muramidase and Lymphoma--Non-Hodgkin

The aim of this work was to study the evolution of neutrophil functions in non-neutropenic cancer patients. Thirty non-neutropenic patients, median age 35 years (range 19-52), with solid tumors (n = 21) or lymphomas (n = 9) entered a phase I study of five days of s.c. (n = 24) or i.v. bolus (n = 6) lenograstim, recombinant human glycosylated granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rHuG-CSF Chugai-Rhône-Poulenc), with dose escalation from 1 to 40 micrograms/kg/day. Neutrophil functions were studied before lenograstim (D1) and 24 h after the last dose (D6). Granulocyte count rose in a significant way, and enzyme release, phagocytosis and bacterial killing were stimulated. All patients had improvement of at least one neutrophil function. Directed migration was depressed, although it was still in the normal range. These findings confirm that lenograstim is a potent activator of neutrophil functions in non-neutropenic cancer patients and may be useful as an adjunct to conventional antimicrobial therapy.

Topics: Adult; Cell Adhesion; Chemotaxis, Leukocyte; Female; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; Granulocytes; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Lenograstim; Leukocyte Count; Leukocyte Elastase; Lymphoma; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Male; Middle Aged; Muramidase; N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine; Neoplasms; Neutrophils; Pancreatic Elastase; Phagocytosis; Recombinant Proteins

Patients treated for Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin lymphomas were followed for 5 years after start of therapy. The patients received combinations of anticancer drugs for curative intent for 6 months (Hodgkin's disease) or 7 months (non-Hodgkin lymphomas).. Cumulated data of 22 surviving patients (mean age, 49 years) were compared with that of 17 patients (mean age, 52 years) who had died or were terminally ill at the 5-year examination. Saliva samples were taken at baseline, and 4, 6, 12, and 60 months after start of chemotherapy. Salivary flow rate and a variety of biochemical constituents were analyzed.. The results showed no long-term effect of anticancer treatment on salivary flow rates. Neither was there any difference between the surviving or deceased patients' baseline values (1.5 +/- 0.7 mL/minute versus 1.5 +/- 0.8 mL/minute) and after chemotherapy. Lysozyme, IgA, IgG, and IgM concentrations decreased after chemotherapy. Significantly lower values were observed at the 5-year examination than at baseline. This was particularly evident in IgA, which is the major immunoglobulin in saliva; mean IgA was 70.5 +/- 52.8 mg/mL at baseline, 35.8 +/- 15.0 mg/mL 5 years later (p < 0.001). Salivary total protein and amylase concentrations were significantly decreased (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05, respectively), whereas albumin concentration was significantly increased at the 5-year examination (p < 0.05). When the salivary biochemical results were compared between the surviving and deceased patients, no statistically significant differences were observed. At baseline, however, the mean immunoglobulin values were lower in patients who later died, in comparison with those who survived.. These results showed that modern anticancer therapy need not cause severe side effects on salivary flow rates and composition. In addition, apart from the long-term immunosuppression, no significant decreases were expressed in salivary defensive factors.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Albumins; Amylases; Analysis of Variance; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Bleomycin; Cyclophosphamide; Dacarbazine; Dexamethasone; Doxorubicin; Epirubicin; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Immunoglobulin A, Secretory; Leucovorin; Lymphoma; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Male; Mechlorethamine; Methotrexate; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Prednisone; Procarbazine; Saliva; Salivary Proteins and Peptides; Secretory Rate; Statistics, Nonparametric; Vinblastine; Vincristine

The relation of lymphoma cells to gliomesenchymal stroma within nervous tissue was studied by peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunostaining of formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded surgical specimens for fibronectin (FN), factor VIII-related antigen and glial fibrillary acidic protein in 17 malignant non-Hodgkin lymphomas of the brain. For comparison, 9 non-Hodgkin lymphomas, 6 Hodgkin lymphomas, and 19 plasmacytomas of the spinal or cranial epidural spaces were studied with the same methods. Lymphoma cells were consistently negative for all markers. All lymphomas of the brain showed conspicuous concentric perivascular circles of immunoreactivity for FN in parts infiltrating brain tissue. Such structures are considered to derive from splitting of basal laminae of preexisting brain vessels; they were not seen in tumors of the epidural space. Cells with conspicuous FN content were found in brain as well as in epidural lymphomas. A monohistiocytic origin of those cells was confirmed by presence of monohistiocytic markers lysozyme and alpha-1-anti-chymotrypsin. Thus, additional immunostaining for FN seems to be useful for detecting monohistiocytes/macrophages in brain tumors.

