muramidase and Pancreatitis

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is usually accompanied by intestinal failure, but its mechanism is still unclear. In AP patients, the functions of Paneth cells (lysozyme, HD5, Reg3γ, and Wnt3a) decreased. Compared with AP mice, injuries and inflammation of the pancreas and ileum were aggravated in AP mice treated with dithizone (Dith) (Dith+AP mice). Intestinal permeability and bacterial translocation were also increased. 16S rRNA sequencing showed that the gut microbiota of Dith mice and Dith+AP mice exhibited a marked increase in the pathogenic bacterium

Topics: Acute Disease; Animals; Dysbiosis; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Mice; Muramidase; Pancreatitis; Paneth Cells; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S

We sought to determine whether the clinical setting in which pancreatitis occurs affects the incidence and distribution of increased values of renal clearance of amylase relative to creatinine, CAm/CCr, and whether the increased values reflect a tubular disorder that impairs renal reclamation of certain low molecular weight proteins. We measured the renal clearance of three low molecular weight proteins (amylase, beta 2-microglobulin, and lysozyme) and urinary excretion of three lysosomal enzymes that originate from the renal tubule in three groups of patients (alcoholic pancreatitis, pancreatitis without alcoholism, and alcoholism without pancreatitis). When compared to normal controls, the mean CAm/CCr was significantly elevated in alcoholic pancreatitis (p less than 0.05) but not in equally severe pancreatitis without alcoholism nor in alcoholism without pancreatitis. The clearance ratio of beta 2-microglobulin was significantly increased in each of the three patient groups; mean clearance ratio of lysozyme was not significantly increased in any of the patient groups. Excretion of each of the three lysosomal enzymes was significantly increased in each of the patient groups. We conclude that the etiology of pancreatitis affects the distribution of values for CAm/CCr, impaired tubular reclamation of amylase is the mechanism of the increase in CAm/CCr, and a factor or factors associated with both pancreatitis and with alcoholism per se appear to disorder the renal tubule and to impair tubular reclamation of some but not all low molecular weight proteins-a novel finding of considerable potential significance.

Topics: Acetylglucosaminidase; Acute Disease; Alcoholism; Amylases; beta 2-Microglobulin; Cerebroside-Sulfatase; Creatinine; Glucuronidase; Humans; Kidney Tubules; Muramidase; Pancreatitis

Topics: Adolescent; Biliary Dyskinesia; Child; Child, Preschool; Duodenitis; Gastric Juice; Gastritis; Humans; Immunoglobulins; Muramidase; Oropharynx; Pancreatitis; Saliva

Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Aged; Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; Blood Bactericidal Activity; Blood Proteins; Chronic Disease; Complement System Proteins; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Immunity, Innate; Lymph; Male; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Pancreatitis; Proteins; Serologic Tests

Topics: Adolescent; Child; Chronic Disease; Duodenum; Humans; Intestinal Secretions; Muramidase; Pancreatitis

To verify whether renal tubular dysfunction may account for the CAm/CCr enhancement in acute pancreatitis (AP), we have measured the renal excretion of amylase, lysozyme, and gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase (GGTP) in 22 patients with AP and in 8 with acute tubular necrosis. While the CAm/CCr ratio was elevated in most patients with AP, the CLys/CCr ratio fell within the normal range in 60% of these patients. The subdivision of patients with AP in subgroups with elevated and normal CLys/CCr ratios revealed a mean CAm/CCr not statistically different. Moreover, no correlation was present in AP between amylase vs. both lysozyme and GGTP clearances. These data suggest that tubular dysfunction does occur in some but not in all the patients with AP and seems not to play a major role in the pathogenesis of the increased CAm/CCr ratio in this condition.

