muramidase and Neoplasm-Metastasis

Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Bone Neoplasms; Breast Neoplasms; Drug Tolerance; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms; Granulocytes; Hematopoiesis; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Leukemia; Lymphoma; Muramidase; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasms

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; alpha-Fetoproteins; Antigens, Neoplasm; Blood Proteins; Breast Neoplasms; Calcitonin; Carcinoembryonic Antigen; Chorionic Gonadotropin; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Female; Humans; Isoenzymes; Male; Milk Proteins; Molecular Weight; Muramidase; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasms; Nucleosides; Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases; Polyamines; Procollagen-Proline Dioxygenase; Sialyltransferases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Amylases; Animals; Asparaginase; Body Fluids; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Enzyme Induction; Enzyme Therapy; Escherichia coli; Female; gamma-Glutamyltransferase; Glucuronidase; Humans; Isoenzymes; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Leucyl Aminopeptidase; Muramidase; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasms; Nucleotidases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase; Glucose-6-Phosphate Isomerase; Humans; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Leucyl Aminopeptidase; Leukemia; Liver Neoplasms; Mass Screening; Muramidase; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasms; Nucleotidases; Phosphoglucomutase

The pharmacological profile of medicinally relevant Ru(III) coordination compounds has been ascribed to their interactions with proteins, as several studies have provided evidence that DNA is not the primary target. In this regard, numerous spectroscopic and crystallographic studies have indicated that the Ru(III) ligands play an important role in determining the metal binding site, acting as the recognition element in the early stages of the protein-complex formation. Herein, we present a series of near-atomic-resolution X-ray crystal structures of the adducts formed between the antimetastatic metallodrug imidazolium

Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Cell Line, Tumor; Crystallography, X-Ray; Humans; Imidazoles; Metal-Organic Frameworks; Models, Molecular; Muramidase; Neoplasm Metastasis; Protein Conformation; Ruthenium

The effects of the i.v. administration of endotoxin (6.25-50 micrograms/mouse on day 13 after tumor implantation) in mice treated orally with lysozyme hydrochloride (100 mg/kg on days 5-12 from tumor implantation) were examined using Lewis lung carcinoma in the C57Bl mouse and MCa mammary carcinoma of CBA mice. On primary tumor growth, endotoxin alone causes a dose-dependent and statistically significant reduction with a nadir on day +2 from endotoxin treatment. Combined with lysozyme, endotoxin causes an effect independent of the dose used, corresponding to the effect caused by endotoxin alone at the dose of 25 micrograms/mouse. No tumor regression was recorded in any of the treated groups. Endotoxin is virtually devoid of effects at the metastatic level. In the same conditions, lysozyme causes a reduction of primary tumor growth and a more pronounced inhibition of lung metastasis formation as expected from its already reported effects. The antitumor activity of endotoxin, unlike lysozyme, can be ascribed to tumor hemorrhagic necrosis due to tumor necrosis factor (TNF) production, as determined in tumor homogenates. Endotoxin does not increase the antitumor effects in mice treated with lysozyme, as expected from the data obtained with the more immunogenic SA1 sarcoma, although lysozyme increased the mitogenic response to ConA of ex vivo isolated splenocytes, in vitro cultured in the presence of IL-2.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Endotoxins; Female; Growth Inhibitors; Injections, Intravenous; Lung Neoplasms; Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Inbred CBA; Muramidase; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasm Transplantation; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

The antitumor effects of egg-white lysozyme, at dosages between 25 and 100 mg/kg/day given for 5 to 14 days, was examined in CBA mice bearing MCa mammary carcinoma or TLX5 lymphoma. At early stages of tumor growth the antitumor action of lysozyme is statistically significant, independently from the route of administration (e.g., i.v. and oral admixed with food). With larger tumor masses, oral administration of lysozyme is effective on s.c. tumor growth but not on i.m. tumors. The effects of lysozyme in mice bearing TLX5 lymphoma consist of reduction of the capacity of tumor cells to form brain metastases: the effect is mediated by spleen cells. Dietary intake of lysozyme is also active in prolonging the survival time of animals treated with surgery and postsurgical cisplatin treatment. These effects indicate lysozyme to be an active substance, effective on the growth of malignant tumors and capable of synergizing with conventional therapies such as surgery plus cisplatin for the control of disseminated tumors in mice.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Cisplatin; Egg White; Injections, Intravenous; Lymphoma; Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Muramidase; Neoplasm Metastasis; Tumor Cells, Cultured

