muramidase and Periodontal-Diseases

Biomarkers of periodontal disease activity may be obtained from potential proteolytic and hydrolytic enzymes of inflammatory cell origin. Studies that have sought to correlate these enzymes with periodontal disease activity are reviewed with special consideration given to collagenases, cysteine, aspartate and serine proteinases, beta-glucuronidase, arylsulphate, alkaline and acid phosphatases, myeloperoxidase, lysozyme and lactoferrin.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Arylsulfatases; Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases; Biomarkers; Collagenases; Cysteine Endopeptidases; Glucuronidase; Humans; Hydrolases; Lactoferrin; Muramidase; Peptide Hydrolases; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontitis; Peroxidase; Serine Endopeptidases

It is becoming increasingly apparent that the traditional clinical criteria are inadequate for: determining active disease sites in periodontitis, monitoring quantitatively the response to therapy or measuring the degree of susceptibility to future breakdown. In an attempt to develop objective measures, a wide variety of studies have been undertaken using saliva, blood, plaque and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) as the specimen source. Examination has included: specific bacteria and their products; host cells and their products (enzymatic and antibacterial, both immunologic and non-immunologic); products of tissue injury derived from local epithelial and connective tissues and bone. Although most of the work to date has failed to provide reliable aids to the clinician, refinements in techniques for sampling and the availability of more sophisticated analytic techniques give cause for optimism. Methods proposed for detection of disease-associated bacteria in subgingival plaque vary in their sensitivity and specificity. Dark field microscopy shows some correlation with existing disease; however, the limited specificity of this method imposes severe restrictions on its usefulness. Highly specific polyclonal and monoclonal antisera to suspected pathogens Bacteroides gingivalis and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans have been developed and improved methods of identification of these microbes in plaque by ELISA immunofluorescence and flow cytometry are under development. With respect to the host response, a strong correlation between antibody patterns to specific bacteria and periodontal disease categories appears to be emerging. Although most studies have focused on serum antibody derived from peripheral blood, a shift to detection of local antibody response appears to be likely. Techniques of measurement that are exquisitely sensitive have been developed for detection of major immune recognition proteins such as antibody and complement in crevicular fluid. Research efforts attempting to correlate local antibody response to local disease activity are underway. Measurement of GCF flow rate, endotoxin, H2S, butyrate and a variety of enzymes (e.g., collagenase, arylsulfatase, B-glucuronidase) show good correlation with levels of gingivitis. In periodontitis, the most promising markers of tissue breakdown are prostaglandins of the E series, the enzymes collagenase and aspartate aminotransferase, sulfated glycosaminoglycans, osteoclastic activating factor and bon

Topics: Animals; Antibodies, Bacterial; Bacteria; Bacteriological Techniques; Bone Resorption; Butyrates; Butyric Acid; Complement System Proteins; Dental Plaque; Electrolytes; Endotoxins; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Humans; Hydrogen Sulfide; Intracellular Fluid; Lactoferrin; Leukocytes; Muramidase; Periodontal Diseases; Polyamines; Propionates

The current knowledge on the cellular, host-response features in juvenile periodontitis (JP) has been reviewed. The chemotaxis of the polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), known to be defective in JP, is modulated by serum factors and bacteria. The interactions of the putative etiologic pathogen Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (A.a.) and the enzyme lysozyme with PMNs modify the host defense. Data on the phagocytic capacity of the peripheral blood and gingival crevice PMNs in JP are still controversial. The monocytes exhibit similar alterations as PMNs in interaction with A.a., but the reports on defective monocyte chemotaxis are conflicting. Both bacterial challenge and genetic factors may regulate the lymphocyte response in JP.

