muramidase and Nutrition-Disorders

Topics: Antibody Formation; Avitaminosis; Complement System Proteins; Female; Fetus; Humans; Immunity, Cellular; Immunoglobulins; Infections; Iron Deficiencies; Lymphatic System; Male; Muramidase; Nutrition Disorders; Phagocytes; Pregnancy

We tried to develop a new delayed healing model of an open wound made on the dorsal skin of a rat by inducing malnutrition with restriction of food intake. We determined the effects of a newly introduced ointment gauze containing 5% lysozyme hydrochloride (M-1011G) on this model. Malnutrition characterized by a decrease in body weight and serum protein was produced by restricting the daily intake of commercially available food to 6 g for 2 weeks without liver disturbance and thereafter maintained with food intake of 12 g/day. Under these conditions, healing of the open wound made on the dorsal skin was prolonged, as compared with that of the wound made on a well-nourished animal. In this model, statistical studies showed that M-1011G was the most effective in accelerating the reduction of the wound area and shortening of the time required for the complete healing, among the following treatments: sterilized gauze alone, ointment gauze alone and 5% lysozyme hydrochloride-containing emulsified ointment. Histological findings showed that M-1011G greatly accelerated the granulation of this tissue which is essential for wound healing, probably due to stimulation of epidermization and regenerated granulation in the wound.

Topics: Animals; Bandages; Disease Models, Animal; Male; Muramidase; Nutrition Disorders; Ointments; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Stimulation, Chemical; Wound Healing

Levels of immunoglobulins, lactoferrin and lysozyme were determined in milk samples obtained from well-nourished and under-nourished Indian women at different stages of lactation. The concentration of immunoglobulins and lactoferrin was higher in colostrum than in mature milk while the lysozyme levels showed a progressive increase with the period of lactation. There were no significant differences in the levels between the two groups of women. Administration of iron did not alter either the total or percentage saturation of lactoferrin in milk. These results indicate that antibacterial factors in milk are not influenced by the nutritional status of the mother and that iron supplementation does not interfere with the bacteriostatic function of lactoferrin.. Lower incidences of infection among breastfed vs. bottlefed infants have been attributed, not only to bottle contamination, but to the presence of various antibacterial factors in breast milk. 3 of these factors, immunoglobulins, lysozyme, and lactoferrin, were quantitated from milk samples from well-nourished and under-nourished Indian women in various stages of lactation. An ancillary concern of this study was to determine whether iron supplementation in under-nourished lactating women might abolish the bacteriostatic mechanism of lactoferrin by altering its saturation in milk, thus interfering with its biological function. 250 women gave breast milk samples for study. In addition, 11 lactating women were given 200 mg of iron intramuscularly, and their milk samples were assayed. In the nonsupplemented women, the concentration of immunoglobulin A (IgA) was high in colostrum, with a mean level of 350 mg/100 ml, and fell rapidly during the first 4 weeks of lactation, to a mean level of 110 mg/100 ml. IgG concentration was slightly higher in colostrum than in mature milk. Lactoferrin concentration was very high in colostrum, with a mean level of 600 mg/100 ml, and fell progressively up to 5 months of lactation, stabilizing at a mean level of 180 mg/100 ml. Lysozyme content of colostrum was lower than that of mature milk and showed a progressive increase with duration of lactation; its highest level of 42 mg/100 ml was reached at 12 months. No significant differences in levels of immunoglobulins, lactoferrin, and lysozyme were found between well-nourished and under-nourished mothers. In women who received the iron supplements, at first the mean level of total lactoferrin was 240 mg/100 ml, 9% of which was saturated. No significant changes in concentrations of either total or saturated lactoferrin were found after administering the iron supplement.

Topics: Colostrum; Female; Hemoglobins; Humans; Immunoglobulin A; Immunoglobulin G; Immunoglobulin M; Immunoglobulins; Iron; Lactation; Lactoferrin; Lactoglobulins; Milk, Human; Muramidase; Nutrition Disorders; Pregnancy; Serum Albumin; Time Factors

The influence of moderate malnutrition on immunoglobulins and enzymes in the sera and secretions of 71 Colombian children was studied. Concentrations of immunoglobulin A, immunoglobulin G, lysozyme, albumin, and aminopeptidase were measured in the sera, tears, and saliva of 27 normal, 32 grade I, 9 grade II, and 3 grade III malnourished children. The most severely malnourished children, grades II and III, had markedly reduced immunoglobulin A concentrations and elevated immunoglobulin G concentrations in tears. Immunoglobulin A levels in whole saliva were also reduced in these malnourished children. In contrast, the concentration of immunoglobulin A in the sera of these children was significantly elevated. There was no influence of malnutrition on levels of lysozyme, albumin, total protein, and aminopeptidase in tears or saliva. These results indicate that secretory immunity may be impaired in moderately malnourished children due to decreased levels of immunoglobulin A in secretions.

Topics: Aminopeptidases; Blood Proteins; Child, Preschool; Colombia; Female; Humans; Immunoglobulins; Infant; Male; Muramidase; Nutrition Disorders; Saliva; Tears

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Cathepsins; Child; DNA; Female; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kwashiorkor; Leukocyte Count; Leukocytes; Male; Muramidase; Nutrition Disorders; Oxidoreductases; Peroxidases; Phenols; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Tetrazolium Salts