muramidase and Mouth-Diseases

The potential usefulness of analysis of the salivary secretions in diagnosis and prognosis is beginning to be explored in depth. The preliminary work already undertaken indicates that modern methods applied to this secretion may provide information that is different from that obtained in other body fluids. Saliva is collected at the point of its manufacture and, therefore, is unaffected by collection or storage in the body. It is the product both of protein synthesis within the glands and of most of the known water and electrolyte exchange mechanisms. Salivary composition is affected by both autonomic and hormonal stimuli. As the specific influence of each of these factors is better understood, studies of this fluid will provide important clues to the understanding of disease and the evaluation of therapy. There are few places in the body where it is possible directly, utilizing a non-invasive technique, to examine the product of a large number of important biological processes. It is obvious that careful handling of collection and analytic techniques are essential if these secretions are to be utilized. Future investigations in clinical situations should take full advantage of the strong base of knowledge of the physiology of these glands. Development of this field depends on careful clinical investigations designed to make full use of our current knowledge.

Topics: Amylases; Blood Proteins; Cystic Fibrosis; Dental Caries; Digitalis Glycosides; Electrolytes; Glycoproteins; Humans; Hypertension; Immunoglobulin A, Secretory; Mouth Diseases; Muramidase; Parotid Gland; Physical Stimulation; Saliva; Salivary Gland Diseases; Salivary Proteins and Peptides; Secretory Rate; Specimen Handling; Submandibular Gland

Topics: Animals; Avitaminosis; Bronchoscopy; Burns; Central Nervous System Diseases; Chick Embryo; Child; Crystallization; Ear Diseases; Eye Diseases; Female; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Genital Diseases, Female; Humans; Liver Diseases; Mouth Diseases; Muramidase; Nose Diseases; Postoperative Complications; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Typhus, Epidemic Louse-Borne; Vascular Diseases; Wounds and Injuries

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Combinations; Drug Evaluation; Humans; Jaw Diseases; Methacycline; Mouth Diseases; Muramidase; Postoperative Complications; Tooth Diseases

Topics: Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Bacitracin; Cetylpyridinium; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Combinations; Humans; Mouth Diseases; Muramidase; Papain; Pharyngitis

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Bacitracin; Cheilitis; Child; Clinical Trials as Topic; Female; Gingivitis; Gingivitis, Necrotizing Ulcerative; Glossitis; Humans; Lichen Planus; Male; Middle Aged; Mouth Diseases; Muramidase; Papain; Salivary Gland Diseases; Stomatitis; Stomatitis, Aphthous; Tooth Extraction

Lysozyme and lactoferrin have anti-candidal activity. Candida dubliniensis is associated with oral candidiasis. Candida infections are managed with nystatin, amphotericin B, caspofungin, ketoconazole, fluconazole, and chlorhexidine. Candida species undergo a brief exposure to therapeutic agents in the mouth. There is no data on the influence of limited exposure to antimycotics on the sensitivity of C. dubliniensis to lactoferrin and lysozyme. Hence, this study observed the changes in the sensitivity of C. dubliniensis to anti-candidal action of lactoferrin and lysozyme after transitory exposure to sub-lethal concentrations of antifungals.. After determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), 20 C. dubliniensis isolates were exposed to twice the concentration of MIC of nystatin, amphotericin B, caspofungin, ketoconazole, fluconazole, and chlorhexidine for 1 h. Drugs were removed by dilution and thereafter the susceptibility of these isolates to lysozyme and lactoferrin was determined by colony-forming unit quantification assay.. Exposure of C. dubliniensis to nystatin, amphotericin B, caspofungin, ketoconazole, fluconazole, and chlorhexidine resulted in an increase in susceptibility to lysozyme by 9.45, 30.82, 30.04, 50.64, 55.60, and 50.18%, respectively (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001). Exposure of C. dubliniensis to nystatin, amphotericin B, caspofungin, ketoconazole, fluconazole, and chlorhexidine resulted in an increase in susceptibility to lactoferrin by 13.54, 16.43, 17.58, 19.60, 21.32, and 18.73, respectively (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001).. Brief exposure to nystatin, amphotericin B, caspofungin, ketoconazole, fluconazole, and chlorhexidine enhances the antifungal effect of lysozyme and lactoferrin on C. dubliniensis isolates in vitro.

Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Antifungal Agents; Candida; Candidiasis; Humans; Kuwait; Lactoferrin; Mouth Diseases; Muramidase

Juvenile xanthogranuloma is commonly seen in the dermis, and only very rarely develops in the oral mucosa. Here were report a case that occurred in the anterior palate of a 9-year-old boy. The lesion appeared as a dark red and well-defined nodule measuring 12 x 14 mm. Histologically, it consisted of a proliferation of histiocytes and fibroblastic stroma intermingled with foamy cells. Many lipid droplets without limiting membrane were observed in the cytoplasm under electron microscopy, but no Langerhans' cell granules were observed. The proliferative histiocytes were positive for lysozyme and macrophage HAM56 under immunohistochemical observation, but not for S-100 protein. From these findings, the lesion was diagnosed as juvenile xanthogranuloma. The post-operative course, now amounting to 7 years, has been uneventful.

