muramidase and Myeloproliferative-Disorders

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; Androgens; Antineoplastic Agents; Blood Cell Count; Blood Transfusion; Chromosome Aberrations; Chromosome Disorders; Folic Acid; Humans; Leukocytes; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Myeloproliferative Disorders; Peroxidase; Preleukemia; Prognosis; Pyridoxine; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Agranulocytosis; Anemia, Aplastic; Blood Cell Count; Clinical Trials as Topic; Hematologic Diseases; Humans; Leukemia; Leukocytes; Lymphocytes; Methods; Monocytes; Muramidase; Myeloproliferative Disorders

Intracytoplasmic lysozyme was studied by the peroxidase antiperoxidase (PAP) and protein A-peroxidase methods in 130 cases of various myeloproliferative and lymphoproliferative disorders and 21 lymph nodes and bone marrow metastases from solid primary tumors. This marker, which can be identified in formalin or Zenker-fixed tissues, as well as in peripheral blood and bone marrow smears, proved useful to distinguish malignant myeloid and histiocytic tumors from malignant lymphoid and undifferentiated epithelial metastases. The diagnostic application of these findings are discussed.

Topics: Cytoplasm; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Leukemia; Lymphoma; Lymphoproliferative Disorders; Monocytes; Muramidase; Myeloproliferative Disorders

Granulocytic sarcoma is an uncommon tumor composed of granulocytic precursor cells. Because it occurs in a variety of clinical settings and because the tumor cells are primitive it is frequently unrecognized during life. This presentation details the authors' experience with 61 biopsy-proven granulocytic sarcomas. The patient age range was from 2 to 81 years (mean 48 years). In eight patients the tumors were multiple. Most common sites of involvement were bone, periosteum, soft tissue, lymph node and skin. Twenty-two tumors occurred in 15 patients with no known disease, 26 occurred in 24 patients with a known myeloproliferative disorder, and 13 occurred in 11 patients with proven acute myeloid leukemia. Thirteen of the 15 patients with no known disease developed acute leukemia in from one to 49 months after the biopsy of their tumors (mean 10 months). Most tumors occurring in patients with a known myeloproliferative disorder were associated with blast crisis. The authors' cases displayed a morphologic range from well-differentiated to those tumors that displayed virtually no evidence of differentiation by conventional microscopy. It was therefore not surprising that most tumors were originally diagnosed as lymphoma. Chloro-acetate esterase (CAE) stains were performed on 56 tumors and 47 were studied with antilysozyme immunoperoxidase technique. Fifty-six of the 57 specimens studied by either technique were positive. Antilysozyme immunoperoxidase stains were particularly useful in confirming the diagnosis.

Topics: Acetates; Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Leukemia, Myeloid; Male; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Myeloproliferative Disorders; Neoplasms, Multiple Primary

Topics: Hematologic Diseases; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Lymphoma; Muramidase; Myeloproliferative Disorders

Serum lysozyme activity has been determined in patients suffering from myeloproliferative diseases, chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML), acute myelogenous leukaemia (AML), chronic lymphatic leukaemia (CLL) and pancytopenia (P). Lysozyme activity was tested in undiluted and tenfold diluted sera. Increased lysozyme activity was found in patients with CML and CLI, whereas there was no change in patients with AML and P. Dilution of sera enhanced lysozyme activity. These data may indicate the presence of inhibitor in the sera tested. The diagnostic significance of the presented findings is discussed.

Topics: Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Muramidase; Myeloproliferative Disorders; Pancytopenia

Samples from 49 cases of myeloproliferative diseases were tested by an immunocytochemical technique for leucocyte lysozyme and lactoferrin. The presence of these constituents in myeloid precursors from cases of acute and chronic myeloid leukaemia reflected the degree of cellular maturation, lysozyme appearing (as it does in normal myeloid cells) at the stage of primary granule production (in promyelocytes), while lactoferrin wad detectable only in more mature, secondary granule-containing myeloid cells. Auer rods stained positively for lysozyme, in keeping with their relationship to primary granules. Monocytes from five cases of leukaemia showing predominantly monocytic differentiation were indistinguishable from normal monocytes in their staining reactions for lysozyme despite the presence of raised serum and urinary lysozyme levels. In four cases of acute myeloid leukaemia circulating polymorphs deficient in lactoferrin were detected: in one of these cases a similar percentage of polymorphs was lysozyme negative.