Topics: Actinobacillus; Aggressive Periodontitis; Animals; B-Lymphocytes; Bacteria; Chemotactic Factors; Chemotaxis, Leukocyte; Humans; Immunity, Cellular; Lymphocytes; Mice; Monocytes; Muramidase; Neutrophils; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontitis; Phagocytosis; T-Lymphocytes

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Cells, Cultured; Female; Gingivitis; Humans; Male; Mastication; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontitis; Phagocytosis; Polysaccharides, Bacterial; Saliva

Root surface caries is prevalent in patients with both treated and untreated periodontal disease. The major etiologic factor has been identified as microbial plaque. In periodontally treated patients, significantly higher root caries prevalence and incidence have been found in patients with high levels of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacilli in saliva. Reducing the levels of S. mutans and Lactobacilli in saliva may lower the risk of root caries development. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effect of an oral enzymatic rinse on the salivary counts of S. mutans and Lactobacilli in periodontally treated patients. Fifteen adult subjects participated in a double-blind, cross-over designed clinical trial. Each subject had previously undergone comprehensive periodontal therapy and had been maintained on a regular program of supportive periodontal therapy. Paraffin-stimulated whole saliva was collected from each participant. Each subject was then randomly given either the enzymatic rinse product or a control rinse and instructed to rinse with one tablespoonful twice a day for 2 weeks, after which saliva samples were taken. After a washout period, salivary samples were again taken, and the subjects received the alternate rinse product. Two weeks later, final salivary samples were taken. The salivary samples were serially diluted and incubated aerobically on selective culture media. S. mutans and Lactobacilli were counted on the basis of colonial morphology. Pretreatment and posttreatment salivary counts of S. mutans and Lactobacilli were analyzed using the Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank test at the 5% level of significance. Analysis of data revealed that neither the test nor the control rinse significantly lowered salivary counts of either species in the sample population.

Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cross-Over Studies; Double-Blind Method; Drug Combinations; Female; Glucose Oxidase; Humans; Lactobacillus; Lactoperoxidase; Male; Middle Aged; Mouthwashes; Muramidase; Periodontal Diseases; Saliva; Streptococcus mutans; Treatment Failure

The common usage of chewing sticks prepared from Neem tree (Azadirachta indica) in India suggests its potential efficacy in periodontal diseases. The objective of this study is to explore the antibacterial effects of Neem leaf extract on the periodontophatic bacteria Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum, and its antioxidant capacities alone and in combination with bacteria and polycationic peptides that may be at the site of inflammation.. Neem leaf extract was prepared by ethanol extraction. The growth kinetics of P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum under anaerobic conditions in the presence of Neem leaf extract were measured. Broth microdilution test was used to determine the Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of Neem leaf extract against each bacterial strain. The effect of Neem leaf extract on the coaggregation of the bacteria was assessed by a visual semi-quantitative assay. The antioxidant capacities of Neem leaf extract alone and in combination with bacteria, with the addition of red blood cells or the polycationic peptides chlorhexidine and lisozyme, were determined using a chemiluminescence assay.. Neem leaf extract showed prominent dose-dependent antibacterial activity against P. gingivalis, however, had no effect on the growth of F. nucleatum nor on the coaggregation of the two bacteria. Yet, it showed intense antioxidant activity, which was amplified following adherence to bacteria and with the addition of red blood cells or the polycationic peptides.. Neem leaf extract, containing polyphenols that adhere to oral surfaces, have the potential to provide long-lasting antibacterial as well as synergic antioxidant activities when in complex with bacteria, red blood cells and lisozyme. Thus, it might be especially effective in periodontal diseases.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Antioxidants; Azadirachta; Chlorhexidine; Erythrocytes; Fusobacterium; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Humans; India; Medicine, Traditional; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Muramidase; Peptides; Periodontal Diseases; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Polyamines; Polyelectrolytes; Polyphenols; Porphyromonas; Porphyromonas gingivalis

To detect the salivary factors related to caries and periodontal disease and to analyze the risk of caries and periodontal disease in children and adolescents with diabetes mellitus.. The study comprised 30 children with diabetic mellitus, aged 7-15 years old, and 60 healthy age-and gender-matched children. Caries and periodontal indexes were recorded and saliva related factors were analyzed.. Caries indexes of diabetes children [permanent teeth: decay missing filling tooth (DMFT) M (Q1,Q3) = 0(0, 4), deciduous teeth: decay missing filling tooth (dmft) M (Q1,Q3) = 0(0, 1)] were not significantly different with those of healthy children [DMFT M (Q1,Q3) = 1(0, 3), dmft M (Q1,Q3) = 0(0, 4)], but plaque index (PLI) (1.25 ± 0.33) and bleeding index (BI) (0.74 ± 0.45) of diabetes children were significantly higher than those of healthy children (PLI was 0.93 ± 0.31,BI was 0.34 ± 0.22) (P < 0.001). Salivary pH of diabetes children (7.68 ± 0.36) was significantly higher than that of healthy children (7.30 ± 0.32) (P < 0.05), and salivary acid buffering capacity had no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). Salivary glucose, immunoglobulin sIgA and sIgG were not significantly different between the two groups (P > 0.05).Salivary lysozyme of diabetes children was significantly higher than that of healthy children (P < 0.05). Total protein was significantly lower in diabetes children than in healthy children (P < 0.05). Salivary lactate dehydrogenase had no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05).. Diabetes mellitus can lead to the changes of some salivary factors related to gingivitis in diabetes children. Children and adolescents with diabetes mellitus may have a higher risk of periodontal disease.

