muramidase and Lymphoma

Recent advances in analysis of leukemic cell phenotypes using cell surface markers have provided important insights into leukocyte differentiation and the cellular origin of leukemia. In addition to the traditional cell surface markers, i.e., surface membrane immunoglobulin and receptors for sheep erythrocytes that define B and T lymphocytes, highly specific monoclonal antibodies have been developed that discriminate various stages of human lymphocyte and granulocyte differentiation. Explorations of the detailed phenotypes of leukemic cells in relation to normal hemopoietic differentiation reveal that consistent, composite phenotypes of different subclasses of lymphoid malignancies closely mimic those of corresponding normal cells at equivalent levels of maturation. This is exemplified in lymphoma cells (chronic lymphocytic leukemia of B or T type, Sezary Syndrome, immunocytoma) that resemble mature and immunocompetent T and B cells, in T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) (equivalent to thymus cells) and in non-T ALL (corresponding to lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow). The major phenotypes documented in different leukemias represent the level of maturation arrest imposed on the dominant subclone; this is determined by, but not necessarily synonymous with, the target cell and associated clonogenic cell population in the leukemia. The clinical significance of immunodiagnosis of leukemia cell types becomes best evidenced in acute leukemias. Besides the improvement of diagnosis by using objective criteria, clinically useful subclassifications became evident: five major subtypes of ALL are now recognized, including unclassified or null ALL, common ALL, pre-B-ALL, B-ALL and pre-T/T-ALL. In addition to disclosing that ALL is an heterogeneous disease, such classifications have proved to be prognostically significant. This is exemplified in 248 children and 145 adults with ALL which were analysed for cell type and clinical data. In addition to their utility in leukemia classification, monoclonal antibodies that identify leukemia associated antigens are becoming used therapeutically, e.g., to lyse residual leukemia cells from remission bone marrows removed from leukemia patients before reinfusion. New approaches to the treatment of leukemia in which the objective is to encourage maturation of leukemia cells rather than to achieve leukemia eradication, can be monitored by phenotyping the alterations of the cell surface, and cell markers may hopef

Topics: 5'-Nucleotidase; Acid Phosphatase; Adenosine Deaminase; Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Aneuploidy; Animals; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte; Antigens, Neoplasm; Antigens, Surface; Blood Platelets; Cell Differentiation; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Child; Child, Preschool; Chromosome Aberrations; DNA Nucleotidylexotransferase; Erythrocytes; Female; Granulocytes; Histocytochemistry; HLA Antigens; Humans; Immunoglobulins; Indoles; Infant; Leukemia; Leukocyte Count; Lymphoma; Male; Mice; Middle Aged; Monocytes; Muramidase; Neoplastic Stem Cells; Neprilysin; Nucleotidases; Periodic Acid-Schiff Reaction; Phenotype; Prognosis; Purine-Nucleoside Phosphorylase; Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell; Receptors, Complement; Receptors, Fc; Rosette Formation; Sex Factors; T-Lymphocytes

Topics: Cell Division; Cell Movement; Chemotaxis; Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic; Humans; Lymphoma; Macrophages; Muramidase; Neoplasms; Phagocytes; Phagocytosis

Topics: Hexosaminidases; Humans; Isoenzymes; Karyotyping; Leukemia; Lymphocytes; Lymphoma; Lymphoproliferative Disorders; Muramidase; Nucleotidyltransferases; Plasmacytoma; Prognosis; Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia

Topics: Animals; Antibody Affinity; Antibody Formation; Blood Bactericidal Activity; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Chickens; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; Hematopoiesis; Hypersensitivity, Delayed; Immune Tolerance; Immunity, Cellular; Leukemia Virus, Murine; Lymphocytes; Lymphoma; Mice; Muramidase; Neutrophils; Ovalbumin; Rabbits; Radiation Chimera; Radiation, Ionizing; Rats; T-Lymphocytes; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory; X-Rays

Topics: Adenoma; alpha 1-Antitrypsin; alpha-Fetoproteins; Animals; Antigens; Carcinoembryonic Antigen; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Immunoglobulins; Lymphoma; Muramidase; Neoplasms; Pituitary Hormones; Pituitary Neoplasms

Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Bone Neoplasms; Breast Neoplasms; Drug Tolerance; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms; Granulocytes; Hematopoiesis; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Leukemia; Lymphoma; Muramidase; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasms

Topics: Adult; Animals; Bence Jones Protein; Blood Urea Nitrogen; Calcium; Carcinoma; Electrolytes; Fanconi Syndrome; Humans; Kidney; Kidney Diseases; Leukemia; Lymphoma; Multiple Myeloma; Muramidase; Neoplasms; Nephrotic Syndrome; Phosphorus; Potassium; Proteinuria; Sodium

Topics: Amyloidosis; Blood Vessels; Diabetes Insipidus; Humans; Hypercalcemia; Hyponatremia; Kidney; Kidney Diseases; Lactates; Leukemia; Lymphoma; Muramidase; Nephrotic Syndrome; Uric Acid; Urinary Tract

Topics: Amyloidosis; Blood Protein Disorders; Bone Neoplasms; gamma-Globulins; Humans; Karyotyping; Kidney Diseases; Kinetics; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Plasma Cell; Lung Neoplasms; Lymph Nodes; Lymphoma; Microscopy, Electron; Multiple Myeloma; Muramidase; Plasmacytoma

Topics: Bence Jones Protein; Humans; Immunoglobulin G; Immunoglobulins; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukemia, Plasma Cell; Lymphoma; Multiple Myeloma; Muramidase; Proteins; Proteinuria; Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia

The aim of this work was to study the evolution of neutrophil functions in non-neutropenic cancer patients. Thirty non-neutropenic patients, median age 35 years (range 19-52), with solid tumors (n = 21) or lymphomas (n = 9) entered a phase I study of five days of s.c. (n = 24) or i.v. bolus (n = 6) lenograstim, recombinant human glycosylated granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rHuG-CSF Chugai-Rhône-Poulenc), with dose escalation from 1 to 40 micrograms/kg/day. Neutrophil functions were studied before lenograstim (D1) and 24 h after the last dose (D6). Granulocyte count rose in a significant way, and enzyme release, phagocytosis and bacterial killing were stimulated. All patients had improvement of at least one neutrophil function. Directed migration was depressed, although it was still in the normal range. These findings confirm that lenograstim is a potent activator of neutrophil functions in non-neutropenic cancer patients and may be useful as an adjunct to conventional antimicrobial therapy.

