muramidase and Peritonitis

The in vitro and in vivo antipneumococcal activities of the main pneumococcal autolysin (LytA) and Cpl-1, a lysozyme encoded by phage Cp-1, were studied. Intraperitoneal therapy with LytA or high-dose Cpl-1 remarkably reduced peritoneal bacterial counts (>5 log(10) CFU/ml) compared with those for the controls. After intravenous injection, LytA was the most effective treatment.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Ascitic Fluid; Bacteriophages; beta-Lactams; Colony Count, Microbial; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Injections, Intravenous; Mice; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Muramidase; N-Acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine Amidase; Peritonitis; Pneumococcal Infections; Streptococcus pneumoniae

Topics: Animals; Armin; Blood Bactericidal Activity; Cholinergic Agents; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Escherichia coli Infections; Immunity, Cellular; Mice; Muramidase; Neutrophils; Peritonitis; Quinuclidines

The effect of lysozyme (2 mg/kg) on pharmacokinetics of ampicillin (60 mg/kg) and the lymph nodes was studied in a model of experimental diffuse peritonitis in 52 dogs. The drugs were administered intramuscularly in single doses simultaneously with simulation of the pathological process. Under such conditions, lysozyme promoted an increase in the ampicillin concentration in the lymphatic system, blood and tissues and prolonged the antibacterial activity to 18 hours of the experiment. This resulted in retarding lympho- and hematogenic dissemination of the infection from the primary focus and lowered the infectious and toxic affection of the regional lymph nodes, thus securing their barrier and immunological function. With lysozyme used in combination with the antibiotic the immunomorphological zones of the lymph nodes appeared to be preserved and the volumetric proportion of macrophages increased. Then the volumetric proportion of the blast cells and the frequency of macrophagal and lymphocytic interactions also increased. The most pronounced cell interactions were observed in the distal (tracheobronchial) lymph nodes whose functions before the infection generalization were mainly immunological.

Topics: Ampicillin; Animals; Biological Availability; Dogs; Female; Injections, Intramuscular; Lymph; Lymph Nodes; Male; Muramidase; Peritonitis

Topics: Acute Disease; Adjuvants, Immunologic; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Appendicitis; Cholecystitis; Humans; Immunity, Cellular; Immunity, Innate; Male; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Peritonitis; Postoperative Care

Fibrin deposition initiated by peritonitis is thought to be an important local defense mechanism because it sequesters and walls off bacterial spillage. However, fibrin has been shown to predispose to residual abscess formation in rat peritonitis model. To examine the potential mechanisms of this effect, fibrin was tested in vitro for its inhibitory effect on neutrophil function. At all concentrations tested (50-1000 mg/dl), fibrin significantly impaired the ability of neutrophils to kill Escherichia coli. This inhibition occurred in a dose dependent fashion with almost complete prevention of killing at the highest concentration tested. Further studies showed that pre-exposure to fibrin did not reduce the neutrophil's ability to degranulate, undergo a respiratory burst, or kill E. coli, indicating that fibrin did not cause irreversible damage to the normal microbicidal functions of the neutrophil. However, fibrin, at physiologic concentrations, significantly impaired phagocytosis of radiolabeled E. coli. The data support the concept that phagocytosis of bacteria is impaired by neutrophils enmeshed in fibrin. Thus, contaminated fibrin could act as a nidus for residual abscesses formation following peritonitis even if an adequate number of normal leukocytes were present.