Topics: Adolescent; Case-Control Studies; Child; Dental Caries; Dental Plaque Index; Diabetes Complications; DMF Index; Female; Gingivitis; Glucose; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Immunoglobulin A, Secretory; Lactate Dehydrogenases; Male; Muramidase; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontal Index; Proteins; Saliva

Topics: Biomarkers; Coronary Disease; Endothelium, Vascular; Female; Humans; Leukocytes; Male; Muramidase; Periodontal Diseases; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Saliva

The aim of this study was the evaluation of connection between parodontium determined by using GI and PBI indexes and specific immunity status and non-specific in HIV infected group and in control group.. The study was carried out in the group of 37 patients infected with HIV. Mixed non-stimulated saliva was used for the study. Peroxidase activity was determined using the method by Mansson-Rahemtull. Lysozyme and A, G, M antibodies concentrations were determined with the use of radial immunodiffusion method. The concentration of lactoferrin was determined by using ELISA method. The clinical state of parodontium estimated by means of GI and PBI evaluating quality changes in the gum.. Deterioration of the immunological status of subjects was accompanied by the increase of the values of GI and PBI. The strong negative correlation between GI and PBI and the concentration of lactoferrin and positive activity of the peroxidase in the whole examined population was determined. In the infected group the correlation between the status of gingiva expressed by GI and concentration or activity of examined enzymes and immunoglobulins was not ascertained.. 1. HIV infection is connected to worsening of paradontium status expressed by values of GI and PBI indexes. 2. Paradontium status correlated positively with immunological status of HIV positive subjects. 3. In HIV infected group, no connection between number of IgA, IgG, IgM, concentration of lysozyme, lactoferrin, activity of peroxidase and paradontium status was observed.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Immunoglobulins; Lactoferrin; Male; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontium; Peroxidase; Saliva

Lysozyme has a bactericidal activity for some strains of Gram-positive bacteria, by enzymatic cleavage of peptidoglycans that constitute the cell wall. Hen egg-white lysozyme (HEL) was tested in vitro for effects on biological activities of lipopolysaccharides from periodontopathic Gram-negative bacteria. Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Prevotella intermedia and Porphyromonas gingivalis. HEL inhibited a wide range of activities of these lipopolysaccharides, including activation of Limulus amoebocyte lysate, stimulation of human leukocytes to secrete tumour necrosis factor-alpha, polyclonal activation of mouse B cells, and promotion of osteoclastic differentiation in mouse bone marrow cultures. The anti-endotoxic activity of HEL may be worthy of being intended for periodontal therapy.

Topics: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans; Animals; Antitoxins; Cell Differentiation; Chickens; Egg Proteins; Egg White; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Humans; Limulus Test; Lipopolysaccharides; Lymphocyte Activation; Mice; Muramidase; Osteoclasts; Periodontal Diseases; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Prevotella intermedia; Protein Binding