Topics: Adult; Cell Adhesion; Chemotaxis, Leukocyte; Female; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; Granulocytes; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Lenograstim; Leukocyte Count; Leukocyte Elastase; Lymphoma; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Male; Middle Aged; Muramidase; N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine; Neoplasms; Neutrophils; Pancreatic Elastase; Phagocytosis; Recombinant Proteins

Histiocytic sarcoma (HS) and histiocyte-associated lymphoma (HAL) of mice are difficult to distinguish histologically. Studies of multiple cases initially diagnosed as HS or HAL allowed us to define HS as round, fusiform, or mixed cell types that were F4/80+, Mac-2+, and PAX5-; that lacked markers for other sarcomas; and that had immune receptor genes in germline configuration. Two other subsets had clonal populations of lymphocytes. The first, HAL, featured malignant lymphocytes admixed with large populations of normal-appearing histiocytes. The second appeared to be composites of lymphoma and HS. Several cases suggestive of B myeloid-lineage plasticity were also observed.

Topics: Animals; Antigens, Differentiation; Biomarkers, Tumor; Female; Galectin 3; Histiocytic Sarcoma; Lymphoma; Male; Mice; Muramidase; PAX5 Transcription Factor; Rodent Diseases

The report describes five cases of a rare disorder--necrotizing lymphadenitis--diagnosed in Polish patients in the Department of Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, in the years 1993-2006. The disease was firstly described by Kikuchi and Fujimoto in the Oriental population of Japan in 1972 and for this reason it is called Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease (or Kikuchi lymphadenitis). Its characteristic histological picture includes necrosis without granulocytic infiltrate surrounded by plasmocytoid monocytes, histiocytes (CD68+, lysozyme+, myeloperoxidase+) and immunoblasts, sometimes with atypia, with concomitant lymphocytes, predominantly cytotoxic T CD8+. The histology together with the rare occurrence of the disease in Poland may be a considerable diagnostic challenge for a pathologist, leading to misdiagnosing the lesion as a neoplastic process (malignant lymphoma).

Topics: Adult; Antigens, CD; Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic; Biomarkers; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Granulocytes; Histiocytes; Histiocytic Necrotizing Lymphadenitis; Humans; Lymphoma; Male; Monocytes; Muramidase; Neutrophil Infiltration; Peroxidase

It was shown that hen egg-white lysozyme (LM) in the dose 100 mg/kg under the daily intragastral use slightly inhibited tumor grown or did not influence significantly upon it and did not change antitumor activity of cyclophosphamide. When used at mice C57Bl/6J with the transplanted ascitic or solid T-cell lymphoma EL4 (syngeneic system). On model of the same tumors in ascitic form at mice-hybrids (C57Bl/6J x DBA2)F1 (semisingeneic system) LM significantly potentiates antitumor activity of cyclophosphamide, though it had no effect on the rate of tumor growth. Potentiation of the effect of cyclophosphamide revealed itself in more slow development of ascite, increased mean life-span and the overall survival, appearance of completely cured animals. Our clinic-laboratory studies have revealed a sharp deficit of endogenic lysozyme in the blood serum of leukemic patients and extremely low lysozyme content in lavage liquid, from leukemic patients, with pneumonia. These data suggest that LM can be useful as a food additive in the complex treatment of oncological patients for enhancing antineoplastic chemotherapy efficacy.

Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; Cell Division; Cyclophosphamide; Lymphoma; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Inbred DBA; Muramidase

Patients treated for Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin lymphomas were followed for 5 years after start of therapy. The patients received combinations of anticancer drugs for curative intent for 6 months (Hodgkin's disease) or 7 months (non-Hodgkin lymphomas).. Cumulated data of 22 surviving patients (mean age, 49 years) were compared with that of 17 patients (mean age, 52 years) who had died or were terminally ill at the 5-year examination. Saliva samples were taken at baseline, and 4, 6, 12, and 60 months after start of chemotherapy. Salivary flow rate and a variety of biochemical constituents were analyzed.. The results showed no long-term effect of anticancer treatment on salivary flow rates. Neither was there any difference between the surviving or deceased patients' baseline values (1.5 +/- 0.7 mL/minute versus 1.5 +/- 0.8 mL/minute) and after chemotherapy. Lysozyme, IgA, IgG, and IgM concentrations decreased after chemotherapy. Significantly lower values were observed at the 5-year examination than at baseline. This was particularly evident in IgA, which is the major immunoglobulin in saliva; mean IgA was 70.5 +/- 52.8 mg/mL at baseline, 35.8 +/- 15.0 mg/mL 5 years later (p < 0.001). Salivary total protein and amylase concentrations were significantly decreased (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05, respectively), whereas albumin concentration was significantly increased at the 5-year examination (p < 0.05). When the salivary biochemical results were compared between the surviving and deceased patients, no statistically significant differences were observed. At baseline, however, the mean immunoglobulin values were lower in patients who later died, in comparison with those who survived.. These results showed that modern anticancer therapy need not cause severe side effects on salivary flow rates and composition. In addition, apart from the long-term immunosuppression, no significant decreases were expressed in salivary defensive factors.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Albumins; Amylases; Analysis of Variance; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Bleomycin; Cyclophosphamide; Dacarbazine; Dexamethasone; Doxorubicin; Epirubicin; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Immunoglobulin A, Secretory; Leucovorin; Lymphoma; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Male; Mechlorethamine; Methotrexate; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Prednisone; Procarbazine; Saliva; Salivary Proteins and Peptides; Secretory Rate; Statistics, Nonparametric; Vinblastine; Vincristine

To date, the diagnosis of mast cell disease (MCD) relied on routine plus histochemical stains. Its differential diagnosis, however, includes a variety of other hematopoietic and particularly B-cell lymphoid neoplasms that are best identified in paraffin sections using immunostains. To determine the paraffin-section immunoreactivity of MCD, 20 specimens from 14 patients with MCD and 1 bone marrow sample (from a patient with probable MCD) that showed equivocal metachromasia, were stained with antitryptase, CD68 (KP-1), CD20 (L26), antilysozyme, and antimyeloperoxidase antibodies. Ten hairy cell leukemias (HCLs), six lymphomas of parafollicular and/or monocytoid B-cell (MBCLs) and low-grade mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) types, six granulocytic sarcomas, and five acute myeloid leukemias with monocytic differentiation (M4 and M5 types) were also stained. Tryptase positivity was identified in all of the MCD cases. The staining was moderate to strong in 20 of the 21 specimens, including the probable MCD case. No other neoplasms tested were tryptase positive. CD68 showed similar to even stronger staining in all of the specimens of MCD, HCL, granulocytic sarcoma, and acute myeloid leukemia (M4 and M5 types) tested and in five of the six MBCL and/or MALT-type lymphomas. Weak-to-moderate lysozyme staining seemed to be present in at least 7 of the MCD specimens, whereas there was a lack of staining for myeloperoxidase in 12 specimens, and 7 specimens were nonevaluable (1 case was not tested). Myeloperoxidase was identified in all of the granulocytic sarcomas and acute myeloid leukemias (M4 and M5 types) but not in any HCLs, MBCLs, or low-grade lymphomas of MALT type. CD20 was negative in all of the MCD and myelomonocytic neoplasms but positive in all of the HCLs, MBCLs, and low-grade B-cell lymphomas of MALT type. MCD, therefore, has a characteristic tryptase-positive, CD68-positive, and CD20-negative phenotype in paraffin sections. This distinguishes MCD from the hematopoietic and/or lymphoid disorders that it most closely resembles.

Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antigens, CD; Antigens, CD20; Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic; Bone Marrow; Chymases; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Leukemia; Liver; Lymph Nodes; Lymphoma; Mast Cells; Mastocytosis; Microtomy; Muramidase; Neoplasms; Paraffin Embedding; Peroxidase; Serine Endopeptidases; Skin; Tryptases

Therapeutic efficacy and preventive role of egg white lysozyme was evaluated in three types of murine ascitic tumours, namely sarcoma 180, Ehrlich's carcinoma, and Dalton's lymphoma. Lysozyme treatment produced regression of tumour growth and improved the life expectancy of the host. Growth of tumour cells treated in vitro with lysozyme prior to transplantation was also affected. In addition, lysozyme was found to have a preventive effect when administered to normal mice. The antitumour activity, therapeutic and preventive, of lysozyme seems to be due to its action on the tumour cell surface as well as on the host-mediated immune response.

Topics: Animals; Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor; Egg White; Lymphoma; Mice; Muramidase; Neoplasm Transplantation; Neoplasms, Experimental; Peritoneal Cavity; Sarcoma 180; Tumor Cells, Cultured

A series of experiments was conducted to examine the effect of glucan on the reticuloendothelial system (RES) and on the development of 90Sr-induced osteosarcomas and malignant lymphomas in CBA/S mice. Glucan demonstrated a strong RES-stimulating effect, as evidenced by a dose-related increase in lysozyme levels in the plasma and an enlargement of the liver and spleen. Weekly injections of glucan between 150 and 250 days after exposure to 90Sr suppressed the actuarial appearance of the fibroblastic type of osteosarcomas and stimulated the emergence of malignant lymphomas. Glucan itself had no tumorigenic effect in mice not exposed to 90Sr.

Topics: Animals; Bone Neoplasms; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Glucans; Lymphoma; Macrophages; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred CBA; Mononuclear Phagocyte System; Muramidase; Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced; Organ Size; Osteosarcoma; Spleen; Strontium Radioisotopes

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules are exposed to large quantities of self and nonself antigens. It is not known what fraction of MHC molecules needs to be occupied by antigen to induce a T cell response. A quantitative study of naturally processed antigen indicated that T cells could be activated when only 0.03 percent of the total I-Ed purified from antigen-presenting cells (APCs) was occupied with antigen. B cells and macrophages processed hen egg lysozyme (HEL) with different efficiencies, but similar degrees of occupancy were required for T cell stimulation. Higher occupancy was needed for I-Ed-transfected L cells, possibly reflecting the requirement for other accessory molecules for efficient APC-T cell interaction.

Topics: Animals; Antigen-Presenting Cells; B-Lymphocytes; Cell Line; Genes, MHC Class II; Histocompatibility Antigens Class II; Kinetics; Lymphocyte Activation; Lymphoma; Macrophages; Muramidase; T-Lymphocytes; Transfection

The present study concerns the immunocytochemical localization of S-100 protein and lysozyme in the cells of canine lymph nodes and lymphomas. In the normal canine lymph node S-100 protein was detected in follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) and in interdigitating reticulum cells (IRCs). S-100 positive cells were found in thirteen out of twenty-four lymphomas, scattered throughout the tumour or in follicles. In three cases (two cutaneous lymphomas and one nodal lymphoma) the number of positive cells was high, although the main proliferating cell population was S-100 negative. In normal lymph nodes lysozyme immunoreactivity was found in the cytoplasm of cortical and medullary histiocytes. Lymphomatous cells were negative for lysozyme, although in three cases lysozyme-positive cells were present between the lymphatic cells. The possible origin of these S-100 or lysozyme positive cells is discussed. It is suggested that S-100 protein and lysozyme can be used as useful markers for these two types of dendritic cells and for macrophages.

Topics: Animals; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Immunohistochemistry; Lymph Nodes; Lymphoma; Muramidase; S100 Proteins

The antitumor effects of egg-white lysozyme, at dosages between 25 and 100 mg/kg/day given for 5 to 14 days, was examined in CBA mice bearing MCa mammary carcinoma or TLX5 lymphoma. At early stages of tumor growth the antitumor action of lysozyme is statistically significant, independently from the route of administration (e.g., i.v. and oral admixed with food). With larger tumor masses, oral administration of lysozyme is effective on s.c. tumor growth but not on i.m. tumors. The effects of lysozyme in mice bearing TLX5 lymphoma consist of reduction of the capacity of tumor cells to form brain metastases: the effect is mediated by spleen cells. Dietary intake of lysozyme is also active in prolonging the survival time of animals treated with surgery and postsurgical cisplatin treatment. These effects indicate lysozyme to be an active substance, effective on the growth of malignant tumors and capable of synergizing with conventional therapies such as surgery plus cisplatin for the control of disseminated tumors in mice.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Cisplatin; Egg White; Injections, Intravenous; Lymphoma; Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Muramidase; Neoplasm Metastasis; Tumor Cells, Cultured