Topics: Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Intracellular Fluid; Lactoferrin; Lactoglobulins; Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Leukocytes; Monocytes; Muramidase; Myeloproliferative Disorders; Neutrophils

Intracytoplasmic lysozyme (muramidase) may be readily identified in paraffin sections of tissues fixed in formalin or Zenker's acetic acid and in smears of peripheral blood or bone marrow using an immunoperoxidase technique. Sites of intracellular lysozyme in normal human tissues and in various specimens from patients with myeloproliferative and lymphoproliferative disorders, hairy cell leukemia, granulomatous diseases, toxoplasmic lymphadenitis, and other pathologic processes were defined by this method. Intracellular lysozyme was demonstrated in mature and immature neutrophilic and eosinophilic myeloid cells, in monocytic cells, and in some types of histiocytes and had a limited distribution in normal tissues. The neoplastic cells of hairy cell leukemia were devoid of intracytoplasmic lysozyme. Identification of intracellular lysozyme, as determined by the immunoperoxidase technique, was compared with various cytochemical methods, particularly chloroacetate esterase and alpha-naphthyl butyrate esterase studies, for detection and characterization of myeloid cells, monocytes, and histiocytes.

Topics: Eosinophils; Esterases; Granuloma; Histiocytes; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Leukemia, Hairy Cell; Lymphadenitis; Monocytes; Muramidase; Myeloproliferative Disorders; Neoplasms; Neutrophils; Tissue Distribution; Toxoplasmosis

Blood lysozyme estimation seems to be important in hematological practice. Serum levels are roughly proportional to the size of the pool and, above all, granulocytic renewal. Thus levels are increased compared with levels of circulating polynuclear cells. In bone marrow disorders, and particularly in myelofibrosis, owing to the infective granulopoiesis and/or increased destruction of the neutrophil polymorphs. It is lowered in neutropenia with a scanty bone marrow. It provides an important contribution to diagnosis of the type of acute leukemia, the fall in the lymphoblastic forms contrast with normal or increased levels in myeloblastic forms. Finally, there is a marked increase in lysosome urea in acute monocytic or myelomonocytic leukemia.

Topics: Anemia; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Granulocytes; Hematologic Diseases; Humans; Leukemia; Leukocyte Count; Muramidase; Myeloproliferative Disorders; Polycythemia Vera; Prognosis; Splenomegaly

Topics: Aged; Eosinophilia; Eosinophils; Hepatomegaly; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Inclusion Bodies; Leukocyte Count; Leukocytosis; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Muramidase; Myeloproliferative Disorders; Pelger-Huet Anomaly; Splenomegaly; Thrombocytosis; Uric Acid

Topics: Adult; Anemia; Anemia, Sideroblastic; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukemoid Reaction; Leukocytosis; Monocytes; Muramidase; Myeloproliferative Disorders; Polycythemia Vera; Primary Myelofibrosis

Topics: Acute Disease; Age Factors; Aged; Agranulocytosis; Anemia; Bone Marrow Examination; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Ecchymosis; Erythropoiesis; Female; Hematocrit; Humans; Iron; Leukemia; Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocytes; Male; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Myeloproliferative Disorders; Splenomegaly; Syndrome; Thrombocytopenia

Topics: Bacteriolysis; Humans; Kinetics; Methods; Micrococcus; Muramidase; Myeloproliferative Disorders

Topics: Adult; Bone Marrow; Butanols; Creatinine; Freezing; Humans; Leukocyte Count; Meningitis; Methods; Muramidase; Myeloproliferative Disorders; Neutrophils; Osteomyelitis; Pneumonia; Staphylococcal Infections; Ultrasonics; Uremia

Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Urea Nitrogen; Female; Humans; Hypokalemia; Kidney Tubules; Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Leukocyte Count; Male; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Myeloproliferative Disorders; Polycythemia Vera; Primary Myelofibrosis; Radiography; Spleen

Topics: Agranulocytosis; Anemia, Aplastic; Anemia, Macrocytic; Bone Marrow; Chronic Disease; Folic Acid; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocyte Count; Leukocytes; Muramidase; Myeloproliferative Disorders; Neutrophils; Polycythemia Vera; Protein Binding; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Female; Humans; Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Leukocyte Count; Male; Monocytes; Muramidase; Myeloproliferative Disorders; Neutrophils; Precancerous Conditions

Topics: Adult; Anemia, Aplastic; Child; Hematologic Diseases; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Leukemoid Reaction; Lymphoma; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Multiple Myeloma; Muramidase; Mycosis Fungoides; Myeloproliferative Disorders; Polycythemia Vera