muramidase and Mental-Disorders

Ayurveda, the traditional Indian System of Medicine, deals with the theory of the three tridosha states (both physical and psychological): Vata, Pitta, and Kapha. They are the three major human constitutional types that both depend on psychological and physical characteristics. The Pitta state is described as a critical, discriminative, and rational psychological state of mind, while the Kapha state is described as being dominant for emotional stimuli. The Vata state is an intermediate unstable shifting state. The Pitta types are of average height and built with well developed musculature. The Vata types are thin individuals with low body mass index. The Kapha types are short stocky individuals that tend toward obesity, and who are sedentary. The study assessed the biochemical differences between right hemispheric dominant, bihemispheric dominant, and left hemispheric dominant individuals, and then compared this with the patterns obtained in the Vata, Pitta, and Kapha states. The isoprenoid metabolites (digoxin, dolichol, and ubiquinone), glycoconjugate metabolism, free radical metabolism, and the RBC membrane composition were studied. The hemispheric chemical dominance in various systemic diseases and psychological states was also investigated. The results showed that right hemispheric chemically dominant/Kapha state had elevated digoxin levels, increased free radical production and reduced scavenging, increased tryptophan catabolites and reduced tyrosine catabolites, increased glycoconjugate levels and increased cholesterol: phospholipid ratio of RBC membranes. Left hemispheric chemically dominant/Pitta states had the opposite biochemical patterns. The patterns were normal or intermediate in the bihemispheric chemically dominant/Vata state. This pattern could be correlated with various systemic and neuropsychiatric diseases and personality traits. Right hemispheric chemical dominance/Kapha state represents a hyperdigoxinemic state with membrane sodium-potassium ATPase inhibition. Left hemispheric chemical dominance/Pitta state represents the reverse pattern with hypodigoxinemia and membrane sodium-potassium ATPase stimulation. The Vata state is the intermediate bihemispheric chemical dominant state. Ninety-five percent of the patients/individuals in the tridosha, pathological, and psychological groups were right-handed/left hemispheric dominant, however, their biochemical patterns were different--either left hemispheric chemical dominant or right hemisp

Topics: Adult; Digoxin; Emotions; Erythrocytes; Free Radicals; Functional Laterality; Glycoconjugates; Health Status; Humans; Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases; Hypothalamus; Medicine, Ayurvedic; Mental Disorders; Muramidase; Ouabain

The short-term (30 days) effects of lithium carbonate on ADH secretion, urinary enzyme secretion (specific markers of tubular damage), fractional excretion of sodium, calcaemia, calciuria and fractional reabsorption of phosphate, plasma and urinary Ca, urea and creatinine clearance were assessed in 15 female patients with emotional disorders. An immediate increase in diuresis was noted. At least in the acute initial phase, this phenomenon appears to be caused by inhibited ADH incretion. No significant variation were noted in calciuria or the fraction of sodium secretion but there was a significant increase of enzymuria, confirming the potential nephrotoxicity of lithium treatment.

Topics: Adult; alpha-Glucosidases; Enzymes; Female; gamma-Glutamyltransferase; Humans; Kidney; Kidney Function Tests; Lithium; Lithium Carbonate; Mental Disorders; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Vasopressins

Topics: Humans; Immunity; Mental Disorders; Muramidase; Schizophrenia