Topics: alpha 1-Antichymotrypsin; alpha 1-Antitrypsin; Antigens; Brain Neoplasms; Epidural Space; Factor VII; Fibronectins; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Muramidase

Topics: alpha-Glucosidases; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; beta 2-Microglobulin; Biomarkers; Breast Neoplasms; Cyclophosphamide; Doxorubicin; Female; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Kidney Function Tests; Kidney Tubules; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Muramidase; Neoplasm Proteins; Predictive Value of Tests; Prednisone; Sensitivity and Specificity; Vincristine

The clinical and histologic data from 12 patients with "reticulum cell sarcoma" (large cell lymphoma) presenting in the skin were reviewed. Moreover, when appropriate material was available additional immunological, cytochemical and ultrastructural techniques were used to define the nature of the neoplastic cells. Eight tumors were found to be of true histiocytic origin (histiocytic sarcoma), three of B-cell origin (two B-immunoblastic lymphomas and one centroblastic or large noncleaved follicle center cell lymphoma) and one case could not be classified. Possible explanations for the discrepancy between the current report and other studies as to the frequency of true histiocytic tumors will be discussed. The differentiation into T-cell, B-cell and true histiocytic lymphomas appears to be important, not only because of different clinical behaviour, but possibly also from a therapeutical point of view.

Topics: Adult; Aged; alpha 1-Antitrypsin; Enzymes; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Lymphoma; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Skin Neoplasms

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; B-Lymphocytes; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Histiocytes; Humans; Immunoglobulins; Lymphoma; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Male; Muramidase; Phenotype; T-Lymphocytes

Topics: Albumins; Cytoplasm; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Immunoglobulin kappa-Chains; Immunoglobulin lambda-Chains; Immunoglobulins; Isoelectric Focusing; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Muramidase

Serum lysozyme activity was measured in samples from adult patients with acute leukemia, malignant tumors, and in normal adults. Twenty-eight adult patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) had significantly elevated levels of lysozyme at diagnosis, and none of the adults fell within the normal range. Thirty-two patients with AML in complete remission had lysozyme levels comparable to normal adults, whereas patients with AML in relapse (eight cases) also had abnormally high levels of lysozyme activity. Ten patients with AML in remission and off therapy also had normal lysozyme levels. Three patients with acute lymphatic leukemia had normal lysozyme levels, while one child with monomyelocytic leukemia had substantially elevated lysozyme levels before treatment. It seems that in patients in remission and with normal blood values, the serum lysozyme activity is valuable for monitoring the remission.

Topics: Adult; Antineoplastic Agents; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Lymphoma; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Muramidase; Prognosis; Remission, Spontaneous

A series of 55 biopsies from different types of malignant lymphomas were characterized in short-term culture experiments and during prolonged growth in vitro. The majority of the lymphocytic lymphomas and half of the histiocytic lymphomas expressed surface immunoglobulin, either in monoclonal or polyclonal form, indicating B-lymphocyte derivation. No lysozyme production was noted in either type of lymphoma, giving further support to the notion that histiocytic lymphomas are not truly histiocytic. Production of beta2-microglobulin was higher in histiocytic than in lymphocytic lymphoma and Hodgkin's disease but did not significantly differ from the production observed in non-neoplastic lymph node disorders. Incorporation of 3H-thymidine varied greatly within each category of lymphoma; the highest mean labelling index was noted in histiocytic lymphoma, possibly reflecting the generally more malignant course in such cases. Epstein-Barr virus-associated nuclear antigen was observed in one case of Hodgkin's disease. Attempts to establish permanent tumor cell lines were successful only from two explants of lymphocytic lymphoma and one pleural effusion from histiocytic lymphoma. The two cell lines derived from lymphocytic lymphomas both exhibited B-lymphocyte characteristics. The histiocytic lymphoma line lacked lymphocyte markers, produced lysozyme and was found to be rich in cytoplasmic esterases. These features are consistent with a "true" histiocytic derivation of this line. Lymphoblastoid cell lines representing non-neoplastic EBV-carrying lymphocytes contaminating the biopsies were derived from 19 biopsies, with the highest frequency noted in cultures of biopsies from Hodgkin's disease. The tumor lines were all EBV-genome negative.

