muramidase and Ovarian-Neoplasms

The synthesis and characterization of one oxidoethoxidovanadium(V) [V

Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Female; Humans; Ligands; Molecular Docking Simulation; Muramidase; Organometallic Compounds; Ovarian Neoplasms; Protein Conformation; Ubiquitin; Vanadium

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are often associated with a poor prognosis in cancer. To gain a better understanding of cellular recruitment and dynamics of TAM biology during cancer progression, we established a novel transgenic mouse model for in vivo imaging of luciferase-expressing macrophages.. In vivo imaging of LysM-LG mice showed luciferase activity was generated by macrophages. Clodronate liposome-mediated depletion of macrophages lowered overall bioluminescence while lipopolysaccharide injection increased macrophage bioluminescence in both the B16 and ID8 models. Tracking macrophages weekly in tumor-bearing animals after intraperitoneal (i.p.) or intraovarian (i.o.) injection resulted in distinct, dynamic patterns of macrophage activity. Animals with metastatic ovarian cancer after i.p. injection exhibited significantly higher peritoneal macrophage activity compared to animals after i.o. injection.. The LysM-LG model allows tracking of macrophage recruitment and activation during disease initiation and progression in a noninvasive manner. This model provides a tool to visualize and monitor the benefit of pharmacological interventions targeting macrophages in preclinical models.

Topics: Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Genes, Reporter; Luminescent Measurements; Macrophage Activation; Macrophages; Melanoma; Mice, Transgenic; Molecular Imaging; Muramidase; Ovarian Neoplasms; Promoter Regions, Genetic

Advanced materials that have controllable pH-responsive properties when submerged in the lysosome have a great potential in intracellular drug delivery. We developed novel poly(L-amino acid) nanogels that were prepared by a facile cross-linking of poly[L-aspartic acid-g-(3-diethylaminopropyl)]-b-poly(ethylene glycol)-maleimide [poly(L-Asp-g-DEAP)-b-PEG-Mal] and poly(L-aspartic acid-g-ethyl thiol)-b-PEG [poly(L-Asp-SH)-b-PEG] in an oil/water emulsion condition. Interestingly, these nanogels (~125 nm in diameter) modulated volume expansion (~375 nm in diameter) in a lysosomal pH (~pH 5.0) due to an extensive proton absorption of DEAP at a low pH, which mediated lysosome swelling and the subsequent lysosome destabilization. In the in vitro tumor cell cytotoxicity test, they encouraged tumor cell death, probably owing to the leakage of lysosomal enzymes. Furthermore, encapsulating antitumor drug (e.g., doxorubicin, DOX) into these nanogels enhanced tumor cell cytotoxicity. We conclude that this nanogel system will have great potential for tumor therapy.

Topics: Animals; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; Antineoplastic Agents; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Survival; Doxycycline; Drug Carriers; Drug Delivery Systems; Female; Gels; Humans; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice, Nude; Microscopy, Confocal; Microscopy, Fluorescence; Muramidase; Nanostructures; Neoplasm Transplantation; Neoplasms; Ovarian Neoplasms; Peptides

The relatively frequent association of hematologic neoplasia and primary mediastinal germ cell tumors has been reported. Of these hematologic malignancies, nine were classified as malignant histiocytosis or acute monoblastic leukemia, and all occurred in males. We now report on a patient who was phenotypically female, with 46XY gonadal dysgenesis, and who developed a true histiocytic malignancy that presented as a large hepatic tumor and also involved the spleen, right kidney, and lymph nodes. Twenty-six months before the development of the histiocytic malignancy, an ovarian malignant teratoma with yolk sac elements was removed; the patient subsequently received chemotherapy. The neoplasm was composed of large pleomorphic cells and the histiocytic nature was established by cytologic, cytochemical, immunologic, and ultrastructural studies. In the course of her illness, the patient developed classic acute monoblastic leukemia 8 months after the diagnosis of histiocytic malignancy. Karyotypic analysis of the hepatic tumor, bone marrow, and blood showed 46XY gonadal dysgenesis. We believe that this is the first reported case of a phenotypically female patient who developed these two rare malignancies. It suggests that the association between germ cell tumors and histiocytic malignancy in genotypically male individuals may not be coincidental or secondary to therapy, but may be a phenomenon related to dysgenetic gonads in the presence of a Y chromosome.