Topics: Escherichia coli; Fibrin; In Vitro Techniques; Luminescent Measurements; Muramidase; Neutrophils; Peritonitis; Phagocytosis

Endolymphatic infusions of an antibacterial complex (antibiotic--lysozyme--proteinase inhibitor) resulted in recovery of 92,6% of patients after a complex treatment of diffuse peritonitis and sepsis. Gauze-sorbent tampons used in empyema of pleura give rapid cleaning of the cavity walls from pyo-necrotic masses and decreased the activity of the inflammatory process.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Drug Combinations; Empyema; Foot; Humans; Injections, Intralymphatic; Muramidase; Peritonitis; Protease Inhibitors

Topics: Adult; Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; Blood Proteins; Complement C3; Humans; Immunity, Innate; Immunoglobulin A; Immunoglobulin G; Immunoglobulin M; Leukocytes; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Peritonitis; Proteins

Topics: Adult; Alcoholism; Ascitic Fluid; Bacteroides fragilis; Complement C3; Complement C4; Enterococcus faecalis; Escherichia coli; Female; Humans; Immunoglobulin A; Immunoglobulin G; Immunoglobulin M; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Liver Cirrhosis; Male; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Peritonitis; Streptococcus pneumoniae

It is found that in appendicular peritonitis, as the inflammatory process progresses, the protective functions of the organism are lowered, and the intensity of inflammatory changes is increased. The determination of the natural resistance status of the body in peritonitis in children may be used for an objective estimation of the process course, the efficacy of therapeutic measures and prognostication.

Topics: Adolescent; Amino Acid Isomerases; Appendicitis; Blood Bactericidal Activity; C-Reactive Protein; Child; Child, Preschool; Complement System Proteins; Humans; Infant; Muramidase; Peritonitis

Serum lysozyme and hemolytic complement (CH100) levels were measured in dogs with experimental Bacteroides peritonitis. The CH100 levels showed little change in surviving animals. Nonsurvivors showed a moderate decrease in complement levels shortly after contamination. Both surviving and nonsurviving animals showed a slight initial decrease in lysozyme levels shortly after contamination. In surviving dogs this was followed by an increase to normal levels. In nonsurvivors, levels continued to increase, reaching a threefold magnification just prior to death. As a result of antibiotic therapy, CH100 levels exhibited no major changes; however, dogs deprived of antibiotic showed noticeable and persistent increases in lysozyme levels while treated animals showed only a mild elevation in lysozyme levels. The changes in the level of serum lysozyme may be a good indicator of antibiotic efficacy and approaching death from Bacteroides peritonitis.

Topics: Animals; Bacteroides Infections; Clindamycin; Complement System Proteins; Dogs; Female; Male; Muramidase; Peritonitis; Prognosis; Therapeutic Irrigation

The lysozyme (muramidase) content of peritoneal fluid samples has been found to be an early indicator of the onset of infection in the course of peritoneal dialysis. A level of 10.0 mug/ml indicates peritoneal infection and one of 7.5 mug/ml is highly suspicious.

Topics: Ascitic Fluid; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; Heparin; Humans; Kanamycin; Muramidase; Pancreatitis; Peritoneal Dialysis; Peritonitis

Topics: Humans; Leukocyte Count; Muramidase; Peritoneal Dialysis; Peritonitis

Topics: Abortion, Septic; Antitoxins; C-Reactive Protein; Clostridium Infections; Escherichia coli Infections; Female; gamma-Globulins; Humans; Muramidase; Peritonitis; Pregnancy; Sepsis; Staphylococcal Infections

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cellulitis; Female; Humans; Immunotherapy; Muramidase; Pelvic Inflammatory Disease; Peritonitis; Pregnancy; Puerperal Infection; Sepsis; Sulfonamides; Uterine Diseases

Topics: Animals; Cell Biology; Mice; Mononuclear Phagocyte System; Muramidase; Newcastle disease virus; Orthomyxoviridae; Perfusion; Peritoneum; Peritonitis; Research; Tissue Culture Techniques

Topics: Abscess; Amino Acids; Animals; Cytoplasmic Granules; Electrophoresis; Guinea Pigs; Histocytochemistry; Immunity; Leukemia; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocytes; Lysosomes; Muramidase; Peritonitis; Rabbits; Ribonucleases

Topics: Humans; Leukocyte Count; Leukocytosis; Muramidase; Neutrophils; Peritonitis