Sections of primary lung carcinomas, lung metastases, mesotheliomas, and lung metastases of some rare mesenchymal tumors were incubated with different cytokeratin (CK), vimentin, desmin, and tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) antibodies and with antibodies reactive with different hormones (ACTH, PTH, alpha-HCG, Calcitonin CT), CEA, carcinoma-associated antigen (CA1), secretory component (SC), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), alpha-1-antitrypsin (alpha-1-AT), lysozyme (lyso), and S-100 protein (S 100). CK antibodies derived from a 49 kD (reactive with simple epithelia [SE]) and a 67 kD CK polypeptide fraction (reaction with complex epithelia [CE] were useful differentiation markers for the four major groups of lung carcinomas. In one half of small cell carcinomas a positive reaction with NSE antibodies was found. S 100 and SC were good markers for papillary and bronchioloalveolar adenocarcinomas, whereas CEA was less important because of its reactivity with different types of lung carcinomas. To discern clear cell carcinomas of lung and renal origin a positive reaction with vimentin antibodies (some renal but not lung types) and with CA1 (no renal but all lung types) seemed to be useful. All hormone antibodies were of no importance as markers for difficult differential diagnosis, because positive reactivities were found in cases from every major carcinoma group. In addition, a Ca2+-activated adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) was found in mesotheliomas but not in papillary adenocarcinomas.

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Carcinoembryonic Antigen; Carcinoma, Small Cell; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cell Differentiation; Desmin; Diagnosis, Differential; Histocytochemistry; Hormones; Humans; Immunologic Techniques; Keratins; Kidney Neoplasms; Lung Neoplasms; Mesothelioma; Muramidase; Neoplasm Metastasis; Peptides; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase; Pleural Neoplasms; S100 Proteins; Secretory Component; Tissue Polypeptide Antigen; Vimentin

Hen egg white lysozyme (Fleming's lysozyme) prevented the thrombocytopenia provoked by carrageenan injected intravenously into rabbits but not that provoked by an anaphylactic shock. Lysozyme was given intravenously at 25, 50, 100 mg/kg 30 sec before carrageenan. Platelets were counted 15 and 60 min after carrageenan. Lysozyme was given intravenously to immunized animals at the dose of 100 mg/kg 5 min before a challenging dose of the antigens (horse serum-ovalbumin). Platelets were counted 5 min after challenge. The results are discussed in the light of the intervention of platelets and prostaglandins into tumour spread and metastases dissemination.

Topics: Animals; Carrageenan; Muramidase; Neoplasm Metastasis; Platelet Aggregation; Prostaglandins; Rabbits; Thrombocytopenia

Topics: Carcinoembryonic Antigen; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Muramidase; Neoplasm Metastasis; Pleural Effusion; Tuberculosis, Pleural; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Bone Marrow; Bone Neoplasms; Breast Neoplasms; Drug Therapy, Combination; Granulocytes; Humans; Leukocyte Count; Muramidase; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasms; Neutrophils

Topics: Bone Marrow; Bone Neoplasms; Breast Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Muramidase; Neoplasm Metastasis

Topics: Astrocytoma; Brain Neoplasms; Ependymoma; Glioma; Humans; Muramidase; Neoplasm Metastasis; Pituitary Neoplasms

The presence of lysozyme in the CSF is considered with regard to its value in the early diagnosis of primary or secondary CNS Tumours. Since the appearance of this enzyme in the CSF is secondary to the increase of protein in the fluid, the search for lysozyme in the CSF is of no practical help in the diagnosis of CNS tumours.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Brain Neoplasms; Central Nervous System Diseases; Cerebral Ventricles; Child; Child, Preschool; Craniopharyngioma; Cysts; Female; Glioma; Humans; Hydrocephalus; Infant; Male; Meningioma; Meningitis; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neurilemmoma; Neuroblastoma; Peripheral Nervous System Neoplasms; Time Factors; Vestibulocochlear Nerve