The presence of lipoproteins and lipooligosaccharides in Treponema denticola, an oral spirochaete associated with periodontal diseases, was investigated. T. denticola ATCC 35404 and the clinical isolate GM-1 were metabolically labeled with [3H]-cis-9-octadecenoic acid and extracted with the non-ionic detergent Triton X-114. The extract was phase separated, precipitated with acetone and delipidated to remove non-covalently bound lipid (dLPP). In T. denticola ATCC 35404, sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide electrophoretic separation followed by autoradiography showed [3H]-cis-9-octadecenoic acid incorporation in bands with apparent molecular masses of 14, 20, 26, 31, 38, 72 and 85 kDa and a broad band running from 113 kDa to the top of the gel. This last band resolved into a 53 kDa [3H]-cis-9-octadecenoic acid band upon heating for 10 min, at 100 degrees C. The structural relationship of the outer sheath major oligomeric polypeptide of strain ATCC 35404 and the 53 kDa protein was demonstrated immunologically. Antibodies against the 113 kDa component of the oligomer cross-reacted with the 53 kDa protein. Proteinase K degraded the [3H]-cis-9-octadecenoic acid bands with the exception of the 14 kDa. The 14 kDa was also the major [3H]-fatty acid labeled compound found in the water phase following phenol-water extraction of whole T. denticola ATCC 35404 cells. This compound was purified from the water phase by gel filtration followed by hydrophobic chromatography. Chemical analysis showed that hexadecanoic acid was the predominant fatty acid bound to T. denticola lipoproteins. In the GM-1 strain [3H]-cis-9-octadecenoic acid incorporation was observed in the 116 kDa and 14 kDa bands. dLPP from strain ATCC 35404 caused an enhanced (0.8-8 micrograms/ml) luminol dependent chemiluminiscence (LDCL) effect in human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) which could be related to protein concentration. The addition of dLPP to PMN together with FMLP at submaximal concentration (1 microM) resulted in a synergistic activation of LDCL. At 21 micrograms/ml, dLPP also induced lysozyme release by the PMN at approximately 30% of the release induced by the chemotactic peptide at 1 microM. In addition, dLPP (21 micrograms/ml) increased additively the release of lysozyme caused by 1 microM FMLP. The release of beta-glucuronidase was not affected. The modulation of neutrophil activity was abolished by preincubation of dLPP with proteinase K. The purified 14 kDa had no effect on eith

Topics: Antibodies; Autoradiography; Bacterial Proteins; Chemotactic Factors; Chromatography; Chromatography, Gel; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Endopeptidase K; Enzyme Inhibitors; Exocytosis; Fatty Acids; Glucuronidase; Humans; Indicators and Reagents; Lipopolysaccharides; Lipoproteins; Luminescent Measurements; Luminol; Muramidase; N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine; Neutrophil Activation; Neutrophils; Oleic Acid; Oligosaccharides; Palmitic Acid; Periodontal Diseases; Radiopharmaceuticals; Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; Surface-Active Agents; Treponema; Tritium

One hundred and thirty-one patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 (IDDM) and 20 healthy controls were checked for the presence of periodontal diseases and for some oral microbiological parameters. Results demonstrated that IDDM patients, who were well compensated from both the metabolic and clinical point of view, showed a prevalence for periodontopathies, which only differed slightly from controls. Only the presence of gingivitis was significantly higher in IDDM patients than in healthy subjects. Both anaerobic and aerobic microbial flora did not show substantial differences for either group. Among the salivary antibacterial factors studied, lysozyme was significantly decreased in diabetic patients compared to controls. It is concluded that IDDM patients undergo periodontal complications with a frequency quite close to that of non-diabetic healthy subjects, when the disease is under strict metabolic and clinical control.

Topics: Acetylglucosaminidase; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Child; Child, Preschool; Colony Count, Microbial; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Female; Humans; Immunoglobulin A, Secretory; Italy; Male; Middle Aged; Mouth Mucosa; Muramidase; Oral Hygiene; Periodontal Diseases; Prevalence; Saliva; Severity of Illness Index

A micromethod for lysozyme measurement with a Uniskan-1 spectrophotometer has been developed. The concentration of this enzyme was measured in 5-10 microliters of saliva and blood. Lysozyme levels were measured in miners of deep mines who had various dental conditions.