Anti-I-A mAb and monovalent Fab fragments were used to explore the cellular distribution and endocytosis of I-A in peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) and TA3 B lymphoma-hybridoma cells. TA3 cells contained 1.6 x 10(5) I-A sites/cell, 22 to 35% of which were intracellular. This intracellular pool was cycloheximide resistant. PEC contained 1.8 x 10(5) I-A sites/cell, 25 to 40% of which were intracellular. Upon adherence, however, the intracellular pool of I-A in PEC dropped to 2 to 11% of the total cellular I-A. Ag processing by TA3 cells was unaffected 3 h after abrogation of protein synthesis with cycloheximide, suggesting that newly synthesized I-A is not necessary for Ag processing in TA3 cells (post-synthetic processing and transport of I-A to the plasma membrane were complete by 2 h in TA3 cells with or without cycloheximide, as assessed by sequential immunoprecipitation of surface and intracellular I-A). In adherent PEC, however, cycloheximide markedly inhibited Ag processing, suggesting depletion of factors necessary for Ag processing. Ag processing may involve binding of processed Ag peptides to intracellular Ia derived to varying degrees from both endocytosis and new biosynthesis. To explore the possibility of I-A recycling, I-A endocytosis was demonstrated using mAb and monovalent Fab probes; internalization occurred within 5 min and peaked by 10 to 15 min with 15 to 35% of bound antibody in an intracellular compartment, resistant to an acid wash. Subcellular density gradient fractionation demonstrated that I-A and transferrin were processed exclusively in an endosomal fraction of relatively light density, whereas ligands of the mannose receptor were processed in light endosomes and in a distinct, denser population of endosomes, and accumulated in lysosomes. Thus, I-A appears to be internalized into a specific population of endosomes that may play a central role in Ag processing.

Topics: Animals; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Ascitic Fluid; Biological Transport; Body Fluids; Cell Compartmentation; Cycloheximide; Endocytosis; Histocompatibility Antigens Class II; Hybridomas; Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments; Intracellular Fluid; Kinetics; Lymphoma; Mice; Mice, Inbred CBA; Muramidase; Protein Biosynthesis; Subcellular Fractions

Focally aggregated epithelioid cells and granulomatous epithelioid cell reactions of different genesis were investigated immunohistochemically by means of PAP method according to Sternberger. We studied the presence of histiocytic markers lysozyme and alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, the content of albumin and of immunoglobulins and the question of immunophagocytosis and the presence of fibronectin. Various forms of activation of epithelioid cells as well as histiocytes and Langhans giant cells were found thereby. In the former, a phagocytosis could never be demonstrated, whereas this was true in histiocytes and giant cells. Fibronectin was not found in epithelioid cells. The findings suggest that epithelioid cells are a specific form of reaction of histiocytic elements. Thus they are a special reaction of MPS in a multiple causal genesis and a morphogenesis according to its own characteristics within a hypersensitivity reaction of a delayed type. Epithelioid cells modulate the immune response and in this way the tissue reaction.

Topics: Albumins; alpha 1-Antichymotrypsin; Fibronectins; Granuloma; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Immunoglobulins; Immunohistochemistry; Lymph Nodes; Lymphoma; Muramidase; Phagocytes; Phagocytosis; Sarcoidosis; Tuberculoma; Tuberculosis, Lymph Node

Central nervous system (CNS) involvement in patients with leukaemia or lymphoma presents a diagnostic problem. This study was conducted to test whether combined measurements of various cellular markers such as beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2m), lactoferrin (LF) and lysozyme (LYS) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) might aid in the diagnosis of CNS involvement in such patients. Forty-two patients were studied. Sixteen were considered to have CNS involvement and 26 showed no signs of such involvement. In the group with symptoms or signs of CNS involvement, nine patients out of 12 had increased total protein in CSF, 14 of 14 increased beta 2m, 14 of 16 increased LYS and five of 15 increased LF. In patients without CNS involvement total protein was increased in four of 25, beta 2m in three of 21, LYS in four of 28 and LF in one of 28 patients. The differences were statistically significant (P less than 0.01, P less than 0.001, P less than 0.001 and P less than 0.05, respectively). Prophylactic intrathecal methotrexate treatment in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia caused an increase in the CSF of beta 2m, LYS and LF but not of total protein, which may reflect a drug-induced inflammatory reaction in the CNS. We conclude that combined measurements of the three cell markers add to our understanding of the cellular reaction to malignant cells in the CNS in leukaemia and lymphoma and may be valuable supplements in the diagnosis of this CNS involvement.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; beta 2-Microglobulin; Central Nervous System Diseases; Female; Humans; Injections, Spinal; Lactoferrin; Lactoglobulins; Leukemia; Lymphoma; Male; Methotrexate; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Time Factors

A patient with immunohistochemically confirmed nasal T-cell lymphoma is reported. He developed systemic histiocytosis with marked hemophagocytosis, simulating malignant histiocytosis. The differential diagnosis from the latter is discussed.

Topics: Antigens, Surface; Diagnosis, Differential; Erythrocytes; Frozen Sections; Histiocytes; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Lymphatic Diseases; Lymphatic Metastasis; Lymphoma; Male; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Nasal Cavity; Nose Neoplasms; Phagocytosis; Staining and Labeling

A retrospective study of 76 primary gastrointestinal lymphomas utilizing an avidin: biotinylated horseradish peroxidase complex (ABC) technique demonstrated 22 B-cell lymphomas, including two associated with alpha-heavy chain disease. Seven cases were classified as true histiocytic lymphomas based on a positive reaction for one or more of three histiocytic enzyme markers utilized, predominantly alpha-1-antitrypsin and alpha-1-antichymotrypsin. However, in 20 cases, an intense admixture of reactive histiocytes was noted and these cells stained preferentially for the enzyme, lysozyme. Twenty cases, which stained for both kappa and lambda light chains and positively or negatively for albumin, could not be classified and 27 cases failed to stain with any of the antisera utilized.

Topics: alpha 1-Antichymotrypsin; alpha 1-Antitrypsin; Antibodies; B-Lymphocytes; Chymotrypsin; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms; Heavy Chain Disease; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Immunoglobulin alpha-Chains; Immunoglobulin kappa-Chains; Immunoglobulin lambda-Chains; Lymphoma; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Muramidase

Histological material was studied in five unselected cases of intestinal large-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, occurring in patients either with previously diagnosed coeliac disease, or with atrophic mucosa at the time of diagnosis. The morphological diagnosis in each case was centroblastic lymphoma: these tumours were composed of large cells with pale nuclei and prominent nucleoli. No phagocytosis was evident, but some cells showed considerable pleomorphism. Polykaryotic giant cells were infrequent. Immunohistochemical staining for lysozyme, alpha-1-anti-trypsin and alpha-1-anti-chymotrypsin failed to demonstrate any of these proteins in the tumour cells, although they were identified in accompanying reactive macrophages. There is thus no evidence for a histiocytic nature in these five cases. The tumours were immunoglobulin-negative. Again, polyclonal immunoglobulin could be demonstrated in reactive (plasma) cells in and near the tumour. The relevance of these immunological markers is discussed. We suggest that these tumours, and possibly some of those reported in a similar situation by other investigators, are in fact lymphocytic in origin. They are probably examples of centroblastic lymphoma, although T-cell lymphoma, rare in the gastrointestinal tract, cannot be ruled out by our immunohistological studies.