With progressive growth of syngeneic sarcomata in rats there was a rise in serum levels of lysozyme which correlated with their immunogenicity and their macrophage content. By an examination of lymph/blood differences in normal and in tumour bearing rats and of the production of lysozyme by cells obtained from the tumours and maintained in vitro, it is apparent that the macrophages resident in a tumour mass make a massive contribution to the elevation in serum lysozyme concentrations. Tumour cells did not release detectable lysozyme activity. Tumour amputation led to a rapid fall in lysozyme levels. Irradiation of the host rats abolished the lysozyme response and the subsequent development of metastases in these rats was associated with a rise in serum lysozyme. The serum concentration of this enzyme reflects the macrophage content of a tumour mass and the draining lymph nodes. We conclude that under well defined conditions serum lysozyme activity may be a useful marker of macrophage mediated host responses to a tumour.

Topics: Animals; Ascitic Fluid; BCG Vaccine; Cell Survival; Fibrosarcoma; Immunity; Immunosuppression Therapy; Lymph; Lymph Nodes; Macrophages; Muramidase; Mycobacterium bovis; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasm Transplantation; Propionibacterium acnes; Radiation Effects; Rats; Sarcoma, Experimental; Transplantation, Isogeneic

Serum lysozyme activity was measured in groups of untreated patients with malignant melanoma, hyperneophroma and breast carcinoma. Significant elevation of serum levels of the enzyme was confined to patients with localized disease. In the presence of metastatic disease such elevation was not detected. The rise in serum lysozyme activity was not due to renal damage or any infective process and in the case of malignant melanoma was shown to be associated with infiltration of the tumour mass by macrophages. In vitro studies demonstrated that the macrophages resident in a tumour mass are responsible for relasing lysozyme in large amounts. It is proposed that the elevation of serum lysozyme in these cases may be an indicator of macrophage-mediated host resistance and that the measurement of macrophage products such as lysozyme in the extracellular fluid may under well defined conditions provide useful clinical information concerning host reactions.

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Adolescent; Adult; Breast Neoplasms; Cells, Cultured; Humans; Kidney Neoplasms; Macrophages; Melanoma; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Neoplasm Metastasis

Topics: Blood-Brain Barrier; Brain Neoplasms; Choriocarcinoma; Chorionic Gonadotropin; Desmosterol; Female; Glioma; Humans; Muramidase; Neoplasm Metastasis; Pregnancy

Topics: Brain Neoplasms; Cerebrospinal Fluid; Female; Glioma; Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell; Humans; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Male; Meningitis; Muramidase; Neoplasm Metastasis

The serum muramidase levels were measured in 128 patients with primary or metastatic colorectal cancer, 166 tumour-free patients after resection of a colorectal cancer, and 172 controls. Muramidase levels over 10 mug/ml were detected in 30%-39% of the tumour-bearing patients, in 8.2% of the tumour free, and in only 1.7% of the controls (normal level 6.68 +/- 1.42 mug/ml). Long-term follow up indicated that raised levels may occur as a transient phenomenon in recurrent or metastatic disease. The likely relation of abnormal serum muramidase activity and stimulation of the reticuloendothelial system is discussed.

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Carcinoembryonic Antigen; Colonic Neoplasms; Creatinine; gamma-Glutamyltransferase; Humans; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Leucyl Aminopeptidase; Liver Neoplasms; Muramidase; Neoplasm Metastasis; Rectal Neoplasms; Recurrence

Topics: Animals; Breast Neoplasms; Bronchial Neoplasms; Cattle; Cyclophosphamide; Drug Combinations; Female; Glucose; Gold Isotopes; Humans; Hydrazines; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Lactates; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Mannitol; Muramidase; Neoplasm Metastasis; Pancreatic Extracts; Papain; Plant Extracts; Pleural Effusion; Pleural Neoplasms; Podophyllin; Proteins; Radioisotopes; Thymus Extracts; Time Factors

Topics: Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; Bone Neoplasms; Eosinophilia; Humans; Male; Muramidase; Neoplasm Metastasis; Pericardium; Pleura; Pleural Effusion; Pleural Neoplasms; Ribs; Vitamin B 12