidney Diseases; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Kidney Tubules; Muramidase; Myocardial Infarction; Nephrotic Syndrome; Pneumonia; Postoperative Complications; Proteinuria; Pyelonephritis; Uremia; Ventricular Fibrillation

Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Aminobenzoates; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Dental Pulp Capping; Edema; Enzyme Therapy; Female; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Indomethacin; Inflammation; Male; Mouth Diseases; Muramidase; Nicotinic Acids; Oxyphenbutazone; Postoperative Complications; Pyrazoles; Salicylates; Stomatitis

Topics: Creatinine; Graft Rejection; Histocompatibility; Humans; Kidney Transplantation; Muramidase; Postoperative Complications; Proteinuria; Transplantation Immunology; Transplantation, Homologous; Urea

Topics: Adult; Child; Coagulase; Heart Valve Prosthesis; Humans; Micrococcus; Muramidase; Postoperative Complications; Skin; Staphylococcus; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Adolescent; Anuria; Azathioprine; Complement System Proteins; Glomerulonephritis; Humans; Immunoglobulins; Kidney; Kidney Transplantation; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Muramidase; Postoperative Complications; Prednisone; Transplantation, Homologous

Topics: Animals; Blood Urea Nitrogen; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Creatinine; Dogs; Graft vs Host Reaction; Humans; Ischemia; Kidney; Kidney Transplantation; Kidney Tubules; Muramidase; Postoperative Complications; Spectrophotometry; Transplantation Immunology; Transplantation, Homologous

Topics: Aged; Anti-Infective Agents; Diuretics; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Plant Extracts; Postoperative Complications; Prostatectomy; Prostatic Diseases

Topics: Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Antiviral Agents; Dermatologic Agents; Muramidase; Postoperative Complications; Surgical Procedures, Operative