Topics: Coal Mining; Humans; Muramidase; Nephelometry and Turbidimetry; Periodontal Diseases; Saliva; Tooth Diseases

A clinical trial was performed to examine the effect of ACDEMIN, a combination of lysozyme chloride and vitamins (manufactured by Grelan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.,; supplied by Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd.). The subjects were 65 patients with slight to moderate symptoms associated with locally developed diseases including gingivitis, periodontitis, pericoronitis of the wisdom tooth and gingival abscess. Improvement of the condition was evaluated according to symptom on the basis of local findings examined prior to and 7 days after administration. Adverse effects were also evaluated in terms of discomfort. General improvement was determined on the basis of improvement in symptoms and general safety on the basis of a comprehensive assessment of the adverse effects. The usefulness of the drug was determined on the basis of general improvement and general safety as assessed above. The results were as follows: 1) Of the 65 patients who entered the trial, 62 completed the course of administration. 2) The rates of improvement ("slightly improved" or better) according to symptom were 65.6% for gingival inflammation, 40.0% for bleeding, 50.0% for pus discharge, 41.8% for swelling, 61.9% for local pain, 26.7% for mouth odor, 21.7% for color tone and 62.3% for discomfort. 3) The rates of usefulness ("slightly useful" or better) according to disease were 66.7% for gingivitis, 92.0% for periodontitis, 81.8% for pericoronitis of the wisdom tooth and 100.0% for gingival abscess. 4) The usefulness of the drug was graded "very useful" in 4 patients, "fairly useful" in 18, "slightly useful" in 31 and "not useful" in none, with an overall rate of usefulness of 85.5% ("faily useful" or better). 5) No patients presented symptoms indicating an adverse effect.

Topics: Humans; Minerals; Muramidase; Periodontal Diseases; Vitamins

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Female; Gingivitis; Humans; Immunity, Innate; Male; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontitis; Saliva

Topics: Adolescent; Humans; Male; Muramidase; Oral Hygiene; Periodontal Diseases; Saliva

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Dental Caries; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mouth Diseases; Mouth Mucosa; Muramidase; Occupational Dentistry; Periodontal Diseases; Saliva

Topics: Adult; Alveoloplasty; Bone and Bones; Bone Transplantation; Female; Gingival Pocket; Humans; Immunity; Immunoglobulin A, Secretory; Male; Middle Aged; Mouth; Muramidase; Periodontal Diseases; Postoperative Period; Transplantation Immunology

This study was designed to determine if quantitation of lysosomal products in crevicular fluid may be useful as a diagnostic test to evaluate clinical status in periodontal disease. Levels of lysozyme and lactoferrin were quantitated in crevicular fluid from patients with gingivitis, generalized adult periodontitis, localized juvenile periodontitis and normals. Crevicular fluid (CF) was collected from each patient by standardized filter paper strips and evaluated for lysozyme and lactoferrin by rocket immunoelectrophoresis. Levels of lysozyme (micrograms of protein per microliter of CF) were significantly higher in localized juvenile periodontitis patients as compared to gingivitis and adult periodontitis. On the other hand, levels of lactoferrin (micrograms of protein per microliter of CF) did not show significant differences between gingivitis, adult periodontitis and localized juvenile periodontitis. These results indicate that a lysozyme to lactoferrin ratio could be of value as a diagnostic test for localized juvenile periodontitis patients.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Gingival Crevicular Fluid; Gingivitis; Humans; Immunoelectrophoresis; Lactoferrin; Lactoglobulins; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontitis

Topics: Gingivitis; Humans; Muramidase; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontitis; Tablets

Topics: Adult; Aged; Female; Gingivitis; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontitis; Toothbrushing; Toothpastes

Topics: Adult; Aged; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Periodontal Diseases

Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Periodontal Diseases; Saliva

Topics: Humans; Muramidase; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontium

Topics: Humans; Massage; Muramidase; Oral Hygiene; Periodontal Diseases

Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Alveolar Process; Bone Resorption; Female; Gingival Crevicular Fluid; Gingival Pocket; Gingivitis; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Oral Hygiene Index; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontal Index; Sex Factors; Tooth Mobility

Human supragingival dental plaque was collected from patients with various degrees of caries and periodontal disease. Plaque extracts, prepared in five different solutions (four varied from pH 1.8 to 12.7; one contained urea), were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and tested for amylase and lysozyme enzyme activity. Because no qualitative or quantitative advantages of using the extremes of pH or urea were observed, all subsequent extracts were prepared in phosphate buffered saline at pH 7.3. Concentrated extracts were fractionated by gel filtration and characterized by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, peptide mapping, molecular weight estimation, determination of enzymatic activities and amino acid and carbohydrate analyses. Regions of similarity among the gels were revealed by comparing the electrophoretic patterns of pooled plaque extract, normal serum and whole saliva. The elution pattern of pooled plaque extract from a standardized Sephadex G-200 column indicated the presence of both high and low molecular weight proteins that might have correlated with the components of normal serum and saliva. A predominant and dialyzable third fraction had no correlate in either serum or saliva. The small peptides in this fraction were subjected to amino acid, carbohydrate and peptide map analyses. The most abundant amino acids were alanine, glutamic acid, glycine, valine, leucine, lysine and serine. These small components contained no neutral or amino sugars. Pooled plaque extract and the small peptides exhibited similar peptide maps.