Topics: Antibodies; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Cell Division; Child; Cytoplasm; Cytoplasmic Granules; Fibroblasts; Foam Cells; Follow-Up Studies; Histiocytes; Humans; Lipids; Macrophages; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Mouth Diseases; Muramidase; Palate; S100 Proteins; Xanthogranuloma, Juvenile

Lactoferrin, lysozyme, interferon, and neopterin levels were determined in parotid saliva from 44 individuals with different clinical stages of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and 19 HIV-seronegative controls. The secretory output of individual components was calculated according to the fluid flow rate. No parotid interferon activity was found in any of the HIV-infected subjects or controls, and no significant differences in parotid lysozyme or neopterin outputs were observed. The lactoferrin output was significantly decreased in HIV-seropositive subjects in parallel with their markedly reduced parotid secretory IgA output. This combined deficiency of parotid lactoferrin and secretory IgA may well contribute to the frequent oral infections seen in subjects with HIV infection.

Topics: Adult; Biopterins; HIV Infections; Humans; Interferons; Lactoferrin; Male; Mouth Diseases; Muramidase; Neopterin; Parotid Gland; Saliva

The aim of this study was to examine the lysozyme activity in saliva of pharmaceutic industry workers in whom pathologic changes in the oral cavity were previously diagnosed. The study was carried out in the Pharmaceutic Plant "Polfa" in Stargard Gdański at the departments of sulphonamides, acetylsalicylic acid and various syntheses. The study comprised 94 workers from whom resting saliva samples were collected 2-3 hours after breakfast. The lysozyme activity was determined using the modified Litwack method, while proteins were examined using the Lawry method. Our examinations have demonstrated a higher enzyme activity in pharmaceutic industry workers as compared to the control group. The highest lysozyme activity was recorded at the sulphonamides department.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Drug Industry; Enzyme Activation; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mouth Diseases; Muramidase; Occupational Diseases; Poland; Saliva; Sulfonamides

Twenty patients with clinically and microscopically confirmed lichen planus were studied immunohistochemically. Monoclonal antibody to HLA-DR antigens and polyclonal antisera to S-100 protein and muramidase were applied to paraffin-embedded sections for the purpose of elaborating on the pathogenesis of this disease. Trypsin incubation of sections was also done in order to determine its effect on immunostaining. Langerhans cells were identified with anti-S-100 and anti-HLA-DR, and macrophages were identified with antimuramidase and anti-HLA-DR. Keratinocytes also expressed HLA-DR membrane activity in lichen planus tissue. Trypsinization significantly improved the expression of S-100 protein and muramidase antigens. It was concluded that Langerhans cells, macrophages, and keratinocytes play important roles in antigen processing and/or phagocytosis during the natural history of this disease.

Topics: Follow-Up Studies; Histocompatibility Antigens Class II; Histocytochemistry; HLA-DR Antigens; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Langerhans Cells; Lichen Planus; Macrophages; Mouth Diseases; Mouth Mucosa; Muramidase; S100 Proteins; Staining and Labeling; Trypsin

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Dental Caries; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mouth Diseases; Mouth Mucosa; Muramidase; Occupational Dentistry; Periodontal Diseases; Saliva

The presence and distribution of macrophages within 15 non-ulcerated lesions of oral lichen planus was investigated using an immunoperoxidase technique for the detection of the macrophage markers lysozyme and alpha 1 antitrypsin. All specimens contained mononuclear lysozyme and alpha 1 antitrypsin positive cells which were concentrated in a band immediately beneath the epithelium and often associated with areas of damaged basal cells. Cell counts revealed that 11% of the positive cells were in the epithelium and 89% in the lamina propria. Approximately 61% of all positive cells were found within a 125 micron wide zone centred on the basement membrane. These results suggest that in oral lichen planus macrophages are in close proximity to the epithelial basal cells, where cell damage occurs, and play a role in the pathogenesis of this condition.

Topics: alpha 1-Antitrypsin; Cell Count; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Lichen Planus; Macrophages; Mouth Diseases; Muramidase

Topics: Adult; Drug Combinations; Female; Humans; Male; Methacycline; Middle Aged; Mouth Diseases; Muramidase

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Humans; Middle Aged; Mouth Diseases; Muramidase; Pyridoxine

Topics: Bacitracin; Bacterial Infections; Drug Combinations; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Humans; Laryngeal Diseases; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Mouth Diseases; Muramidase; Papain; Pharyngeal Diseases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Esterases; Histocytochemistry; Keratins; Keratosis; Male; Mouth Diseases; Mouth Mucosa; Muramidase; Rats; Sulfhydryl Compounds; Sulfides; Vitamin A Deficiency

Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Aminobenzoates; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Dental Pulp Capping; Edema; Enzyme Therapy; Female; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Indomethacin; Inflammation; Male; Mouth Diseases; Muramidase; Nicotinic Acids; Oxyphenbutazone; Postoperative Complications; Pyrazoles; Salicylates; Stomatitis

Topics: Drug Synergism; Erythromycin; Humans; Mouth Diseases; Muramidase; Tetracycline

Topics: Bacitracin; Humans; Mouth Diseases; Muramidase; Papain; Respiratory Tract Infections

Topics: Bromelains; Humans; Mouth Diseases; Muramidase

Topics: Humans; Mouth Diseases; Muramidase; Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases; Papain