Topics: Adult; Aged; alpha 1-Antichymotrypsin; alpha 1-Antitrypsin; Celiac Disease; Cell Nucleolus; Cell Nucleus; Chymotrypsin; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Intestinal Neoplasms; Lymphocytes; Lymphoma; Macrophages; Male; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Plasma Cells

Clinical and histological findings in 37 cases of cutaneous lymphomas other than mycosis fungoides and Sezary syndrome were investigated; there were 31 in adults and 6 in children. Cutaneous lesions were the first manifestations of the diseases in all cases, and they appeared mostly as tumors or nodules. Cytomorphologically, about a half of the cases showed proliferations of large cleaved, non-cleaved cells or immunoblasts (Group I). Eight cases showed a polymorphous appearance containing convoluted cells of various size (Group II). Five cases in children demonstrated monomorphous proliferation of uniform-sized lymphoblasts (Group III). The cytologic findings in 6 cases did not fit into any lymphoid groups (Group IV). The clinical findings observed in each group were reviewed and compared. Follow-up study revealed that the prognosis of Group I was the poorest among the four groups.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Lymphokines; Lymphoma; Male; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Prognosis; Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell; Rosette Formation; Skin Neoplasms

Immunologic studies demonstrate that non-Hodgkin's lymphomas are derived predominantly from B- or T-lymphoid cells, while node-based tumors of true histiocytic derivation are rare, with few documented cases. This report describes the clinical, histologic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural features of two cases of node-based true histiocytic lymphoma. Distinctive ultrastructural features included numerous cytoplasmic lysosomes, surface microvillous processes, and occasional cell junctions, and the cells stained strongly for alpha-napthyl acetate esterase and alpha one-antitrypsin. Since there are few specific histologic features, special technics may be essential in confirming the diagnosis of true histiocytic lymphoma, and determining appropriate therapy.

Topics: alpha 1-Antitrypsin; Antigens, Surface; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Histiocytes; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Lymphoma; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Middle Aged; Muramidase

Biopsy material of 172 patients with malignant cutaneous lymphomas and pseudolymphomas was examined using the immunoperoxidase technique. It can be stated that this technique appears to be a valuable aid for the classification and differential diagnosis of cutaneous lymphoproliferative and histiocytic disorders. In addition, the method provides a better understanding of the etiopathology of certain entities.

Topics: Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Immunoglobulins; Lymphoma; Muramidase; Skin Neoplasms

Eleven cases of primary extranodal lymphoma occurring within the oral cavity were studied using an immunoperoxidase technique on formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue to detect immunoglobulin, J chain, lysozyme and alpha 1 antitrypsin. On the basis of immunoglobulin and J chain content, the 11 cases fell into 4 groups. Staining for lysozyme and alpha 1 antitrypsin revealed a large variation in the staining intensity and numbers of reactive histiocytes between cases, although no positive staining of lymphoma cells was found. The results indicate that 64 per cent of the lesions were of B lymphocyte origin with no proven cases of true histiocytic lymphoma and are consistent with similar studies of nodal lesions.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Albumins; alpha 1-Antitrypsin; Female; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Immunoglobulin J-Chains; Immunoglobulins; Lymphoma; Male; Middle Aged; Mouth Neoplasms; Muramidase

Topics: Celiac Disease; Female; Humans; Intestinal Neoplasms; Lymphoma; Male; Muramidase

YAC-1 lymphoma cells, both when cultured in vitro and when passaged in ascites form in vivo, synthesize gangliosides (means of 22.1 and 14.7 nmol lipid-bound sialic acid isolated per 10(8) cells, respectively) with potent inhibitory effects on mitogen- and antigen-induced lymphoproliferation: 10 to 30 nmol highly purified YAC-1 gangliosides/ml caused greater than 90% inhibition of proliferative responses of murine lymphocytes to concanavalin A, lysozyme (a soluble specific antigen), and allogeneic cells (mixed-lymphocyte response). Measureable quantities of these gangliosides were shed by the tumor cells in vitro and also were recovered from the ascites fluid in vivo. Furthermore, the gangliosides isolated from ascites fluid (mean of 15.3 nmol/ml) had inhibitory activity of a magnitude similar to that of the gangliosides isolated from the tumor cells. Therefore, significant inhibition of normal lymphoproliferative responses by tumor-derived gangliosides occurred at ganglioside concentrations which are actually present in the fluid surrounding the tumor cells in vivo. These results support the hypothesis that shedding of gangliosides may serve to protect tumor cells from host immune destruction.

Topics: Cells, Cultured; Concanavalin A; Gangliosides; Humans; Lymphocyte Activation; Lymphoma; Muramidase

Intracytoplasmic lysozyme was studied by the peroxidase antiperoxidase (PAP) and protein A-peroxidase methods in 130 cases of various myeloproliferative and lymphoproliferative disorders and 21 lymph nodes and bone marrow metastases from solid primary tumors. This marker, which can be identified in formalin or Zenker-fixed tissues, as well as in peripheral blood and bone marrow smears, proved useful to distinguish malignant myeloid and histiocytic tumors from malignant lymphoid and undifferentiated epithelial metastases. The diagnostic application of these findings are discussed.

Topics: Cytoplasm; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Leukemia; Lymphoma; Lymphoproliferative Disorders; Monocytes; Muramidase; Myeloproliferative Disorders

The clinical and histologic data from 12 patients with "reticulum cell sarcoma" (large cell lymphoma) presenting in the skin were reviewed. Moreover, when appropriate material was available additional immunological, cytochemical and ultrastructural techniques were used to define the nature of the neoplastic cells. Eight tumors were found to be of true histiocytic origin (histiocytic sarcoma), three of B-cell origin (two B-immunoblastic lymphomas and one centroblastic or large noncleaved follicle center cell lymphoma) and one case could not be classified. Possible explanations for the discrepancy between the current report and other studies as to the frequency of true histiocytic tumors will be discussed. The differentiation into T-cell, B-cell and true histiocytic lymphomas appears to be important, not only because of different clinical behaviour, but possibly also from a therapeutical point of view.