Topics: Acute Disease; Amylases; Creatinine; gamma-Glutamyltransferase; Humans; Kidney Tubules; Muramidase; Necrosis; Pancreatitis

In order to assess to what extent glomerular or tubular function is involved in the renal handling of amylase and the lysozyme to creatine clearance ratios (CAm/CCr and CLys/CCr) were evaluated in 22 healthy volunteers and in 71 patients with different renal diseases. In normal controls, the mean CAm/CCr was 2.55 +/-1.54 SD, with an upper normal limit of 5.56. A normal ratio was found in patients with glomerulonephritis, with or without a nephrotic syndrome, and in patients with pyelonephritis. A significantly elevated ratio (P less than 0.001) was instead found in patients with uremia and in patients with uremia and in patients with either chronic or acute tubular damage. The CLus/CCr ratio was elevated in all the groups, except in patients with glomerulonephritis and minimal proteinuria. These results show that in humans, as in animals, the amylase filtered load undergoes partial tubular reabsorption. In renal diseases, an increase of the CAm/CCr is caused by either a marked reduction of functioning nephrons or a severe tubular damage, while the glomerular permeability does not seem to be involved. Some other mechanism is probably involved in the elevation of the CAm/CCr during acute pancreatitis.

Topics: Acute Disease; Amylases; Creatinine; Glomerulonephritis; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Kidney Glomerulus; Muramidase; Nephrotic Syndrome; Pancreatitis; Proteinuria; Pyelonephritis

The amylase:creatinine clearance ratio in patients suffering from acute pancreatitis or acute duodenal perforation was higher than normal in both groups of patients. These findings cast doubt on the value of this parameter as a specific index of acute pancreatitis. The mechanism or mechanisms underlying the increased amylase excretion have not been determined. However, the markedly elevated urinary excretion of lysozyme observed in some patients suggests, by analogy, that diminished tubular reabsorption of amylase may contribute towards the elevated amylase:creatinine ratio.

Topics: Acute Disease; Amylases; Creatinine; Duodenal Ulcer; Female; Humans; Male; Metabolic Clearance Rate; Muramidase; Pancreatitis; Peptic Ulcer Perforation

No microbial growth in platings of the gastric juice of patients with gastric ulcer and chronic anacidic gastritis was observed. It means that the absence of hydrochloric acid in the gastric juice does not deprive it of any antimicrobial action. The possible role of lysozyme in providing sterility of the proximal part of the gastro-intestinal tract was studied. Eighty patients with chronic diseases of the digestive organs were observed. It was noted that the levels of lysozyme in the gastric juice was high and markedly exceeded the maximum concentrations required for lysis of organisms most resistant to it. The maximum concentration was determined at pH of the gastric juice equal to 7.0-7.5 (265 gamma/ml+/-28). No lysozyme in the content of the duodenum and jejunal juice was found in most cases. Its presence in the above parts of the gastro-intestinal tract was mainly associated with microbial growth. The maximum concentration of lysozyme (40 gamma/ml) in the jejunal juice was observed in a female patient with chronic enterocolitis and significant microbial proliferation in the thin colon (more than 10(4) microbial bodies per 1 ml of the juice). Such parallelism between the presence of lysozyme in the gastric juice and microbial proliferation in it may be considered as a protective-adoptive reaction of the host.

Topics: Chronic Disease; Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous; Gastric Juice; Gastritis; Hepatitis; Humans; Intestinal Secretions; Intestine, Small; Muramidase; Pancreatitis; Postgastrectomy Syndromes; Sterilization; Stomach Ulcer

Topics: Acute Disease; Amylases; Chronic Disease; Creatinine; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Lipase; Muramidase; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Pancreatitis; Proteinuria

The lysozyme (muramidase) content of peritoneal fluid samples has been found to be an early indicator of the onset of infection in the course of peritoneal dialysis. A level of 10.0 mug/ml indicates peritoneal infection and one of 7.5 mug/ml is highly suspicious.

Topics: Ascitic Fluid; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; Heparin; Humans; Kanamycin; Muramidase; Pancreatitis; Peritoneal Dialysis; Peritonitis

Topics: Bile; Complement System Proteins; Duodenum; gamma-Globulins; Humans; Immunodiffusion; Intestinal Secretions; Leukocytes; Liver Cirrhosis; Muramidase; Opsonin Proteins; Pancreatic Juice; Pancreatitis; Phagocytosis