Topics: Antigens, Viral; beta 2-Microglobulin; Biopsy; Cell Line; Cells, Cultured; DNA, Neoplasm; Herpesvirus 4, Human; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Lymphoma; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Muramidase; Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell

Topics: Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Lymphatic Diseases; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Muramidase

Lysozyme activity was studied in blood smears, serum, and urine of patients suffering from leukaemia or other haematological diseases. Increased enzyme activity was found in myelocytic, myelomonocytic and monocytic leukaemia and equally in secondary granulocytosis and polycythaemia vera. Reduced rates were found in lymphocytie leukaemia, malignant lymphoma with bone marrow involvement, and myelophthisic conditions. A rise in urinary lysozyme occurred when the serum level exceeded 50 microgram/ml. Abundant activities were found in myelomonocytic and monocytic leukaemias. Using the bacteriolytic method in blood smears, no enzyme activity was demonstrated in cells of acute or chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, in monocytic leukaemia however, almost all cells show strong reaction. In acute myelocytic or myelomonocytic leukaemia, the portion of positive cells changes from case to case depending on the degree of cell differentiation and maturation. In chronic myelocytic leukaemia there was no difference as compared to enzyme activity of myelocytes in bone marrow of control cases. Thus the bacteriolytic demonstration of lysozyme in blood smears may additionally contribute to distinction of different types of blastic leukaemias, and serum lysozyme also may allow more reliable insight into granulocytic and monocytic myelopoiesis than morphologic studies of blood or bone marrow smears can do, e.g. in agranulocytosis and pancytopenia.

Topics: Anemia, Aplastic; Hematologic Diseases; Humans; Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Leukocytes; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Muramidase; Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia

Large amounts of lysozyme accumulated in the serum and urine of (NZB X BALB/c)F1 mice with GPC-11, a transplantable reticulum cell sarcoma, type A. We separated GPC-11 cell suspensions on 20% Ludox HS gradients. (HS is one of the nine general grades of Ludox offered by du Pont de Nemours & Co., Wilmington, Del.) We did morphologic, functional, and biochemical experiments to detect oncogenic and enzymatic activity in each fraction. Oncogenic cells did not produce lysozyme. In contrast, macrophages associated with the solid tumor did produce lysozyme. The lysozyme purified from the GPC-11-associated macrophages resembled in size, electrophoretic mobility, and antigenicity the lysozyme purified from the urine of mice with the GPC-11 tumor.

Topics: Animals; Cell Separation; Culture Techniques; Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic; Immunity, Cellular; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Macrophages; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice, Inbred NZB; Muramidase; Neoplasms, Experimental

Topics: Animals; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Hyperplasia; Immunoglobulin kappa-Chains; Immunoglobulin lambda-Chains; Lymphoma; Lymphoma, Follicular; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Multiple Myeloma; Muramidase

Infusion of cycloheximide i.v., an antibiotic known to inhibit synthesis of protein, at a rate of 0.2 mg/kg/hr, reliably caused lysis of fever in 15 chronically febrile patients with Hodgkin's disease who did not have detectable bacterial, fungal, or viral infection. Antipyretic effects were also seen in some patients with reticulum cell sarcoma, lymphosarcoma, acute leukemia, histiocytic medullary reticulosis, plasma cell myeloma, carcinoma of the lung, and carcinoma of the cervix. The drug failed to produce defervescence in four patients with normal granulocyte reserves, who were febrile due to bacterial infection. When infused at a rate of 0.2 mg/kg/hr, the drug apparently caused an acute alteration of protein metabolism in man in that plasma amino acid nitrogen rose acutely while plasma levels of muramidase and ribonuclease fell during the period of the infusion. The data suggest that continuing synthesis of protein may be involved in nonbacterial fever of neoplastic disease. Mammalian granulocytes and monocytes are known to elaborate a pyrogenic protein following appropriate stimulation; it is suggested that in some types of neoplastic disease, particularly Hodgkin's disease, tumor cells may produce and release a pyrogenic protein and that drug-induced inhibition of its synthesis is responsible for the observed lysis of fever.