Topics: Adult; Aged; alpha 1-Antitrypsin; Enzymes; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Lymphoma; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Skin Neoplasms

The occurrence and pattern of cytoplasmic muramidase containing histiocytes were studied by the unlabeled antibody peroxidase-antiperoxidase method in biopsy material from patients with Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, and reactive hyperplasia. The majority of lymph nodes from patients with Hodgkin's disease, nodular lymphoma, and reactive hyperplasia gave positive staining reactions when tested in this manner. Differences in the staining pattern were observed for the different conditions studied. In general, stain positive cells occurred in one of the following four patterns: nodular, dispersed, aggregating without background stain, or aggregating with background stain (mottling pattern). The nodular and aggregating without background stain patterns were not specific and were seen in various conditions. The dispersed pattern, however, was observed only in some cases of non-Hodgkin's diffuse lymphomas, suggesting a subgroup of tumors characterized by active participation of reactive histiocytes. The mottling pattern was virtually limited to Hodgkin's disease. Since the mottling pattern appeared to be produced by virtue of a large amount of extracellular muramidase, the elevation of the serum muramidase level in Hodgkin's disease may be related to enzymatically active secretory histiocytes. Moreover, the mottling staining pattern was observed frequently in the lymphocytic predominance and nodular sclerosis type of Hodgkin's disease, but relatively infrequently in the mixed cellularity or lymphocytic depletion types, suggesting that the variation in histiocytic activity may be related to the course of the disease. The decreased staining reaction observed in the latter two categories could not be accounted for by a decrease in the numbers of histiocytic cells in hematoxylin and eosin stained sections, suggesting that release or synthesis may be defective in those unfavorable types of Hodgkin's disease.

Topics: Cytoplasm; Histiocytes; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Hyperplasia; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Lymph Nodes; Lymphoma; Muramidase; Staining and Labeling

Hen egg-white lysozyme (HEL)-specific suppressor T cells induced in C57BL/6 mice have been selected by sequential passage over plates coated with goat anti-mouse Ig and HEL. These suppressor T cells, 80% I-J+, were infected in vitro with radiation leukemia virus (RadLV/Nu1) and injected intravenously into sublethally irradiated syngeneic recipients. After 4-6 months, 6 out of 20 injected mice developed thymic lymphomas, which were maintained by transplantation into histocompatible hosts and subsequently established as permanent cell lines. Cells of these six thymomas were screened for the presence of Thy 1.2, Lyt 1, Lyt 2, I-Jb, and Ig cell surface antigens by direct or indirect immunofluorescence. One tumor (thymoma L4) was found to express the expected phenotype of suppressor T cells (Thy 1.2+, Lyt 2+, I-J+). High-speed supernatants of extracts obtained from L4 cells were able to induce HEL-specific suppression in a T cell proliferative assay, demonstrating the presence of an antigen-specific suppressive T cell factor.

Topics: Animals; Antigens; Antigens, Surface; Cell Line; Cell Transformation, Viral; Immune Tolerance; Leukemia Virus, Murine; Leukemia, Experimental; Lymphoma; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Muramidase; T-Lymphocytes

The distribution of various hydrolytic enzymes has been determined in 27 human palatine tonsils by means of conventional enzyme histochemical techniques, and lysozyme (muramidase) activity has been localised in eight tonsils by the unlabelled antibody peroxidase-antiperoxidase complex (PAP) method. The enzyme activities of various cell types are compared and the effect of various methods of fixation and processing discussed. The results suggest that arrangement of various histiocytic cells types within the tonsillar follicles and crypt epithelium is related to the processing of antigen. The PAP method for lysozyme demonstrates a smaller population of cells than is demonstrated by the alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) method. T-cells are demonstrated by the presence of dot-like ANAE activity in their cytoplasm. Large numbers of the lymphocytes of this type were located in the T-dependent areas of the tonsil, and are frequent beneath the crypt epithelium. The efferent lymphatic vessels appeared to contain an almost pure population of T-cells. The immunohistochemical method for lysozyme did not differentiate between T- and B-cell areas, dot-like activity being absent. As in other workers' studies on non-lymphoid cells of the murine spleen, several types of glass-adherent cells have been identified in short-term cell cultures from the human tonsil. True dendritic cells and branching macrophages differ in several ways (as in the mouse spleen). The tonsil is considered to be a useful control "reactive" lymphoid organ, to act as a baseline tissue in an extended study of morphology and enzyme histochemistry in the lymphomas.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Cells, Cultured; Dendrites; Esterases; Glucuronidase; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Lymphocytes; Lymphoma; Macrophages; Muramidase; Palatine Tonsil; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases

The immunohistological findings are reported in 62 cases of malignant lymphomas, pseudolymphomas and malignant histiocytic disorders of the skin. Paraffin-embedded tissue was analyzed with the Peroxidase-Antiperoxidase (PAP) Technique for the presence of intracytoplasmic immunoglobulin (IgM, IgA, IgG, Kappa, Lambda) ana lysozyme. It can be stated that the PAP technique appears to be a valuable aid in interpreting and differentiating selected material of cutaneous lymphoproliferative and histiocytic disorders. The method supplements routine histological and histochemical staining procedures.

Topics: Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Immunoglobulin A; Immunoglobulin G; Immunoglobulin kappa-Chains; Immunoglobulin lambda-Chains; Immunoglobulin M; Lymphoma; Muramidase; Skin Neoplasms

The lysozyme (muramidase) activity was measured in the sera of 84 dogs with neoplastic disease. Neoplasms included 32 lymphomas, 13 primary bone neoplasms, 5 melanomas, 5 thyroid neoplasms, 9 soft tissue sarcomas, 5 mast cell sarcomas, and 15 carcinomas. The sera from 21 healthy dogs served as control. Dogs with neoplastic disease had significantly (P less than 0.005) higher serum lysozyme activity than did the healthy controls. For lymphosarcoma, dogs with clinical signs of systemic disease had significantly higher serum lysozyme activity than did dogs without clinical signs. For bone neoplasms, dogs with metastatic disease had higher serum lysozyme activity than did dogs without metastasis. Increased lysozyme activity may be a useful marker of macrophage-mediated host responses to neoplasms in dogs.