Topics: Alanine; Amylases; Betaine; Dental Caries; Dental Plaque; Glutamates; Glycine; Humans; Leucine; Muramidase; Periodontal Diseases; Saliva; Serine; Valine

Separate plaque samples (collected from 13 patients who had experienced caries and various degrees of periodontal disease) were each dispersed in 1 ml of distilled water, homogenized and lyophilized. Each lyophilisate was extracted in 1 ml of buffered saline, concentrated and analyzed. Enzyme activity studies revealed amylase in all plaque samples. Lysozyme was present occasionally. By radial immunodiffusion, IgG and IgA were shown to be in plaque extracts of some patients. Immunofluorescence examination of the sediments of individual plaque samples revealed that IgG and IgA occurred frequently. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis patterns of the extracts of plaque from different individuals exhibited marked variability despite some zones of similarity. Peptide maps of the dialysable material of the individual plaque extracts were remarkably similar.

Topics: Amylases; Dental Caries; Dental Plaque; Humans; Immunoglobulin A; Immunoglobulin G; Muramidase; Periodontal Diseases; Proteins

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Antigen-Antibody Reactions; Child; Complement Fixation Tests; Gingiva; Glucuronidase; Humans; Immunochemistry; Immunoglobulins; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Periodontal Diseases; Staining and Labeling

Topics: Dental Caries; Immunochemistry; Muramidase; Periodontal Diseases; Saliva

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Child; Dental Caries; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Periodontal Diseases; Saliva

Topics: Muramidase; Periodontal Diseases; Tetracycline; Tooth Extraction

Topics: Dentistry; Muramidase; Periodontal Diseases

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Muramidase; Periodontal Diseases; Vitamin K

The biological activity of Odontomyces viscosus, which has been reported to cause periodontal disease in hamsters, was examined. The microorganism was cultured anaerobically in Brain Heart Infusion broth, and the cells were harvested. The washed cells were injected intradermally into the abdomen of rabbits. After 72 hr, a well-defined, firm, raised nodule (about 1.0 by 1.5 cm) with an erythematous border was seen at the injection site. Suspensions of cell wall and cytoplasmic material were injected intradermally, and the lesions appeared only at the site of cell wall injection. The cell walls, which were then treated with trypsin, pepsin, and ribonuclease, again produced the characteristic lesion. These nodular dermal lesions persisted for a minimal time of 10 days. The enzymatically treated cell walls were then hydrolyzed with 1 n HCl, and such hydrolysis up to 1 hr failed to alter the toxic activity of the cell walls. Similar dermal nodular lesions were obtained by injection of enzymatically treated cell walls of strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus groups B, C, E, F, K, Lactobacillus casei, and Actinomyces israelii. Treatment with hot and cold trichloroacetic acid solutions and proteolytic enzymes, or with formamide, yielded insoluble fractions which produced the characteristic nodular lesions. The size of the lesion resulting from injection of these fractions was proportional to the amount of the injected material. The active fraction, which does not appear susceptible to hydrolysis by lysozyme, is thought to be cell wall mucopeptide. Histological studies showed skin abscesses due to the toxic reaction; however, in addition to the acute inflammatory reaction, there was local eosinophilia.

Topics: Actinomyces; Animals; Bacteria; Bacterial Proteins; Cell Wall; Eosinophilia; Lactobacillus; Mucoproteins; Muramidase; Pepsin A; Periodontal Diseases; Rabbits; Ribonucleases; Skin Diseases; Staphylococcus; Streptococcus; Toxins, Biological; Trypsin

Topics: Gingival Diseases; Humans; Muramidase; Periodontal Diseases; Peritoneal Diseases; Tissue Adhesions