Topics: Adolescent; Antigens, CD; Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic; Biomarkers, Tumor; CD11 Antigens; DNA, Neoplasm; Female; Gene Rearrangement, beta-Chain T-Cell Antigen Receptor; Gonadal Dysgenesis, 46,XY; Histiocytic Sarcoma; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Karyotyping; Liver; Lymphocytes; Muramidase; Ovarian Neoplasms; Phenotype; S100 Proteins; Teratoma

Forty-five cases of mucinous tumors of the ovary were studied for argyrophilia. Argyrophil cells were identified in seven of the 22 cystadenomas (32%), five of the 11 borderline tumors (45%), and two of the 12 carcinomas (17%). These 14 tumors and two additional mucinous tumors known to contain argyrophil cells were studied further by immunohistochemical methods for the localization of calcitonin, gastrin, somatostatin, adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), serotonin, neurotensin, and lysozyme. Serotonin immuno-reactivity was identified in 15 of the 16 cases. Among the peptide hormones, there was a high frequency of positivity for ACTH, gastrin, and somatostatin. Despite the demonstration of reactivity for these hormones, there was no clinical evidence of syndromes of hormone excess in the patients. Lysozyme was present in all but one of the benign and borderline tumors, but was not identified in the carcinomas. Lysozyme was also found in normal and neoplastic gastric and endocervical epithelium, indicating that its presence is not useful in differentiating gastrointestinal and müllerian-type epithelium. The results of this study confirm the previously recognized intestinal characteristics of the epithelium of many mucinous tumors, but also raise the question whether the simple, uniformly mucinous epithelium that is most common within these tumors and is generally regarded as endocervical in type may occasionally be gastric in nature.

Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Calcitonin; Cystadenocarcinoma; Cystadenoma; Endothelium; Female; Gastrins; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Muramidase; Neurotensin; Ovarian Neoplasms; Serotonin; Silver; Somatostatin; Staining and Labeling

The presence of lysozyme in ovarian tumors has been detected for the first time using the immunoperoxidase technique. A study of the distribution of this enzyme in 50 primary ovarian neoplasms revealed its presence exclusively in mucinous and mixed (serous-mucinous) cystadenomas and cystadenocarcinomas. The secretion of lysozyme seems to be correlated to the production of strongly acidic mucins.

Topics: Cystadenocarcinoma; Cystadenoma; Cytoplasm; Female; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Muramidase; Ovarian Neoplasms

Paneth cells occurring in intestinal and extraintestinal sites were studied using various light microscopic techniques, including standard hematoxylineosin (HE)-stained histologic sections; a number of histochemical reactions, including the phosphotungstic acid-hematoxylin (PTAH) method; and immunohistochemical labeling for the presence of lysozyme using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) method. Cells, identified on HE as Paneth cells, uniformly stained with PTAH and PAP-lysozyme. Further, all of the cases demonstrating epithelial cell lysozyme showed eosinophilic cytoplasmic granules, typical of Paneth cells, on HE sections. Lysozyme was demonstrated in benign and malignant ovarian tumors, as well as in a variety of ectopic intestinal sites and benign and malignant intestinal tumors, supporting the concept that the elaboration of lysozyme is a nonspecific feature of intestinal-cell differentiation and is not a response to a specific stimulus.

Topics: Cystadenocarcinoma; Cystadenoma; Cytoplasmic Granules; Digestive System; Female; Humans; Intestinal Mucosa; Muramidase; Ovarian Neoplasms; Rectum; Staining and Labeling; Teratoma

Lysozyme was measured using the synthetic substrate 3',4-dinitrophenyl tetra-N-acetyl-beta-chitotetraoside and the LKB Reaction Rate Analyser. This method has been evaluated by comparing levels obtained with serum samples from healthy individuals and patients with either cancer or inflammatory bowel disease with those obtained from the same specimens using a turbidimetric method. In terms of standard egg-white lysozyme, the colorimetric method gave much higher levels for all samples than the turbidimetric method; however, similar group differences were maintained. For individual serum specimens significant correlation between the two methods was found to occur only in the healthy group. Assay precision for the two methods was similar but the turbidimetric method could detect levels of lysozyme activity which were 10 times lower than those detected by the colorimetric method.

Topics: Biological Assay; Chitin; Colitis, Ulcerative; Colorimetry; Crohn Disease; Dinitrobenzenes; Female; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Micrococcus; Muramidase; Nephelometry and Turbidimetry; Ovarian Neoplasms

Topics: Adenoma; Carcinoma; Creatinine; Dysgerminoma; Female; Humans; Kidney Neoplasms; Male; Multiple Myeloma; Muramidase; Ovarian Neoplasms; Pelvic Inflammatory Disease; Penile Neoplasms; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Prostatic Neoplasms; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms; Urogenital Neoplasms; Uterine Neoplasms; Vaginal Neoplasms

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Cystadenoma; Female; Humans; Muramidase; Ovarian Cysts; Ovarian Neoplasms; Parovarian Cyst; Teratoma