Topics: Animals; Bone Neoplasms; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Lymphoma; Mast-Cell Sarcoma; Muramidase; Neoplasms; Sarcoma; Thyroid Neoplasms

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; B-Lymphocytes; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Histiocytes; Humans; Immunoglobulins; Lymphoma; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Male; Muramidase; Phenotype; T-Lymphocytes

One hundred one lymphoproliferative lesions of the gastrointestinal tract (66 malignant lymphomas, 20 pseudolymphomas, and 5 borderline lesions) were reviewed. The pathologic features were compared to the clinical findings, with reference to differential diagnosis and prognosis. Special attention was paid to immunohistochemical features. The gross appearance was diagnostic in only a limited number of cases. Endoscopic biopsy alone was also of limited value because only a diagnosis of probability could be made in several cases. In most of them the definitive diagnosis had to be based on histologic examination of the resected specimen. Immunohistochemical examination was found to be very useful as an ancillary diagnostic technique. Malignant lymphomas displayed either cytoplasmic immunoglobulins with a monoclonal pattern (47.1 per cent) or a negative reaction, whereas the pseudolymphomas were generally characterized by polyclonal immunoglobulins. Ninety per cent of malignant lymphomas with cytoplasmic immunoglobulins contained lambda chains. The survival probability was found to be related to the size of the lesion, the depth of infiltration, and the immunohistochemical characteristics of the tumors. The histologic type of the lymphomas was of limited value as a predictor of prognosis in the present series.

Topics: Animals; Cytoplasm; Female; Gastrectomy; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms; Humans; Immunoglobulins; Intestinal Neoplasms; Lymph Nodes; Lymphoma; Male; Middle Aged; Mortality; Muramidase; Plasma Cells; Rabbits

Serum lysozyme activities were measured in 34 control subjects, 13 untreated adult coeliac patients, 21 adult coeliac patients on gluten-free diet, and eight coeliac patients with a histiocytic lymphoma. Serum lysozyme activities were raised in three untreated patients, three patients treated with a gluten-free diet, and in only two patients with coeliac disease and lymphoma. Serum lysozyme estimations cannot be recommended as an aid to the diagnosis of lymphoma in patients with coeliac disease.

Topics: Adult; Celiac Disease; Female; Humans; Lymphoma; Male; Muramidase

Topics: Antibodies, Viral; Child; Humans; Immunoglobulins; Leukemia; Lymphoma; Muramidase

In an eighteen month period ending October 1978, nine cases of intracranial Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were diagnosed in this centre. Eight patients had lymphomatous meningitis and one, multiple intracerebral lymphoma deposits. The commonest presentation was with multiple cranial nerve palsies. Despite treatment five patients died within one month of diagnosis and at autopsy three patients were found to have extensive lymphoma involving the meninges. Three patients remain in remission after combination chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The incidence, clinical features, management and prognosis for this condition are discussed.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Brain Neoplasms; Cerebrospinal Fluid; Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteins; Female; Glucose; Humans; Leukocyte Count; Lymphocytes; Lymphoma; Male; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Prognosis; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

We studied the value of serum lysozyme as a helpful test in distinguising tuberculous involvement of intrathoracic glands from lymphoma. Nineteen of the 28 patients (all Asian immigrants) with intrathoracic glandular tuberculosis had raised serum lysozyme level as compared with 2 of the 29 patients with lymphoma. While a normal serum lysozyme level is unhelpful, a raised level in an Asian immigrant with hilar or mediastinal lymphadenopathy makes tuberculosis a highly probable diagnosis.

Topics: Africa, Eastern; Bronchial Neoplasms; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; India; Lymphatic Diseases; Lymphoma; Male; Muramidase; Sarcoidosis; Thoracic Neoplasms; Tuberculosis, Lymph Node; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary; Wales

Serum angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity was studied in healthy controls, in 57 untreated sarcoidosis patients, and in 164 patients with other chest or lymph node diseases. The serum ACE activity of healthy persons was independent of sex, intake of meals, and smoking habits. There were no diurnal variations. Healthy children had a significantly higher ACE mean value than adults, whose ACE activity was not affected by age. The sarcoidosis patients had the highest ACE mean values, but those of patients with silicosis and asbestosis were also significantly elevated. Pulmonary cancer patients had decreased serum ACE activity, which was probably due to antimitotic treatment. Serum lysozyme (LZM) concentrations did not correlate with normal ACE activity, but the correlation between elevated ACE and LZM was significant in sarcoidosis and silicosis, and the trend was clearly the same for asbestosis. This indicates separate sources for these enzymes when ACE activity is normal, and a common source, i.e. macrophages, when ACE activity is increased. ACE production in certain diseases involving macrophages may be due to the bradykinin inhibiting effect of this enzyme.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic; Asbestosis; Bronchitis; Female; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Lung Diseases; Lung Neoplasms; Lymphatic Diseases; Lymphoma; Male; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A; Pneumonia; Pulmonary Fibrosis; Sarcoidosis; Silicosis; Thoracic Neoplasms; Tuberculosis, Lymph Node; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

Serum lysozyme activity was measured in samples from adult patients with acute leukemia, malignant tumors, and in normal adults. Twenty-eight adult patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) had significantly elevated levels of lysozyme at diagnosis, and none of the adults fell within the normal range. Thirty-two patients with AML in complete remission had lysozyme levels comparable to normal adults, whereas patients with AML in relapse (eight cases) also had abnormally high levels of lysozyme activity. Ten patients with AML in remission and off therapy also had normal lysozyme levels. Three patients with acute lymphatic leukemia had normal lysozyme levels, while one child with monomyelocytic leukemia had substantially elevated lysozyme levels before treatment. It seems that in patients in remission and with normal blood values, the serum lysozyme activity is valuable for monitoring the remission.

Topics: Adult; Antineoplastic Agents; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Lymphoma; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Muramidase; Prognosis; Remission, Spontaneous

A series of 55 biopsies from different types of malignant lymphomas were characterized in short-term culture experiments and during prolonged growth in vitro. The majority of the lymphocytic lymphomas and half of the histiocytic lymphomas expressed surface immunoglobulin, either in monoclonal or polyclonal form, indicating B-lymphocyte derivation. No lysozyme production was noted in either type of lymphoma, giving further support to the notion that histiocytic lymphomas are not truly histiocytic. Production of beta2-microglobulin was higher in histiocytic than in lymphocytic lymphoma and Hodgkin's disease but did not significantly differ from the production observed in non-neoplastic lymph node disorders. Incorporation of 3H-thymidine varied greatly within each category of lymphoma; the highest mean labelling index was noted in histiocytic lymphoma, possibly reflecting the generally more malignant course in such cases. Epstein-Barr virus-associated nuclear antigen was observed in one case of Hodgkin's disease. Attempts to establish permanent tumor cell lines were successful only from two explants of lymphocytic lymphoma and one pleural effusion from histiocytic lymphoma. The two cell lines derived from lymphocytic lymphomas both exhibited B-lymphocyte characteristics. The histiocytic lymphoma line lacked lymphocyte markers, produced lysozyme and was found to be rich in cytoplasmic esterases. These features are consistent with a "true" histiocytic derivation of this line. Lymphoblastoid cell lines representing non-neoplastic EBV-carrying lymphocytes contaminating the biopsies were derived from 19 biopsies, with the highest frequency noted in cultures of biopsies from Hodgkin's disease. The tumor lines were all EBV-genome negative.