Topics: Bacterial Infections; Cycloheximide; Female; Fever; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Leukemia; Lung Neoplasms; Lymphatic Diseases; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Multiple Myeloma; Muramidase; Neoplasm Proteins; Neoplasms; Nitrogen; Ribonucleases; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

Topics: Brain Neoplasms; Cerebrospinal Fluid; Female; Glioma; Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell; Humans; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Male; Meningitis; Muramidase; Neoplasm Metastasis

The cytochemical methods for lysozyme and nitroblue-tetrazolium reduction have been used to study the blast cells of acute myeloid leukaemia. Both proved useful in characterizing the cases with predominant monocytic differentiation. THE DEMONSTRATION OF LYSOZYME ACTIVITY HELPED TO DEFINE TWO MAIN GROUPS: (a) with predominantly lysozyme-negative cells (myeloblastic-promyelocytic), and (b) with considerable numbers of positive cells (monoblastic-monocytic). In addition this test was also of value in the differentiation of other leukaemic disorders. Reduction of nitroblue-tetrazolium was also a feature of monocytic differentiation. The combination of these two methods with those for myeloperoxidase and non-specific esterase activity contributes to the cytological characterization of acute myeloid leukaemia.

Topics: Cell Differentiation; Esterases; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Muramidase; Oxidation-Reduction; Peroxidases; Tetrazolium Salts

Topics: Autopsy; Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Cells; Chlorambucil; Humans; Immunoglobulins; Karyotyping; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Lymph Nodes; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Male; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Neoplasms, Multiple Primary; Prednisone

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Agranulocytosis; Bone Marrow; Cell Survival; Felty Syndrome; Female; Fluorine; Humans; Isoflurophate; Kinetics; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Male; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Neutrophils; Radioisotopes; Splenomegaly

Topics: Agranulocytosis; Anemia, Pernicious; Cell Survival; Fluorine; Half-Life; Humans; Isoflurophate; Kinetics; Leukocyte Count; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Muramidase; Neutrophils; Polycythemia Vera; Radioisotopes

Topics: Acute Disease; Adenine Nucleotides; Adenosine Diphosphate; Adult; Aged; Blood Platelets; Collagen; Epinephrine; Female; Fibrin; Humans; Kaolin; Leukemia; Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Male; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Platelet Adhesiveness; Remission, Spontaneous; Thrombin

Spontaneous amyloidosis was noted in a significant number of germfree mice in comparison with their conventional contemporaries. The adjusted prevalence of this disease was increased in both groups by whole-body exposure at 6 weeks of age to 700 rad of ionizing radiation. The germfree groups demonstrated persistent hypogammaglobulinemia throughout their lifespans and no evidence of significant inflammatory processes at necropsy. The possible interpretation of these observations is discussed and it is concluded that defective or deficient immunoglobulin production may be the essential prerequisite for the development of amyloidosis.

Topics: Agammaglobulinemia; Age Factors; Amyloid; Amyloidosis; Animals; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Blood Chemical Analysis; Blood Proteins; Blood Urea Nitrogen; Cobalt Isotopes; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Germ-Free Life; Immunosuppression Therapy; Kidney; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Mice; Muramidase; Radiation Effects; Serum Albumin; Serum Globulins; Thymus Neoplasms

Topics: Adult; Anemia, Aplastic; Child; Hematologic Diseases; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Leukemoid Reaction; Lymphoma; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Multiple Myeloma; Muramidase; Mycosis Fungoides; Myeloproliferative Disorders; Polycythemia Vera