Topics: Antigens, Viral; beta 2-Microglobulin; Biopsy; Cell Line; Cells, Cultured; DNA, Neoplasm; Herpesvirus 4, Human; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Lymphoma; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Muramidase; Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell

Topics: Hematologic Diseases; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Lymphoma; Muramidase; Myeloproliferative Disorders

Topics: Antigens, Neoplasm; Cytoplasm; Humans; Immunoglobulins; Immunologic Techniques; Lymph Nodes; Lymphoma; Muramidase; Pronase

Four murine monocyte, myelomonocyte, and histiocyte or macrophage tumor cell lines adapted to culture were growth inhibited by one or more of the following macrophage-activating substances: Mycobacterium bovis, Bacillus Calmette-Guérin strain, zymosan, lipopolysaccharide, and dextran sulfate, as well as tuberculin purified protein derivative, but not latex beads. Lipopolysaccharide was effective with one line at 4 ng/ml. All four lines actively phagocytosed zymosan and latex beads. In many cases the growth inhibition was apparently immediate but only cytostatic, and cell proliferation resumed upon removal of the drug. Bacillus Calmette-Guérin, live or boiled, was toxic to some of the tumor lines. Synthesis of lysozyme by all the cell lines in the monocyte series and production of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor by the myelomonocytic leukemia were not inhibited during several days of zero growth conditions in the presence of drugs. Since these agents had no direct effect on other hematopoietic tumor types (myeloma, T-lymphoma, mastocytoma) at the same or up to 10(4) higher concentrations, it is proposed that the sensitive tumors retain specific receptors for immunostimulants, either at the cell surface or within the cell in the case of phagocytosable particles. The binding of these agents to physiological receptors leads to stimulation and mitogenesis in normal macrophages and lymphocytes but leads to growth inhibition without affecting differenetiated functions in the corresponding tumor lines.

Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; BCG Vaccine; Cell Division; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Dextrans; Latex; Leukemia, Myeloid; Lipopolysaccharides; Lymphocyte Activation; Lymphoma; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Microspheres; Monocytes; Muramidase; Mycobacterium bovis; Neoplasms, Experimental; Tuberculin; Zymosan

Topics: Animals; Basophils; Cell Membrane; Eosinophils; Humans; Immune Sera; Immunodiffusion; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocytes; Lymphocytes; Lymphoma; Methanol; Monocytes; Muramidase; Neutrophils; Rats; Rats, Inbred WF

Topics: Animals; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Hyperplasia; Immunoglobulin kappa-Chains; Immunoglobulin lambda-Chains; Lymphoma; Lymphoma, Follicular; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Multiple Myeloma; Muramidase

A human cell line established in culture from a histiocytic lymphoma patient synthesizes and secretes the monocyte-granulocyte specific enzyme lysozyme. 18 other human cell lines with characteristics of T-lymphocyte, B-lymphocyte, Burkitt's lymphoma, non-Burkitt's lymphoma, myeloma, and bone marrow epithelial cells were not associated with lysozyme. Among murine cell lines, lysozyme was produced by (a) three histiocytic lymphoma or macrophage lines, which mediate antibody-dependent phagocytosis and cytolysis; (b) myelomonocytic leukemia line which also secretes myeloid colony-stimulating factor; and (c) a spontaneous lymphoma and an Abelson leukemia virus-induced lymphoma. Lysozyme-negative lines include another Abelson lymphoma, myelomas, T lymphomas, and mastocytoma.

Topics: Cell Line; Colony-Stimulating Factors; Lymphoma; Muramidase

A prospective study was conducted to define the content, significance, and source of lysozyme present in the pleural fluid in human diseases. The pleural fluid lysozyme activity is similar in various malignant and nonmalignant transudates and exudates, and is of limited diagnostic value. The pleural fluid activity correlated well with that of paired serum samples but it had poor correlation with the disease state, the pleural fluid granulocyte counts, and total white blood cell counts. The data suggest that the pleural fluid lysozyme may be derived primarily from the blood and that it is not the product of inflammatory or neoplastic cells in the fluid itself.

Topics: Carcinoma; Female; Granulocytes; Heart Failure; Humans; Leukemia; Liver Cirrhosis; Lung Neoplasms; Lymphoma; Male; Muramidase; Pleural Effusion

Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Cell Count; Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Cells; Cell Division; Clone Cells; Cytarabine; DNA; Doxorubicin; Female; Glycoproteins; Hematopoiesis; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Lymphoma; Male; Mitosis; Muramidase; Thioguanine; Thymidine; Tritium

Topics: Female; Hematologic Diseases; Humans; Leukemia; Lymphoma; Male; Muramidase

Topics: Adult; Anemia, Sideroblastic; Bone Marrow Diseases; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute; Leukemia, Myeloid; Lymphoma; Monocytes; Multiple Myeloma; Muramidase; Polycythemia Vera; Primary Myelofibrosis

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adult; Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; Female; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukocytes; Lymphoma; Male; Middle Aged; Multiple Myeloma; Muramidase; Sarcoidosis; Seasons

Topics: Candida; Candidiasis; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Leukemia; Leukocytes; Lymphoma; Multiple Myeloma; Muramidase; Neoplasms; Neutrophils; Peroxidases; Phagocytosis; Polycythemia Vera

Topics: Adult; Anemia, Aplastic; Child; Hematologic Diseases; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Leukemoid Reaction; Lymphoma; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Multiple Myeloma; Muramidase; Mycosis Fungoides; Myeloproliferative Disorders; Polycythemia Vera

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aging; Amyloidosis; Animals; Antibody Formation; Arteritis; Autoantibodies; Blood Group Antigens; Cattle; Cell Nucleus; Child; Child, Preschool; Cricetinae; Dental Caries; Dogs; Erythrocytes; Fishes; Haplorhini; Humans; Immunity; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Isoantibodies; Kidney; Lymphatic System; Lymphoma; Mice; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Rheumatoid Factor; Serum Globulins; Stomach; Temperature; Thyroid Gland

Topics: Antitubercular Agents; Bacteria; Bacteriological Techniques; Blood Cells; Culture Media; Dimethyl Sulfoxide; Ethambutol; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Leukemia; Lymphoma; Muramidase; Neoplasms; Staining and Labeling